scholarly journals Efektivitas dan Efisiensi pembiayaan pendidikan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
putri sinta ◽  
hanif al kadri
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Education Funding ◽  
Educational Funding ◽  
Cost Of Education ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Education Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Special Studies

This article explains the research objectives to be achieved is the formulation of the methodology used to regulate this article is the formulation of an approach in calculating the cost of education units, what are the types of education costs, Cost Effectiveness and Efficiency. First, researchers find relevant theories, and then make conclusions about them, then analyze, and finally make new researchers who analyze based on information. The results of this article are based on the analysis of researchers in general, namely education funding is a complexity, in which there will be interrelationships in each component, which has a micro range (educational unit) to the macro (national), which includes sources of educational funding , the system and mechanism of its allocation, effectiveness and efficiency in its use, the scuntability of the results as measured by changes that occur at all levels, especially schools, and problems that are still related to education funding, so special studies are needed to be more specific about education funding this. There are two approaches in determining the unit cost of education, namely the macro and micro approaches. And there are several models of education funding.

Marginal assessment of the cost and benefits of aphasia treatment: Evidence from community-based telerehabilitation treatment for aphasia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1357633X2098277
Author(s):  
Molly Jacobs ◽  
Patrick M Briley ◽  
Heather Harris Wright ◽  
Charles Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Conduction Aphasia ◽  
Aphasia Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction Few studies have reported information related to the cost-effectiveness of traditional face-to-face treatments for aphasia. The emergence and demand for telepractice approaches to aphasia treatment has resulted in an urgent need to understand the costs and cost-benefits of this approach. Methods Eighteen stroke survivors with aphasia completed community-based aphasia telerehabilitation treatment, utilizing the Language-Oriented Treatment (LOT) delivered via Webex videoconferencing program. Marginal benefits to treatment were calculated as the change in Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R) score pre- and post-treatment and marginal cost of treatment was calculated as the relationship between change in WAB-R aphasia quotient (AQ) and the average cost per treatment. Controlling for demographic variables, Bayesian estimation evaluated the primary contributors to WAB-R change and assessed cost-effectiveness of treatment by aphasia type. Results Thirteen out of 18 participants experienced significant improvement in WAB-R AQ following telerehabilitation delivered therapy. Compared to anomic aphasia (reference group), those with conduction aphasia had relatively similar levels of improvement whereas those with Broca’s aphasia had smaller improvement. Those with global aphasia had the largest improvement. Each one-point of improvement cost between US$89 and US$864 for those who improved (mean = US$200) depending on aphasia type/severity. Discussion Individuals with severe aphasia may have the greatest gains per unit cost from treatment. Both improvement magnitude and the cost per unit of improvement were driven by aphasia type, severity and race. Economies of scale to aphasia treatment–cost may be minimized by treating a variety of types of aphasia at various levels of severity.

scholarly journals Effect of the scale of production on the cost-effectiveness of milk production systems belonging to the “Balde Cheio” program

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Flávio De Moraes ◽  
Marcos Aurélio Lopes ◽  
Francisval De Melo Carvalho ◽  
Afonso Aurélio de Carvalho Peres ◽  
Fábio Raphael Pascoti Bruhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Return On Capital ◽  
The Cost

This study investigates the cost-effectiveness of 20 demonstration units (DUs) belonging to the "Balde Cheio" program. The units in question are from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, dating from January to December 2011, and are sorted according to the scale of production (small, medium and large). The data were analyzed using Predictive Analytical software (PASW) 18.0. The scale of production influenced the total cost of milk production, and therefore profitability and cost-effectiveness. The large-scale stratum showed the lowest total unit cost. The positive results in medium and large scales in milk production lead to optimal conditions for long-term production, with the capitalization of cowmen. The items regarding the effective operating cost (EOC) with the biggest influence on the costs of dairy activity in the small scale stratum were food, energy and miscellaneous expenses. In the medium scale, these were food, labor force, and miscellaneous expenses. Finally, in the large scale, they were food, labor force and energy. In the small and large scale, the items regarding the total cost with the biggest influence on the costs of dairy activity were food, labor force, and return on capital, while in the medium scale, they were food, return on capital, and labor force. The average break-even point of 14 of the DUs was higher than the average daily production.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of facility-based, stand-alone and mobile-based voluntary counseling and testing for HIV in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanuel Yigezu ◽  
Senait Alemayehu ◽  
Shallo Daba Hamusse ◽  
Getachew Teshome Ergeta ◽  
Damen Hailemariam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Voluntary Counseling ◽  
Voluntary Counseling And Testing ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Abstract Background Globally, there is a consensus to end the HIV/AIDS epidemic by 2030, and one of the strategies to achieve this target is that 90% of people living with HIV should know their HIV status. Even if there is strong evidence of clients’ preference for testing in the community, HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) continue to be undertaken predominantly in health facilities. Hence, empirical cost-effectiveness evidence about different HIV counseling and testing models is essential to inform whether such community-based testing are justifiable compared with additional resources required. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of facility-based, stand-alone and mobile-based HIV voluntary counseling and testing methods in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods Annual economic costs of counseling and testing methods were collected from the providers’ perspective from July 2016 to June 2017. Ingredients based bottom-up costing approach was applied. The effectiveness of the interventions was measured in terms of the number of HIV seropositive clients identified. Decision tree modeling was built using TreeAge Pro 2018 software, and one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted by varying HIV positivity rate, costs, and probabilities. Results The cost of test per client for facility-based, stand-alone and mobile-based VCT was $5.06, $6.55 and $3.35, respectively. The unit costs of test per HIV seropositive client for the corresponding models were $158.82, $150.97 and $135.82, respectively. Of the three models, stand-alone-based VCT was extendedly dominated. Mobile-based VCT costs, an additional cost of USD 239 for every HIV positive client identified when compared to facility-based VCT. Conclusion Using a mobile-based VCT approach costs less than both the facility-based and stand-alone approaches, in terms of both unit cost per tested individual and unit cost per HIV seropositive cases identified. The stand-alone VCT approach was not cost-effective compared to facility-based and mobile-based VCT. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for mobile-based VCT compared with facility-based VCT was USD 239 per HIV positive case.

scholarly journals Analysis and Evaluation of Education Costs in Romania: Methods and Techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anca Leontina PAPP (MARINESCU)
Keyword(s):  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Cost Of Education ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Education Costs ◽  
The Cost

The cost of education may be the smallest monetary value belonging to the system inputs needed to reach a certain level of outputs. In order to understand the concept of cost of education, the notion of suitability of education must be understood in advance.

scholarly journals Economic evaluation of Health Extension Program packages in Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246207
Author(s):  
Lelisa Fekadu Assebe ◽  
Wondesen Nigatu Belete ◽  
Senait Alemayehu ◽  
Elias Asfaw ◽  
Kora Tushune Godana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Extension Program ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
Extension Program

Background Ethiopia launched the Health Extension Program (HEP) in 2004, aimed at ensuring equitable community-level healthcare services through Health Extension Workers. Despite the program’s being a flagship initiative, there is limited evidence on whether investment in the program represents good value for money. This study assessed the cost and cost-effectiveness of HEP interventions to inform policy decisions for resource allocation and priority setting in Ethiopia. Methods Twenty-one health care interventions were selected under the hygiene and sanitation, family health services, and disease prevention and control sub-domains. The ingredient bottom-up and top-down costing method was employed. Cost and cost-effectiveness were assessed from the provider perspective. Health outcomes were measured using life years gained (LYG). Incremental cost per LYG in relation to the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of Ethiopia (US$852.80) was used to ascertain the cost-effectiveness. All costs were collected in Ethiopian birr and converted to United States dollars (US$) using the average exchange rate for 2018 (US$1 = 27.67 birr). Both costs and health outcomes were discounted by 3%. Result The average unit cost of providing selected hygiene and sanitation, family health, and disease prevention and control services with the HEP was US$0.70, US$4.90, and US$7.40, respectively. The major cost driver was drugs and supplies, accounting for 53% and 68%, respectively, of the total cost. The average annual cost of delivering all the selected interventions was US$9,897. All interventions fall within 1 times GDP per capita per LYG, indicating that they are very cost-effective (ranges: US$22–$295 per LYG). Overall, the HEP is cost-effective by investing US$77.40 for every LYG. Conclusion The unit cost estimates of HEP interventions are crucial for priority-setting, resource mobilization, and program planning. This study found that the program is very cost-effective in delivering community health services.

scholarly journals THE DECISION OF CHOOSING A UNIVERSITY: THE IMPACT OF EDUCATION COSTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Dedy Ansari Harahap ◽  
Dita Amanah ◽  
Muji Gunarto ◽  
Purwanto Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Regression Method ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Tuition Fees ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Cost Of Education ◽  
Education Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Type

A Student Decision on Choosing a University: Impact of Education Costs. This study aims to analyze the effect of the cost of education on students' decisions to continue their studies in tertiary institutions. This study uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory research type. The research sample consisted of 380 respondents and statistically processed with the simple linear regression method using the SPSS version 26.0 application. The results showed that the cost of education had an effect on students' decision to choose a university. These findings indicate that higher education institutions must take into account the tuition fees charged to students. This is related to the level of students' ability to complete their studies at a college. Several studies have shown that in general the cost of education is important for universities to attract and retain students who are studying.

scholarly journals The cost-effectiveness of using performance-based financing to deliver the basic package of health services in Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. e002381
Author(s):  
Ahmad S Salehi ◽  
Josephine Borghi ◽  
Karl Blanchet ◽  
Anna Vassall
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Performance Based Financing ◽  
The Cost

Performance-based financing (PBF) is a mechanism to improve the quality and the utilisation of health benefit packages. There is a dearth of economic evaluations of PBF in the ‘real world’. Afghanistan implemented PBF between 2010 and 2015 and evaluated the programme using a pragmatic cluster-randomised control trial. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of the PBF programme in Afghanistan, compared with the standard of care, from the provider payer’s perspective. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of PBF compared with the standard of care was US$1242 per disability-adjusted life year averted; not cost-effective when compared with an opportunity cost threshold of US$349. Incentive payments were the main contributor to PBF financial cost (70%) followed by data verification (23%), staff time (5%) and administration (2%). The unit cost per case of antenatal care (ANC), skilled birth attendance (SBA) and postnatal care (PNC) services in the standard of care was US$0.96 (95% CI 0.92–1.0), US$4.8 (95% CI 4.1–6.3) and US$1.3 (95% CI 1.2–1.4), respectively, whereas the cost of ANC, SBA and PNC services per case in PBF areas were US$4.72 (95% CI 4.68–5.7), US$48.5 (95% CI 48.0–52.5) and US$5.4 (95% CI 5.1–5.9), respectively. To conclude, our study found that PBF, as implemented in the Afghan context, was not the best use of funds to strengthen the delivery of maternal and child health services. The cost-effectiveness of alternative PBF designs needs to be appraised before using PBF at scale to support health benefit packages. PBF needs to be considered in the context of funding the range of constraints that inhibit health service performance improvement.

Is High-Flux Dialysis Cost-Effective?

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Hornberger ◽  
Alan M. Garber ◽  
Michael E. Chernew
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Dialysis Session ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Endstage Renal Disease ◽  
The Cost

AbstractHigh-flux dialysis is a new method for providing routine-maintenance hemodialysis to patients with endstage renal disease. It promises to shorten the duration of the dialysis session, but poses potential clinical risks to patients and financial risks to dialysis centers because of the high unit cost of purchasing new dialysis equipment. We retrospectively evaluated the cost-effectiveness of high-flux dialysis compared to conventional dialysis in a hospital-based center. The center provided only conventional dialysis until March 1989, when it initiated high-flux dialysis. The estimated annual costs of treatment were US $31,249 (high-flux) and $32,562 (conventional). The rate of hospital admissions was almost identical in both groups (conventional, 1.29 admissions per year; high-flux, 1.24 admissions per year; p = 0.23). Predicted prolongation of life expectancy with high-flux dialysis was significantly higher after statistical adjustment for observable patient characteristics (1.8 to 4.5 years; p <0.01). The cost-effectiveness ratio was $28,188 per life-year saved for high-flux compared to conventional dialysis. These findings suggest that the added capital expense of purchasing high-flux equipment can be justified from the perspective of its societal cost-effectiveness.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Dan Efisiensi Dalam Pembiayaan Pendidikan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Diana ◽  
hanif al kadri
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Education Funding ◽  
Cost Of Education ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Cost

This article explains the research objectives to be achieved is the formulation of the effectiveness and afficiency of education funding and identifies the factors that influence the cost of the education and components that exist in the cost of education. The methodology used to arrange this article is Systematic Literature Review (SLR). First, researcher find relevant theories, and then make a conclusion about it, then analyzing, and finally make a new information based researcher analyzing. The result of this article base on the researcher analyzing is generally there are eight factors and seventeen components contained in education funding

scholarly journals Economies Of Elearning In The 21st Century

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Kasraie ◽  
Esrafill Kasraie
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
21St Century ◽  
New Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Web Based Education

The Internet and advancements in the field of information technology have opened up unprecedented opportunities for every citizen to succeed in the 21st Century.  Higher education has been utilizing the new technology by offering web-based education.  Many universities today offer online classes and even online degrees using eLearning.  But how can we measure the cost effectiveness and efficiency of eLearning?  The purpose of this article is to review a model to measure the cost effectiveness and efficiency of eLearning by investigating the three major sectors of the eLearning industry and discuss the impacts of economy on the growth of this newly developed industry.

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