scholarly journals Least Significant Bit Comparison between 1-bit and 2-bit Insertion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andysah Putera Utama Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Original Image ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
The Media

Steganography can be used to secure secret messages. Steganography works by hiding valuable information in an accommodating medium. The media used is an image. In inserting information into a media, there are several techniques that can be used. The technique used is Least Significant Bit (LSB). It works by manipulating the last bit on each pixel. This bit will be replaced by a row of bits in the information. Each character in the information consists of 8 bits. And each bit will be inserted in each pixel in the image. A character needs 8 pixels to store information. The pixel sequence is RGBRGBRG. This study discusses insertion comparisons if carried out with 1-bit and 2-bit. Both image results will be tested for feasibility. MSE and PSNR will be applied and compared to the original image. MSE and PSNR test results say that 1-bit LSB is superior in terms of the image while 2-bit LSB is superior in terms of information size. For small information, it is better to use 1-bit LSB and large information will be inserted using 2-bit LSB.

scholarly journals Dynamic Steganography Least Significant Bit with Stretch on Pixels Neighborhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khoiruddin Harahap ◽  
Nurul Khairina
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Index ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Original Image ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Size Change ◽  
Structure Similarity Index ◽  
Image Pixels

Background: The confidentiality of a message may at times be compromised. Steganography can hide such a message in certain media. Steganographic media such as digital images have many pixels that can accommodate secret messages. However, the length of secret messages may not match with the number of image pixels so the messages cannot be inserted into the digital images.Objective: This research aims to see the dynamics between an image size and a secret message’s length in order to prevent out of range messages entered in an image.Methods: This research will combine the Least Significant Bit (LSB) method and the Stretch technique in hiding secret messages. The LSB method uses the 8th bit to hide secret messages. The Stretch technique dynamically enlarges the image size according to the length of the secret messages. Images will be enlarged horizontally on the rightmost image pixel block until n blocks of image pixels.Results: This study compares an original image size and a stego image size and examines a secret message’s length that can be accommodated by the stego image, as well as the Mean Square Error and Structure Similarity Index. The test is done by comparing the size change of the original image with the stego image from the Stretch results, where each original image tested always changes dynamically according to the increasing number of secret message characters. From the MSE and SSIM test results, the success was only with the first image, while the second image to the fourth image remained erroneous because they also did not have the same resolution.Conclusion:The combination of LSB steganography and the Stretch technique can enlarge an image automatically according to the number of secret messages to be inserted. For further research development, image stretch must not only be done horizontally but also vertically. 

scholarly journals PENDEKATAN STEGO-KRIPTO MODE CIPHER BLOCK CHAINING UNTUK PENGAMANAN INFORMASI PADA CITRA DIGITAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Vera Wati ◽  
Hanifatus Sa’diyah ◽  
Dony Ariyus
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Original Image ◽  
Image Size ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Encrypted Images ◽  
Average Image ◽  
Block Chaining

The digital image can be one of the media for information security. The contents of information have an important value of effectiveness, one of which is as a support in decision making. Then the information needs to be done to safeguard the authority of parties who are not responsible. Such security can utilize Steganography and Cryptography (Stego-Crypto). The method used combines Stego-Crypto by randomizing information using Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) then the encryption results are secured through digital images. Based on the test results by measuring the capacity of information on the image produces test data if CBC can process characters in uppercase, spaces and other characters and the results of plaintext and ciphertext produce a ratio of 1: 2, but the LSB performance only accommodates characters depending on the number of sizes on digital image. Testing by evaluating the difference in pixel histogram, when viewed with an invisible not very visible difference, but the insertion of messages with 100-200 characters causes the addition of the average image size on stego images larger than 1: 4, the value of 1 from the original image. Besides, testing with the help of communication media, stego images or encrypted images is able to use email to send stego images because LSB is sensitive to the process of resizing images

scholarly journals Perancangan E-Modul “ALKI” Pada Mata Pelajaran Kimia Bagi Siswa Kelas X Berbasis Mobile di SMAN 1 Mapat Tunggul

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Aisyah Amini ◽  
Riri Okra
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Process Testing ◽  
Development Life Cycle ◽  
Multimedia Development ◽  
The Media ◽  
Chemical Materials

ALKI is an e-module that serves as a learning medium for grade X students majoring in MIA at SMAN 1 MAPAT TUNGGUL. E-module ALKI was created with the aim of assisting teachers in delivering materials and helping students understand more about chemical materials by repeating lessons, working on exercises, and strengthening memory by playing flashcards. The thing behind the design of alki e-module is the lack of motivation to learn students, difficulty and the absence of internet network in Mapat Tunggul area, students should not take home the package book, the smartphone owned by students is not used to study, and when doing homework with the help of the internet most students just copy the answer without understanding the origin of the answer. This research method is Research and Development (R&D) with a 4-D research model (four-D) that is with define, Design, Development, and Disseminate stages. In the Development stage, the development stage of ALKI e-module media is carried out. The media development model used in this study is MDLC(Multimedia Development Life Cycle) luther-sutopo version which consists of 6 stages, namely conception, design, material collection, manufacturing process, testing and distribution. The result of the research is a mobile-based ALKI e-module product. With 0.81 validity test results declared valid,0.93 Practicality test results are practiced very practically,and 0.80 effectiveness test results are declared very effective. So, it can be concluded that alki e-module based on mobile application as a learning medium has been valid, practical and effective.

scholarly journals Modified Lsb For Hiding Encrypted Kurdish Text Into Digital Image

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Nada E. Tawfiq
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Original Image ◽  
Text File ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Text Information ◽  
Embedded Technique ◽  
Lsb Substitution

Image files can hide text without their size being affected too much. This process called steganography which allows hiding text in images without any suspicions from intruders. This paper addresses an improved LSB substitution algorithm for hiding Kurdish text information written in text file into digital image as steganography technique. The algorithm consists of two main phases, the first phase holds the encryption of the Kurdish text message and the embedded technique while the second phase hold the message extraction followed by decryption to get the original code of each character. The algorithm contains many procedures to enhance this process. Least Significant Bit method is used to hide the Kurdish text, in order to keep the features and characteristics of the original image. Applying the proposed approach shows that it seems work in a best case by hiding and retrieving text from the digital image which is used as a carrier of this text. Delphi 2010 was used to simulate both encrypt-embedded phase and extract-decrypt phase, and the results were obtained with high and security which proved the efficiency of the algorithm, where the hidden Kurdish text didn’t make any distortion or change over the cover image.

scholarly journals Video-Based Learning on PPKn Education with the Topic of Symbols and Meanings of Pancasila

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Anggun Rimada Akhmad AR ◽  
Gede Wira Bayu ◽  
I Gde Wawan Sudatha
Keyword(s):  
Development Research ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Video Based Learning ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

Learning activities have not been carried out optimally. The learning media used is only fixed on one source of textbooks, so students have difficulty understanding the material. In addition, teachers only teach using the assignment and lecture methods. This study aims to develop learning media in the form of videos to assist students in learning. This type of research is development research with the model used is ADDIE. The methods used in collecting data are observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The instrument used in collecting data is a questionnaire. The subject of this research is Civics learning video media on the topic of symbols and meanings of the Pancasila precepts, in this study the data analysis technique used in this development research was using qualitative descriptive statistical analysis techniques and quantitative descriptive statistics. The results of the research are the results of the expert test of the content of the subjects developed to get the results of 4.84 with very good qualifications, the learning design experts get the results of 4.22 with very good qualifications, the test results from the learning media experts get the results of 4.30 with the qualifications very good. The results of the practitioner test got a result of 4.58 with very good qualifications, the results of the limited trial got a result of 4.79 with very good qualifications. It can be concluded that the media developed is feasible to be applied in learning. The implication of this research is that the developed media can make it easier for students to understand Civics subject matter, especially the topic of symbols and meanings of the Pancasila precepts.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Media Gambar Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Siswa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahniar Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Media Images ◽  
Media Image ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
The Media ◽  
Improving Student Learning

Rekognisi: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kependidikan Volume 1, No.1, Tahun 2016 PGSD Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sumatera Utara The purpose of this study are: (a) to know how to use the media image in improving student learning outcomes in social studies learning the material diversity of tribes and cultures in Indonesia (b) to determine student learning outcomes in social studies material diversity of tribes and cultures Indonesia using media images. Media used in this study is the media image, ie an image of the diversity of tribes and cultures in Indonesia, such as image custom homes, traditional clothing, traditional weapons and traditional dances from all regions in Indonesia. The test is performed three times the initial test (pretest), test results of studying the first cycle and the second cycle. Based on data analysis, which showed that: (1) difficulties faced by students in social studies learning are: students who have not been able to explain the contents of the image due to lack of confidence developed in the classroom and explain the contents of the image to a friend, (2) how to use media images in learning social studies in the first cycle that, the teacher explains the material diversity of tribes and cultures in Indonesia by using an image, then the teacher asked students to comment on the pictures, and the second cycle the teacher asks the students to form groups and work the assignment of teachers in groups and provide individual training. (3) At the beginning of the test (pre-test) the ability of the student in completing the material diversity of tribes and cultures in Indonesia is low. I learned on the test results of 37 students who take the test, there are 18 students or 48.64% were thoroughly studied and are not thoroughly studied as many as 19 students or 51.36%. In the second cycle of learning outcomes, from 37 students who take the test are 35 students or 94.60% were thoroughly studied, and there are 2 students or 5.40% were not thoroughly studied. It can be concluded that the use of media images can improve student learning outcomes.

scholarly journals Development Of Guided Discovery Based Electronic Module For Chemical Lessons In Redox Reaction Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (07) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Dewi Handayani ◽  
Elvinawati Elvinawati ◽  
Isnaeni Isnaeni ◽  
Muzanip Alperi
Keyword(s):  
Redox Reaction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Guided Discovery ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Response Percentage

This research is the development of guided discovery based electronic module that aims to know the eligibility level of e-modules and student responses to guided discovery-based electronic modules in redox reaction material. This electronic module uses the ADDIE development model. The research was conducted at one of the high schools in Bengkulu with the subject 9 students of X MIPA A Students for small scale trials and 30 students of X MIPA D Students for large scale trials. From the results of the research obtained (1) the percentage of the feasibility of e-modules on the material aspect is 86,315% while from the media aspect is 91.425% so that based on the results of validation by the E-module validator is declared very valid, (2) based on the test results of the small-scale student response percentage of 75.97 % with interesting category, while for large-scale trials of 84.48% with a very interesting category. From the results percentage, it can be concluded that e-module is suitable for use in learning. Electronic module based on guided discovery is an effective tool to help students in learning redox reaction subject. E-module can be accessed by smartphone or laptop. With this e-module, students can access the study material from everywhere without any time limitation.

scholarly journals Supersystemy rozrywkowe: metodyka i metodologia badań. Propozycja

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 17-42
Author(s):  
Jakub Lichański
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Video Games ◽  
New Media ◽  
Basic Problem ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Media ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Media Message

The problem that we want to investigate in this article is a phenomenon that, for various re-searchers, including Marsh Kinder, we call super entertainment systems. It is about a multitude of uses or the existence of not only figures, but also a certain universe — not necessarily taken from popular culture, resp. literature — which will then be introduced as elements or an intertextual net-work, or rather — become elements in various entertainment systems. They can be: Classic systems, such as classic printed forms,II. Films, including amateur productions and disseminated on the Internet,III. Different types of games ranging from RPG to video games,IV. Different types of theatrical or paratheatrical forms,V. Any gadgets related to the above-mentioned elements,VI. Also — manifestations of fanatic creativity (in any form),VII. Musical forms. The problems that researchers face are related to the following: Can the above-mentioned problems be reduced to a simpler form of the question about the form of the media message? Is it about the so-called old media and new media and media convergence? What and how the roles of the sender/author and the recipient should be determined, and whether such a division is correct (NB: L. Manovich introduces the notions of the creator and consumer, whether the division into a passive/active/participating recipient is important). The problems that lie ahead are twofold:First of all — methodical issues concerning the methodology of description and research of the aforementioned phenomena,Secondly — methodological problems, among which the basic problem appears: can we define one approach to the above-mentioned issues or there will be a multiplicity of methodologies here? In the latter case, you will need to find a way/method to compare test results.

scholarly journals Computer Forensic Using Photorec for Secure Data Recovery Between Storage Media: a Proof of Concept

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1189-1196
Author(s):  
I Putu Agus Eka Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Data Recovery ◽  
Test Results ◽  
End User ◽  
Storage Media ◽  
Data Formats ◽  
Secure Data ◽  
The Media ◽  
Computer Forensic ◽  
Forensic Testing ◽  
Test Scenarios

Data plays the important role, so that data recovery and data security be prioritized. Computer users often lose their data due to personal errors or by attacks. Digital forensics has one sub-field called computer forensic, which has an important role in the process of secure data recovery. USB Flashdisk as the most widely used storage media has a probability of data loss. It is necessary to do computer forensic actions, especially secure data recovery, on it so that it can restore data securely to other media while protecting it by giving privilege root. In this research, computer forensic testing the 2781 files of various data formats that were erased on a 32 GB USB flash drive using Photorec. The media for collecting data recovery results using an Intel computer, 2 GB RAM, 1.8 GHz processor, the Linux operating system Xubuntu 20.04. Testing is carried out following the test scenarios that have been designed, then observed, recorded, and analyzed. Photorec places recovery data in 6 recup_dir subdirectories. Test results and analysis of the test results show that Photorec is a reliable tool for computer forensic, especially secure data recovery because it can restore 100% of data, accompanied by privilege root for all data recovery results, so they cannot be changed and deleted by an end-user without granted access.

scholarly journals Mengembangkan Media Pembelajaran: Analisis Kebutuhan Pada Materi Exterior Light System

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-371
Author(s):  
Gofani Fajri ◽  
Priyono Priyono ◽  
Catur Setyawan Kusumohadi
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Vocational Schools ◽  
Work Demands ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
The Media ◽  
Level Of Thinking ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Observation Results

This research and development aim to present the results of the analysis of the need for media development for learning in vocational schools on exterior lights system materials. In this research, the needs analysis has referred to: (1) vocational schools are obliged to prepare students with relevant competencies to fill the needs of prospective workers in the world of work or industry; (2) The new world of work demands a higher level of thinking and skills (3) The problem of learning exterior lights system materials that are theoretical; (4) Media required in the practice of exterior lights system. This research uses a series of unstructured observation methods, open question questionnaires, as well as unstructured interviews in gathering information in the field. The result of this study is: (1) Unstructured observation results are the discovery of the problem that 70% of the daily test results of exterior lights system materials of grade XI Electrical Avionic students under the minimum completion criteria (below the grade of 75). (2) The results of the open question questionnaire are the majority of students (96%) students need practice through learning media so that learning outcomes can be improved so as to achieve minimum completion criteria. (3) The results of unstructured interviews to subject teachers are in line with the results of the questionnaire i.e. teachers are still teaching with powerpoint media and lecture methods because there is no learning medium for practical students. The conclusion of this study is that students and teachers need media for practical activities. Therefore, this research and development was conducted to research and develop the media practice material exterior lights system.

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