scholarly journals Quantifying ADHD symptoms in open-ended everyday life contexts with a new virtual reality task

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Seesjärvi ◽  
Jasmin Puhakka ◽  
Eeva T. Aronen ◽  
Jari Lipsanen ◽  
Minna Mannerkoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Discriminatory Ability ◽  
Executive Performance ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Efficacy Measure ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

Objective: In the assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) there is a need for methods that would reflect ADHD symptoms in naturalistic yet controlled situations objectively. Method: We developed a novel virtual reality task, EPELI (Executive Performance in Everyday LIving), and used it to quantify goal-directed behavior in ADHD children (n = 38) and typically developing controls (n = 38) in everyday home situations. Results: The ADHD group exhibited higher percentage of irrelevant actions out of all actions, reflecting lower attentional-executive efficacy, and more controller movements and more total game actions, both indicative of hyperactivity-impulsivity. Five main EPELI measures combined exhibited excellent discriminatory ability, with area under curve being 88 %. The efficacy measure of EPELI was strongly correlated with parent evaluations of everyday executive problems (r = .57) and ADHD symptoms (r = .55). Conclusion: Virtual reality assessment can successfully quantify ADHD symptoms in a rich naturalistic context.

scholarly journals Quantifying ADHD Symptoms in Open-Ended Everyday Life Contexts With a New Virtual Reality Task

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110442
Author(s):  
Erik Seesjärvi ◽  
Jasmin Puhakka ◽  
Eeva T. Aronen ◽  
Jari Lipsanen ◽  
Minna Mannerkoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Efficacy Measure ◽  
Valid Assessment ◽  
Concept Validation ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

Objective: To quantify goal-directed behavior and ADHD symptoms in naturalistic conditions, we developed a virtual reality task, EPELI (Executive Performance in Everyday LIving), and tested its predictive, discriminant and concurrent validity. Method: We collected EPELI data, conventional neuropsychological task data, and parent-ratings of executive problems and symptoms in 38 ADHD children and 38 typically developing controls. Results: EPELI showed predictive validity as the ADHD group exhibited higher percentage of irrelevant actions reflecting lower attentional-executive efficacy and more controller movements and total game actions, both indicative of hyperactivity-impulsivity. Further, the five combined EPELI measures showed excellent discriminant validity (area under curve 88 %), while the correlations of the EPELI efficacy measure with parent-rated executive problems (r = .57) and ADHD symptoms (r = .55) pointed to its concurrent validity. Conclusion: We provide a proof-of-concept validation for a new virtual reality tool for ecologically valid assessment of ADHD symptoms.

Basic numerical processing, calculation, and working memory in children with dyscalculia and/or ADHD symptoms

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg-Tobias Kuhn ◽  
Elena Ise ◽  
Julia Raddatz ◽  
Christin Schwenk ◽  
Christian Dobel
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Numerical Processing ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Neurocognitive Measures

Abstract. Objective: Deficits in basic numerical skills, calculation, and working memory have been found in children with developmental dyscalculia (DD) as well as children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This paper investigates cognitive profiles of children with DD and/or ADHD symptoms (AS) in a double dissociation design to obtain a better understanding of the comorbidity of DD and ADHD. Method: Children with DD-only (N = 33), AS-only (N = 16), comorbid DD+AS (N = 20), and typically developing controls (TD, N = 40) were assessed on measures of basic numerical processing, calculation, working memory, processing speed, and neurocognitive measures of attention. Results: Children with DD (DD, DD+AS) showed deficits in all basic numerical skills, calculation, working memory, and sustained attention. Children with AS (AS, DD+AS) displayed more selective difficulties in dot enumeration, subtraction, verbal working memory, and processing speed. Also, they generally performed more poorly in neurocognitive measures of attention, especially alertness. Children with DD+AS mostly showed an additive combination of the deficits associated with DD-only and A_Sonly, except for subtraction tasks, in which they were less impaired than expected. Conclusions: DD and AS appear to be related to largely distinct patterns of cognitive deficits, which are present in combination in children with DD+AS.


scholarly journals Event-Based Prospective Memory Deficit in Children with ADHD: Underlying Cognitive Factors and Association with Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5849
Author(s):  
Floriana Costanzo ◽  
Elisa Fucà ◽  
Deny Menghini ◽  
Antonella Rita Circelli ◽  
Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
The Road ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Event Based

Event-based prospective memory (PM) was investigated in children with Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), using a novel experimental procedure to evaluate the role of working memory (WM) load, attentional focus, and reward sensitivity. The study included 24 children with ADHD and 23 typically-developing controls. The experimental paradigm comprised one baseline condition (BC), only including an ongoing task, and four PM conditions, varying for targets: 1 Target (1T), 4 Targets (4T), Unfocal (UN), and Reward (RE). Children with ADHD were slower than controls on all PM tasks and less accurate on both ongoing and PM tasks on the 4T and UN conditions. Within the ADHD group, the accuracy in the RE condition did not differ from BC. A significant relationship between ADHD-related symptoms and reduced accuracy/higher speed in PM conditions (PM and ongoing trials), but not in BC, was detected. Our data provide insight on the adverse role of WM load and attentional focus and the positive influence of reward in the PM performance of children with ADHD. Moreover, the relation between PM and ADHD symptoms paves the road for PM as a promising neuropsychological marker for ADHD diagnosis and intervention.

scholarly journals Head motion in children with ADHD during resting-state brain imaging

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-zhen Kong
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Neural Imaging ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Motion Parameters

Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) has become an important method for analyzing the neural mechanisms underlying mental disorders. But studies targeting head motion during an rs-fMRI examination are rare. Since head motion may pollute the data in the neural imaging studies and further mislead the understanding of the causes of some disorders, systematic investigations on this topic were badly needed. To this end, in this study, children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and demographically-matched typically developing control (TDC) participants underwent an rs-fMRI examination. We obtained a summary motion index and six mean single head motion parameters (three translational and three rotational) for each participant. With the summary index, we found that motion was significantly increased in the ADHD group and the results showed that the increase was mainly contributed by the motion around and along the superior-to-inferior direction. Moreover, the classification analysis showed that these head motion parameters during scanning could accurately distinguish children with ADHD from the healthy control group. These results suggest that accounting for head motion during scanning may be helpful for ADHD diagnosis and treatment with neuroimaging.

scholarly journals Parenting Stress and Broader Phenotype in Parents of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Dyslexia or Typical Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Bonifacci ◽  
Laura Massi ◽  
Veronica Pignataro ◽  
Sara Zocco ◽  
Simona Chiodo
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Broader Phenotype ◽  
Reading History

In the present study parenting stress and the broader phenotype are investigated in two highly common developmental disorders, namely Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and specific reading impairment (dyslexia). Within a total sample of 130 parents, 27 were parents of children with ADHD (P-ADHD), 38 were parents of children with a diagnosis of dyslexia (P-DYS) and the other 65 participants were parents of children with typical development (P-TD). A battery of cognitive tasks was administered which included verbal and non-verbal Intellectual Quotient (IQ), reading speed (passage and nonwords), verbal fluency and the Attention Network Task (ANT). Reading history, symptoms of ADHD in adults and parenting stress were measured through questionnaires. Group differences evidenced that the P-DYS group had lower scores in the reading tasks, in the verbal fluency task and in the reading history questionnaire. Conversely, the P-ADHD group had more transversal cognitive weaknesses (IQ, reading tasks, verbal fluency) and the highest scores in parenting stress and ADHD symptoms, together with poor reading history. The groups did not differ in the ANT task. Parenting stress was predicted, on the whole sample, by lower socioeconomic status (SES) and number of family members and higher ADHD symptoms. Implications for research and clinical settings are discussed.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of a Test for ADHD Based on Binocular Rivalry

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Amador-Campos ◽  
J. Antonio Aznar-Casanova ◽  
Manuel Moreno-Sánchez ◽  
Antonio Medina-Peña ◽  
Juan Jairo Ortiz-Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Two Factors

AbstractThe psychometric properties of a Binocular Rivalry (BR)-based test on a group of 159 participants (57 with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD) aged between 6 and 15 years are presented. Two factors, which explained 56.82% of the variance, were obtained by exploratory factor analysis: (a) Alternations and Duration of exclusive dominances, and (b) Decision time. Reliability was excellent (Cronbach’s α = .834 and .884). The ADHD group showed fewer alternations and longer duration of dominances and decision time than the control group. Correlations between measures of BR, IQ, working memory, and processing speed of the WISC-IV, and ADHD symptoms, assessed by parents and teachers, ranged between low and medium.

Malingered Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales: Do Reasons for Malingering Matter?

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 552-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Cook ◽  
Melissa T. Buelow ◽  
Esther Lee ◽  
Ashley Howell ◽  
Brittni Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Extra Time ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adhd Rating Scales

Malingering is a significant assessment concern in adults undergoing evaluations for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and may occur for a number of reasons, including access to medication and/or accommodations. Therefore, it is important to investigate ways to determine accuracy of self-reported ADHD symptoms. The present study used a simulation design to examine the impact of reasons for malingering on the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) Symptom subscales and the CAARS infrequency index (CII). Participants ( N = 157) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: best effort, malingering for stimulant medication, or malingering for extra time accommodations. The three groups were compared with 34 individuals reporting previous diagnosis of ADHD. Results showed that individuals in both malingering groups scored higher than controls on all CAARS subscales and CII. Individuals in the medication malingering group, but not the extra time malingering group, scored higher than the ADHD group on CII and several CAARS subscales whose content overtly reflects ADHD symptomatology. Findings emphasize the influence of malingering on self-reported ADHD symptoms and the need to assess for malingering in ADHD evaluation. Results also suggest that reason for malingering might differentially affect self-report of ADHD symptoms.

Are attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms associated with a more severe course of substance use? A longitudinal study with young Swiss men

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S21-S21
Author(s):  
F. Moggi
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

IntroductionAdults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms show higher prevalence rates for substance use disorders (SUD).ObjectivesFew longitudinal studies have been conducted to observe the course of substance use among adults with ADHD.AimsThis study examined the predictive value of ADHD symptoms during the course of substance use in a population sample.MethodsIn two waves data from a representative sample of 5103 Swiss men in their early 20s were collected (baseline and 15-month follow-up) in the longitudinal “Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors” (C-SURF). ADHD symptoms and substance use were assessed using the adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) and self-administered SUD questionnaires, respectively. Individuals who screened positive for ADHD (ADHD+) were compared to those who screened negative (ADHD−).ResultsAt baseline, the 215 individuals in the ADHD+ group (4.2%) showed considerably higher prevalence and frequency of substance use and prevalence of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use disorders relative to the ADHD− group. While alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and heroin use remained stable from baseline to follow-up, the ADHD+ group was more likely to begin using illicit drugs (i.e. amphetamines, speed, ecstasy, hallucinogens, and cocaine) and initiate nonmedical use of prescription drugs (i.e. stimulants/amphetamines, hypnotics, and tranquilizers) relative to the ADHD− group.ConclusionsYoung men with ADHD symptoms displayed more severe substance use patterns and were at a high risk of initiating drug use within 15 months. The identification of ADHD symptoms during early adulthood may be relevant in early interventions to lower the risk of drug use.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Atypical alert state control in adult patients with ADHD: A pupillometry study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244662
Author(s):  
Aya Shirama ◽  
Toshinobu Takeda ◽  
Haruhisa Ohta ◽  
Akira Iwanami ◽  
Shigenobu Toda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
State Control ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Kinetics Of

Although behavioral studies have repeatedly demonstrated that individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have deficits in alertness, little is known about its underlying neural basis. It is hypothesized that pupil diameter reflects the firing of norepinephrine (NE) neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC), and that the LC-NE neuromodulatory system for regulating alertness may be dysfunctional in ADHD. To clinically and non-invasively examine this hypothesis, we monitored the kinetics of pupil diameter in response to stimuli and compared them between adults with ADHD (n = 17) and typically developing (TD) adults (n = 23) during an auditory continuous performance task. Individuals in the ADHD group exhibited a significantly larger tonic pupil diameter, and a suppressed stimulus-evoked phasic pupil dilation, compared to those in the TD group. These findings provide support for the idea that the aberrant regulatory control of pupil diameter in adults with ADHD may be consistent with a compromised state of alertness resulting from a hyperactivated LC-NE system.

Using Metacognitive Methods to Examine Emotion Recognition in Children With ADHD

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-257
Author(s):  
Alexandra Basile ◽  
Maggie E. Toplak ◽  
Brendan F. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Children With Adhd

Objective: This study investigated confidence accuracy associations for emotion recognition (ER) in children with ADHD and typically developing children (TD). Method: Thirty-nine children with ADHD and 42 TD ( M = 9 years, 11 months, SD = 14.92 months, 26 females) completed an ER task. Intelligence and executive function task performance were also measured. Results: The ADHD group was more confident on ER compared with TD, but no group differences were found on their overall accuracy. Specifically, the ADHD group was more confident in its recognition of sad and angry faces compared with the TD group. On a metacognitive index, the ADHD group displayed lower resolution, suggesting that the TD group was better at discriminating correct from incorrect responses. Higher resolution was associated with lower ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: Confidence ratings with reference to performance on a specific task can provide an index of social-cognition in children with ADHD.

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