Early consonant production in Tseltal and Yélî Dnye

Environmental Sensitivity ◽

Lexical Development ◽

Speech Input ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Linguistic Input

Recent evidence shows that children reach expected basic linguistic milestones in two rural Indigenous communities, Tseltal and Yélî Dnye, despite infrequent exposure to child-directed speech. However, those results were partly based on vocal maturity measures that are fairly robust to environmental variation, e.g. the onset of babbling. Directed speech input has been traditionally linked to lexical development, which is by contrast environmentally sensitive. We investigate the relation between child-directed speech and early phonological development in these two communities, focusing on a phonological benchmark that links children’s pre-lexical and early lexical development: the production of consonants. We find that, while Tseltal and Yélî children’s canonical babble onset align with previously attested patterns, their early consonant acquisition shows some divergence from prior expectations. These preliminary results suggest that early consonant production may demonstrate greater environmental sensitivity than canonical babble, possibly via similar mechanisms that link linguistic input and lexical development.

ON MODELING ENVIRONMENTALLY-SENSITIVE GROWTH FORMS AND CELLULAR AUTOMATA USING MULTISET TRANSFORMATION

Fractals ◽

10.1142/s0218348x96000625 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 04 (04) ◽

pp. 509-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

HUGH McEVOY ◽

JAAP A. KAANDORP

Keyword(s):

Cellular Automata ◽

Computational Model ◽

Geometric Constraints ◽

Growth Forms ◽

Environmental Sensitivity ◽

Growth Processes ◽

Artificial Structures ◽

Modeling Growth

We demonstrate the usefulness of multiset transformation for modeling growth processes which combine generational growth with environmental-sensitivity (such as photo-sensitivity and geometric constraints). Our examples are artificial structures with no immediate counterpart in physics and biology. However, our studies are intended to show the feasibility of multiset transformation for more realistic models. We show that multiset transformation is useful both as a formal and a computational model of growth processes.

Interactions between lexical and phonological development: cross-linguistic and contextual considerations – a commentary on Stoel-Gammon's ‘Relationships between lexical and phonological development in young children’

10.1017/s0305000910000449 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 69-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

KATHERINE DEMUTH

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Phonological Acquisition ◽

Additional Insight ◽

Lexical Development ◽

Linguistic Research ◽

Early Use ◽

The Relationship ◽

Insight Into ◽

Phonological System

Stoel-Gammon (this issue) provides a welcome addition to the phonological acquisition literature, bringing together insights from long-standing and more recent research to address the relationship between the developing phonological system and the developing lexicon. A growing literature on children's early use of words across languages and phonological contexts provides additional insight into the nature of the interactions between phonological and lexical development, suggesting that learners' knowledge and connection of the two may develop much earlier than often thought. This commentary highlights some of these exciting results from recent cross-linguistic research on development between the ages of 1 and 3.

Conclusion

Phonological Templates in Development ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198793564.003.0009 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 262-276

Author(s):

Marilyn May Vihman

Keyword(s):

Word Learning ◽

Lexical Development ◽

Template Model ◽

System Building ◽

Theoretical Approaches ◽

Data Analyses ◽

Prosodic Structures

This chapter reviews the phases of early phonological and lexical development, based on the analyses of early words and prosodic structures (Chs. 3, 4), templatic patterns (Chs. 3, 5, 6), and the replacement of templates by more adult-like forms (Ch. 6). The role of memory in the process of template formation is discussed, contrasting the template model of lexical development with other theoretical approaches. The emergence of system-building is then related to the discussion (Ch. 1) of current studies in adult word learning and the distinction between lexical configuration and lexical engagement. In a brief account of current models of phonological development particular attention is given to the recently disseminated A-map model, which emphasizes accuracy and child-to-adult continuity within an Optimality Theoretic perspective. In a concluding section the function of adult and child templates is discussed again, highlighting the similarities observed in our data analyses (Ch. 8).

Mechanisms linking phonological development to lexical development – a commentary on Stoel-Gammon's ‘Relationships between lexical and phonological development in young children’

10.1017/s0305000910000462 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 46-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

ERIKA HOFF ◽

MARISOL PARRA

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Child Language ◽

Lexical Development ◽

Target Article ◽

Wide Range ◽

Development Of Language ◽

Time Accuracy ◽

Prevailing View

When Roger Brown selected Adam, Eve and Sarah to be the first three participants in the modern study of child language, one of the criteria was the intelligibility of their speech (Brown, 1973). According to the prevailing view at the time, accuracy of pronunciation was a peripheral phenomenon that had nothing to do with the development of languagequalanguage. So why not study children who were easy to transcribe? One reason why not, according to Stoel-Gammon (SG; this issue), is that the difficulty of accurately producing sounds influences the words children acquire and the rate at which they acquire them. (It's true that Roger Brown's focus was on the child's acquisition of morphosyntax, but articulation was assumed to be peripheral to everything back then.) This interaction between the articulatory skill of children and phonological properties of words is just one of the mutual influences between phonology and the lexicon SG describes. In her target article, SG brings together data from a wide range of investigations to build an account of how phonology and the lexicon interact in development.

Early acquisition of verbs in Korean: a cross-linguistic study

10.1017/s0305000900009934 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 497-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 154

Author(s):

Soonja Choi ◽

Alison Gopnik

Keyword(s):

Single Word ◽

Lexical Development ◽

Korean Children ◽

Linguistic Study ◽

Korean Mothers ◽

Early Acquisition ◽

Linguistic Input ◽

Maternal Reports ◽

Action Verbs ◽

Do So

ABSTRACTThis cross-linguistic study investigates children's early lexical development in English and Korean, and compares caregivers' linguistic input in the two languages. In Study 1, the lexical development of nine Korean children was followed from 1;2 to 1;10 by monthly visits and maternal reports. These Korean data were compared to previously collected English longitudinal data. We find that: (1) Korean children as young as 1;3 use verbs productively with appropriate inflections. (2) Seven of the nine children show a verb spurt at around 1;7; for six of these children the verb spurt occurs before the noun spurt. No such early verb spurt is found in the English data. Unlike in English, both verbs and nouns in Korean are dominant categories from the single-word stage. (3) Korean children express language-specific distinctions of locative actions with verbs. Study 2, a crosslinguistic study of caregivers' input in English and Korean, shows that Korean mothers provide more action verbs but fewer object nouns than American mothers. Also, Korean mothers engage in activity-oriented discourse significantly more than American mothers. Our study suggests that verbs are accessible to children from the beginning, and that they may be acquired early in children who are encouraged to do so by their language-specific grammar and input.

The effect of perceptual similarity and linguistic input on children's acquisition of object labels

10.1017/s0305000997003218 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 695-717 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

GIL DIESENDRUCK ◽

MARILYN SHATZ

Keyword(s):

Word Meaning ◽

Semantic Relations ◽

Perceptual Similarity ◽

Linguistic Information ◽

Lexical Development ◽

New Words ◽

Linguistic Input

This study investigated whether and when children establish various semantic relations between old and new words. Fifty two-year-olds were taught labels for objects previously referred to by an overextended term. We found that children were more likely to learn a new label when (a) it referred to a new object that was perceptually dissimilar, rather than similar, to a known one, and (b) when linguistic information indicated it had an inclusion, rather than a mutually exclusive, relation to a known label. Children were more likely to interpret a new label as mutually exclusive to a known one when their referents were perceptually dissimilar. These findings are discussed in light of theories of lexical development, particularly with regard to conceptualizations of constraints on the acquisition of word meaning.

Questioning the role of lexical contrastiveness in phonological development: Converging evidence from perception and production studies

The Canadian Journal of Linguistics / La revue canadienne de linguistique ◽

10.1017/cnj.2018.12 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 580-608

Author(s):

Yvan Rose ◽

Sarah Blackmore

Keyword(s):

Speech Perception ◽

Lexical Development ◽

Production Studies ◽

Phonological Contrast ◽

Relative Independence ◽

Infant Speech Perception ◽

Perceptual Abilities ◽

Phonological Contrasts

AbstractIn this article, we address relations between lexical and phonological development, with an emphasis on the notion of phonological contrast. We begin with an overview of the literature on word learning and on infant speech perception. Among other results, we report on studies showing that toddlers’ perceptual abilities do not correlate with the development of phonological contrasts within their lexicons. We then engage in a systematic comparison between the lexical development of two child learners of English and their acquisition of consonants in syllable onsets. We establish a developmental timeline for each child's onset consonant system, which we compare to the types of phonological contrasts that are present in their expressive vocabularies at each relevant milestone. Like the earlier studies, ours also fails to return tangible parallels between the two areas of development. The data instead suggest that patterns of phonological development are best described in terms of the segmental categories they involve, in relative independence from measures of contrastiveness within the learners’ lexicons.

Role of adult input in young children's category evolution. I. An observational study

10.1017/s0305000900012368 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 257-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Carolyn B. Mervis ◽

Cynthia A. Mervis

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Observational Study ◽

Minor Role ◽

Production Testing ◽

Lexical Development ◽

Observational Methodology ◽

Object A ◽

Linguistic Input ◽

A Minor

ABSTRACTThree factors have been hypothesized to play an important role in the reduction of children's initial overextensions: spontaneous adult use of the correct label, correction of the child's errors, and demonstration of the important attributes that make an object a member of its adult category. The role of these factors was examined in relation to data collected from a longitudinal study of early lexical development. This study used an observational methodology combined with systematic comprehension and production testing. Results indicated that demonstrations were the most important factor in inducing toddlers to assign an object to its adult category. The question of why purely linguistic input initially plays a minor role in changing children's categories is discussed.

The threat of road expansion in the Peruvian Amazon

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605317000412 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 284-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Geoffrey R. Gallice ◽

Gustavo Larrea-Gallegos ◽

Ian Vázquez-Rowe

Keyword(s):

Land Use Planning ◽

Large Scale ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Buffer Zones ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

International Commitments ◽

The Common ◽

Key Drivers ◽

Manu National Park

AbstractThe construction of roads and other large-scale infrastructure projects, and the secondary impacts they precipitate, are among the key drivers of change in tropical forests. The proposed expansion of a road in the buffer zones of Peru's Manu National Park and Amarakaeri Communal Reserve, in the country's Amazon region, threatens biodiversity and indigenous communities in one of the world's most species-rich and environmentally sensitive rainforest areas. In particular, road expansion is likely to result in uncontrolled colonization, deforestation, and the illicit extraction of timber and other natural resources, as well as an increase in social conflict between resource extractors and indigenous communities. Furthermore, the development of infrastructure in the Manu region puts at risk Peru's international commitments regarding climate change by promoting, rather than avoiding, forest loss. A number of viable alternatives to further road expansion are available to achieve economic development and improved mobility in Manu, including agricultural intensification, improved land-use planning, and a less invasive transportation infrastructure. Given the growth in the global road network expected in the coming decades, as well as the common factors underlying the expansion of such infrastructure across tropical, developing countries, the issues surrounding road expansion in Manu and the compromise solutions that we propose are broadly applicable to efforts to achieve sustainable development in other remote, tropical regions.

Identification and Mapping of Environmentally Sensitive Areas of the Coastal Strip of Guilan Province

Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research ◽

10.32598/jaehr.9.1.1206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 69-78

Author(s):

Sadigheh Jahangiri ◽

◽

Mahnaz Mirza Ebrahim Tehrani ◽

Masoud Torabi Azad ◽

Seyed Ali Jozi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Spills ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Field Studies ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Environmental Sensitivity ◽

Sensitive Areas ◽

Environmentally Sensitive Areas ◽

Guilan Province ◽

Coastal Strip

Background: Oil spills caused by releasing liquid petroleum can spread on the coastal strip and affect coastal ecosystems, causing severe damage to the coastline environment and crisis in local communities. This study aimed to identify and map the environmentally sensitive areas of the coastal strip of Guilan Province, Iran, to oil spills using the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI). Methods: The data required for the present study were collected through field studies, the GPS device, topographic maps of 1.25000 of the National Mapping Organization, maps of protected areas of the Environmental Protection Organization, satellite images, data of Guilan Province Industry, Mine and Trade Organization, and other relevant agencies. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) method and ESI were used to determine the sensitivity of the coastal strip of Guilan Province to oil spills. Moreover, to determine the weights of the criteria studied in the NOAA method, the analytic hierarchy process was used. Results: The final results of the study of the environmental sensitivity of the coastal strip of Guilan Province to oil spills showed that 21.15%, 39.66%, and 39.19% of the coastal strip have low, medium, and high sensitivity, respectively. Conclusion: High sensitivity mainly was related to the eastern part of the coast, located at the banks of estuaries of current rivers. Low sensitivity was also located along the seafront on fine- to medium-grained sand beaches, where less damaged in the event of oil spill pollution.