scholarly journals When open data closes the door: Problematising a one size fits all approach to open data in journal submission guidelines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annayah Miranda Beatrice Prosser ◽  
Richard Hamshaw ◽  
Johanna Meyer ◽  
Ralph Bagnall ◽  
Leda Blackwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
Journal Policies ◽  
Data Requirements ◽  
Current Journal

Opening data promises to improve research rigour and democratise knowledge production. But it also poses practical, theoretical, and ethical risks for qualitative research. Despite discussion about open data in qualitative social psychology predating the replication crisis, the nuances of this discussion have not been translated into current journal policies. Through a content analysis of 261 journals in the domain of social psychology, we establish the state of current journal policies for open data. We critically discuss how these expectations may not be adequate for establishing qualitative rigour, can introduce ethical challenges, and may place those who wish to use qualitative approaches at a disadvantage in peer review and publication processes. We assert that open data requirements should include clearer guidelines that reflect the nuance of data sharing in qualitative research, and move away from a universal ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach to data sharing.

scholarly journals Editorial Essay: The Tumult over Transparency: Decoupling Transparency from Replication in Establishing Trustworthy Qualitative Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Pratt ◽  
Sarah Kaplan ◽  
Richard Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Experimental Social Psychology ◽  
Research Management ◽  
The Core ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Core Issues ◽  
Editorial Essay

Management journals are currently responding to challenges raised by the “replication crisis” in experimental social psychology, leading to new standards for transparency. These approaches are spilling over to qualitative research in unhelpful and potentially even dangerous ways. Advocates for transparency in qualitative research mistakenly couple it with replication. Tying transparency tightly to replication is deeply troublesome for qualitative research, where replication misses the point of what the work seeks to accomplish. We suggest that transparency advocates conflate replication with trustworthiness. We challenge this conflation on both ontological and methodological grounds, and we offer alternatives for how to (and how not to) think about trustworthiness in qualitative research. Management journals need to tackle the core issues raised by this tumult over transparency by identifying solutions for enhanced trustworthiness that recognize the unique strengths and considerations of different methodological approaches in our field.

scholarly journals The statistical crisis in science: How is it relevant to clinical neuropsychology?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
andrew gelman
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
Good Scientific Practice ◽  
Replication Crisis

There is currently a statistical (and replication) crisis in science. Social psychology has been at the heart of this crisis, but the lessons learned are relevant for other fields. We discuss three examples of replication challenges and some proposed solutions, and then consider the applicability of these ideas to clinical neuropsychology. In addition to procedural developments such as preregistration and open data and criticism, we recommend that data be collected and analyzed with more recognition that each new study is a part of a learning process. The goal of improving neuropsychological assessment, care, and cure is too important to not take good scientific practice seriously.

scholarly journals Journal Data Sharing Policies and Statistical Reporting Inconsistencies in Psychology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele B. Nuijten ◽  
Jeroen Borghuis ◽  
Coosje Lisabet Sterre Veldkamp ◽  
Linda Dominguez Alvarez ◽  
Marcel A. L. M. van Assen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Statistical Errors ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Journal Policies

In this paper, we present three retrospective observational studies that investigate the relation between data sharing and statistical reporting inconsistencies. Previous research found that reluctance to share data was related to a higher prevalence of statistical errors, often in the direction of statistical significance (Wicherts, Bakker, & Molenaar, 2011). We therefore hypothesized that journal policies about data sharing and data sharing itself would reduce these inconsistencies. In Study 1, we compared the prevalence of reporting inconsistencies in two similar journals on decision making with different data sharing policies. In Study 2, we compared reporting inconsistencies in psychology articles published in PLOS journals (with a data sharing policy) and Frontiers in Psychology (without a stipulated data sharing policy). In Study 3, we looked at papers published in the journal Psychological Science to check whether papers with or without an Open Practice Badge differed in the prevalence of reporting errors. Overall, we found no relationship between data sharing and reporting inconsistencies. We did find that journal policies on data sharing are extremely effective in promoting data sharing. We argue that open data is essential in improving the quality of psychological science, and we discuss ways to detect and reduce reporting inconsistencies in the literature.

scholarly journals Protecting User Privacy and Rights in Academic Data-Sharing Partnerships: Principles From a Pilot Program at Crisis Text Line (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R Pisani ◽  
Nitya Kanuri ◽  
Bob Filbin ◽  
Carlos Gallo ◽  
Madelyn Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Pilot Program ◽  
Text Line ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Academic Researchers

UNSTRUCTURED Data sharing between technology companies and academic health researchers has multiple health care, scientific, social, and business benefits. Many companies remain wary about such sharing because of unaddressed concerns about ethics, data security, logistics, and public relations. Without guidance on these issues, few companies are willing to take on the potential work and risks involved in noncommercial data sharing, and the scientific and societal potential of their data goes unrealized. In this paper, we describe the 18-month long pilot of a data-sharing program led by Crisis Text Line (CTL), a not-for-profit technology company that provides a free 24/7 text line for people in crisis. The primary goal of the data-sharing pilot was to design, develop, and implement a rigorous framework of principles and protocols for the safe and ethical sharing of user data. CTL used a stakeholder-based policy process to develop a feasible and ethical data-sharing program. The process comprised forming a data ethics committee; identifying policy challenges and solutions; announcing the program and generating interest; and revising the policy and launching the program. Once the pilot was complete, CTL examined how well the program ran and compared it with other potential program models before putting in place the program that was most suitable for its organizational needs. By drawing on CTL’s experiences, we have created a 3-step set of guidelines for other organizations that wish to develop their own data-sharing program with academic researchers. The guidelines explain how to (1) determine the value and suitability of the data and organization for creating a data-sharing program; (2) decide on an appropriate data sharing and collaboration model; and (3) develop protocols and technical solutions for safe and ethical data sharing and the best organizational structure for implementing the program. An internal evaluation determined that the pilot satisfied CTL’s goals of sharing scientific data and protecting client confidentiality. The policy development process also yielded key principles and protocols regarding the ethical challenges involved in data sharing that can be applied by other organizations. Finally, CTL’s internal review of the pilot program developed a number of alternative models for sharing data that will suit a range of organizations with different priorities and capabilities. In implementing and studying this pilot program, CTL aimed both to optimize its own future data-sharing programs and to inform similar decisions made by others. Open data programs are both important and feasible to establish. With careful planning and appropriate resources, data sharing between big data companies and academic researchers can advance their shared mission to benefit society and improve lives.

Qualitative approaches to clinician–patient communication

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Patient Communication ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Inductive Research ◽  
Health And Illness

Data collection techniques and qualitative approaches to analysis are described, along with relevant empirical studies of provider-patient communication in oncology and palliative care. A variety of frameworks are reviewed (ethnography, focus groups, grounded theory, conversation analysis, postmodernism), with differences in scope, focus, or fundamental philosophy addressed, along with the value of each approach for inductive research. Whatever the philosophical grounding researchers gravitate towards, these approaches are all interested in patients’ and practitioners’ beliefs, practices, and understandings of health and illness. They are attempting to derive participants’ understandings from the researcher’s detailed observation, description, and analysis of behaviour and artefacts. In addition to covering several qualitative approaches, the chapter also reflects on the ethical challenges facing researchers engaged in field-based studies. Finally, a brief discussion is offered concerning the trade-offs between reliability and validity in qualitative research.

Studying Globalization at Home

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Cultural Narratives ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Interpretive Methods ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
At Home

This chapter documents the ethnographic context in which the interviews and participant observation were conducted for the study presented in this book. It also situates the study within the context of narrative inquiry and develops arguments about the role of self-reflexivity in doing ethnography at “home” and producing qualitative forms of knowledge that are based on personal, experiential, and cultural narratives. It is argued that there is significant interest in the adoption of interpretive methods or qualitative research in psychology. The qualitative approaches in psychology present a provocative and complex vision of how the key concepts related to describing and interpreting cultural codes, social practices, and lived experience of others are suffused with both poetical and political elements of culture. The epistemological and ontological assumptions undergirding qualitative research reflect multiple “practices of inquiry” and methodologies that have different orientations, assumptions, values, ideologies, and criterion of excellence.

Qualitative Approaches in Internet-Mediated Research: Opportunities, Issues, Possibilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 632-673
Author(s):  
Claire Hewson
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Good Design ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Research Domains

Internet-mediated research (IMR) has grown expansively since the start of the 21st Century in scope, range of methodological possibilities, and breadth of penetration across disciplines and research domains. However, the use of IMR approaches to support qualitative research has lagged behind its application in supporting quantitative methods. This chapter discusses the possibilities of using IMR methods in qualitative research and considers the issues and debates that have led some qualitative researchers to be reluctant to consider IMR as a viable alternative to traditional offline methods. The chapter adopts an optimistic stance on the potential for qualitative IMR and outlines a range of possible methods and strategies, as well as examples of successful (and less successful) studies. Practical advice on tools, procedures, and guidelines for good design practice is offered. A comment on likely future scope, methods, emerging techniques, and developments in qualitative IMR is presented.

Feminist Qualitative Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 199-242
Author(s):  
Maureen C. McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Power Analysis ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Feminist Research ◽  
Double Consciousness ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Gender Oppression ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Women's Lives

Feminist research is described in terms of its purposes of addressing women’s lives, advocacy for women, analysis of gender oppression, working for social justice, and transformation of society. Feminist critiques of social science research are reviewed in relation to the development of methodological and epistemological positions. Feminist research is viewed as contributing to the transformation of science from empiricism to postmodernism. Reflexivity, collaboration, power analysis, and advocacy are discussed as common practices of feminist qualitative research. Several qualitative approaches to research are described in relation to feminist research goals, with illustrations of feminist research included. Validity and voice are identified as particular challenges in the conduct of feminist qualitative research. Intersectionality and double consciousness are reviewed as feminist contributions to the transformation of science. Some emerging and innovative forms of feminist qualitative research are highlighted in relation to potential future directions.

scholarly journals Data Dentistry: How Data Are Changing Clinical Care and Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110202
Author(s):  
F. Schwendicke ◽  
J. Krois
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Open Data ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Data User ◽  
Regulatory Data ◽  
Consumer Data

Data are a key resource for modern societies and expected to improve quality, accessibility, affordability, safety, and equity of health care. Dental care and research are currently transforming into what we term data dentistry, with 3 main applications: 1) medical data analysis uses deep learning, allowing one to master unprecedented amounts of data (language, speech, imagery) and put them to productive use. 2) Data-enriched clinical care integrates data from individual (e.g., demographic, social, clinical and omics data, consumer data), setting (e.g., geospatial, environmental, provider-related data), and systems level (payer or regulatory data to characterize input, throughput, output, and outcomes of health care) to provide a comprehensive and continuous real-time assessment of biologic perturbations, individual behaviors, and context. Such care may contribute to a deeper understanding of health and disease and a more precise, personalized, predictive, and preventive care. 3) Data for research include open research data and data sharing, allowing one to appraise, benchmark, pool, replicate, and reuse data. Concerns and confidence into data-driven applications, stakeholders’ and system’s capabilities, and lack of data standardization and harmonization currently limit the development and implementation of data dentistry. Aspects of bias and data-user interaction require attention. Action items for the dental community circle around increasing data availability, refinement, and usage; demonstrating safety, value, and usefulness of applications; educating the dental workforce and consumers; providing performant and standardized infrastructure and processes; and incentivizing and adopting open data and data sharing.

scholarly journals Fengyun Meteorological Satellite Products for Earth System Science Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Xian ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Ling Gao ◽  
Ruijing Sun ◽  
Haizhen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Inversion Algorithm

AbstractFollowing the progress of satellite data assimilation in the 1990s, the combination of meteorological satellites and numerical models has changed the way scientists understand the earth. With the evolution of numerical weather prediction models and earth system models, meteorological satellites will play a more important role in earth sciences in the future. As part of the space-based infrastructure, the Fengyun (FY) meteorological satellites have contributed to earth science sustainability studies through an open data policy and stable data quality since the first launch of the FY-1A satellite in 1988. The capability of earth system monitoring was greatly enhanced after the second-generation polar orbiting FY-3 satellites and geostationary orbiting FY-4 satellites were developed. Meanwhile, the quality of the products generated from the FY-3 and FY-4 satellites is comparable to the well-known MODIS products. FY satellite data has been utilized broadly in weather forecasting, climate and climate change investigations, environmental disaster monitoring, etc. This article reviews the instruments mounted on the FY satellites. Sensor-dependent level 1 products (radiance data) and inversion algorithm-dependent level 2 products (geophysical parameters) are introduced. As an example, some typical geophysical parameters, such as wildfires, lightning, vegetation indices, aerosol products, soil moisture, and precipitation estimation have been demonstrated and validated by in-situ observations and other well-known satellite products. To help users access the FY products, a set of data sharing systems has been developed and operated. The newly developed data sharing system based on cloud technology has been illustrated to improve the efficiency of data delivery.

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