The social function of rationalization: An identity perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Joseph Van Bavel ◽  
Anni Sternisko ◽  
Elizabeth Ann Harris ◽  
Claire Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Additional Function ◽  
The Social

In this commentary, we offer an additional function of rationalization. Namely, in certain social contexts, the proximal and ultimate function of beliefs and desires is social inclusion. In such contexts, rationalization often facilitates distortion of rather than approximation to truth. Understanding social identity is not only timely and important, but critical to fully understand the function(s) of rationalization.

The social function of rationalization: An identity perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay J. Van Bavel ◽  
Anni Sternisko ◽  
Elizabeth Harris ◽  
Claire Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Additional Function ◽  
The Social

Abstract In this commentary, we offer an additional function of rationalization. Namely, in certain social contexts, the proximal and ultimate function of beliefs and desires is social inclusion. In such contexts, rationalization often facilitates distortion of rather than approximation to truth. Understanding the role of social identity is not only timely and important, but also critical to fully understand the function(s) of rationalization.

Football Manager as a Persuasive Game for Social Identity Formation

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda K. Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Simulation Game ◽  
Group Affiliation ◽  
Interesting Insight ◽  
The Social ◽  
Persuasive Game ◽  
The Way

This case illustrates the way in which the football management simulation game, Football Manager (Sports Interactive), enhances the processes through which players formulate their social identities, which extend beyond the boundaries of gameplay itself. The case discusses the findings of my interviews with Football Manager players, which provides an in-depth examination of experiences associated with the game, both during gameplay and the way in which it functions within the wider social contexts of their lives. I discuss these findings in relation to social identity theory (Tajfel, 1978, 1979; Tajfel & Turner, 1979), through the way in which the game promotes players' sense of in-group affiliation, as well as promoting positive shared experiences between players. In this way, the current case presents an interesting insight into the social functions of the game and its role within the social narratives and identities of its players. From this, I conclude the utility of Football Manager as a persuasive game for formulating players' social identities, which may lead to further positive social impacts.

Reward, Affiliation, and Dominance Smiles are Associated with Distinct Mental Content

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared Martin ◽  
Adrienne Wood ◽  
William Taylor Laimaka Cox ◽  
Scott Sievert ◽  
Robert Nowak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Content ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Facial Movements ◽  
The Social ◽  
One Step

The present work advances the science of the smile by investigating how perceivers mentally represent this heterogenous expression. Across both perception- and production-based tasks, we report evidence that perceivers mentally represent reward, affiliation, and dominance smiles as distinct categories associated with specific behaviors, social contexts, and facial movements. Study 1 demonstrates that perceivers expect to behave differently in response to each type of smile when embedded in a simulated economic game. Study 2 demonstrates that perceivers use distinct words to describe the social contexts in which they anticipate encountering each type of smile. Study 3 demonstrates that producers use distinct facial movements when prompted with social contexts related to the theorized social function of each smile. Taken together, the present findings support the conclusion that reward, affiliation, and dominance smiles are mentally represented as distinct categories, bringing us one step closer to understanding smiles as nuanced social signals.

Understanding and Measuring the Social Inclusion of Syrian Refugees in Istanbul: The Case of Zeytinburnu

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-320
Author(s):  
Nilüfer Narli ◽  
Mine Özaşçılar
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
City District

Abstract Based on survey data collected during 2016–2017 from 380 Syrians in Zeytinburnu, an inner-city district of Istanbul, Turkey, this article uses multidimensional scaling to measure their social inclusion. The study shows how the level of social inclusion, treated as a dependent variable, changes with the refugees’ age, gender, education level, length of stay in Zeytinburnu, and health conditions. The sampled Syrians had high social inclusion index scores despite facing precarity at the time of survey. This study suggests that refugee-friendly social contexts and policies can improve social inclusion.

scholarly journals POSTHUMANISM AND ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES: ON THE SOCIAL INCLUSION/EXCLUSION OF LOW-TECH CYBORGS

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 679-703
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Kath ◽  
Osorio Coelho Guimarães Neto ◽  
Marcelo El Khouri Buzato
Keyword(s):  
Physical Disability ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
The Self ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Impaired Person ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT In this paper, we elaborate on the consequences of a post-humanist perspective to the problem of physical disability by approaching the use of assistive technologies (AT) by disabled people as the introduction of a low-tech cyborg in the world. In doing so, we highlight examples of communication ATs and provide analogies between ATs and languages in the constitution of selves and social contexts. ATs are informed ideologically, so they can be seen both as a way to “fix” an “impaired” person, or as a strategy to overcome a physical and social context that disables some people and makes other people “able-bodied”. We argue that becoming a low-tech cyborg can be a form of social inclusion if we understand disability to be produced by the context, rather than as an inherent dysfunctionality of the individual. Based on this assumption, we identify two strategies of social inclusion of the low-tech cyborg: disembodiment of the Self, and embodied virtuality. We remark, however, that low-tech cyborgs can be configured out of necessity or choice and add that the same socioeconomic factors that produce inequality in general are also active in the social exclusion/inclusion of the low-tech cyborg. Thus, ATs can be adopted and transformed by choice so as to broaden the gap between cyborg haves and have nots, while both kinds of cyborgs can become increasingly subject to cognitive and affective exploitation in the context of cognitive capitalism. We conclude that the potential of a post-humanist perspective to disability should not be about making “impaired humans” integer, nor making “integer humans” more than human, but keeping selves ethically connected with others whether by virtual embodiment or embodied virtuality.

scholarly journals Predicting collective action tendencies among Filipina domestic workers in Lebanon: Integrating the Social Identity Model of Collective Action and the role of fear

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 967-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Adra ◽  
Charles Harb ◽  
Mengyao Li ◽  
Anna Baumert
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Underrepresented Populations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
Political Actions ◽  
Action Tendencies

This study examined factors underlying collective action tendencies in a context of severe disadvantage and high repression. Drawing on the Social Identity Model of Collective Action (SIMCA; van Zomeren, Postmes, & Spears, 2008), we tested the roles of group-based anger, participative efficacy, group identity—SIMCA variables—but also fear. Although SIMCA has been widely used in various social contexts, little is known about how well it applies to severely disadvantaged groups in highly repressive situations. In the study of female Filipina domestic workers ( N = 123) in Beirut, Lebanon, results provided partial support for SIMCA, such that identity indirectly and positively predicted collective action intentions via efficacy, but not anger. Importantly, fear modulated the paths from anger and efficacy to collective action intentions. Efficacy and anger positively predicted collective action tendencies among individuals low, but not high, in fear. These findings attest to the importance of studying political actions among underrepresented populations.

Football Manager as a Persuasive Game for Social Identity Formation

Gamification ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 1421-1432
Author(s):  
Linda K. Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Simulation Game ◽  
Group Affiliation ◽  
Interesting Insight ◽  
The Social ◽  
Persuasive Game ◽  
The Way

This case illustrates the way in which the football management simulation game, Football Manager (Sports Interactive), enhances the processes through which players formulate their social identities, which extend beyond the boundaries of gameplay itself. The case discusses the findings of my interviews with Football Manager players, which provides an in-depth examination of experiences associated with the game, both during gameplay and the way in which it functions within the wider social contexts of their lives. I discuss these findings in relation to social identity theory (Tajfel, 1978, 1979; Tajfel & Turner, 1979), through the way in which the game promotes players' sense of in-group affiliation, as well as promoting positive shared experiences between players. In this way, the current case presents an interesting insight into the social functions of the game and its role within the social narratives and identities of its players. From this, I conclude the utility of Football Manager as a persuasive game for formulating players' social identities, which may lead to further positive social impacts.

scholarly journals Power posture effects on approach and avoidance decisions in response to social threat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Metzler ◽  
Emma Vilarem ◽  
Adrian Petschen ◽  
Julie Grèzes
Keyword(s):  
Social Power ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Threat ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Impact Action ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
The Social

Individuals’ opportunities for action in threatening social contexts largely depend on their social power. While powerful individuals can afford to confront aggressors and dangers, powerless individuals need others’ support and better avoid direct challenges. Here, we investigated if adopting expansive or constrictive postures, which function as social signals of power, impacts individuals’ approach and avoidance decisions in response to social threat signals using a within-subject design. Overall, participants more often chose to avoid rather than to approach angry individuals, but showed no clear approach or avoidance preference for fearful individuals. Crucially, constrictive posture considerably increased the tendency to avoid angry individuals, whereas expansive postures induced no substantial changes. This suggests that adopting power-related postures can impact action decisions in response to social threat signals. The present results emphasize the social function of power postures and are discussed in the context of the debate on the replicability of power posture effects.

scholarly journals THE FUNCTION OF SOCIAL POLICY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION IN EXPLANING THE GENERAL ECONOMIC EQUILIBRIUM

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
I. Radionova
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
Monetary Authorities ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Construction Model ◽  
General Economic Equilibrium

The article substantiates the function of social policy as such, which reflects the actual social value – social inclusion. Thus, it draws attention to the differences between this approach and other approaches to the social function that have already been implemented in economic science. The content of social inclusion is considered from the perspective of its background (set of economic, technological, humanitarian, managerial reasons) and several main forms of manifestation. Participation of citizens of the country in the distribution and redistribution of national incomes, in labor / business activity, in public management of communities is considered as such forms of manifestation. The article presents the social function equation (DI) as a nonlinear relationship between output and income differentiation. The latter (income differentiation) has been interpreted as partially able to detect the level of inclusion. It has verified the assumptions about the possibility of presenting a social function through social inclusion, according to panel data of statistics of EU countries for the period 2014 – 2018. Herewith, the data on GDP per capita and Gini coefficient, Income share ratio have become the object of analysis. The social function has been implemented into the theoretical construction – model IS-LM-DI. The latter forms the theoretical basis for explaining the interaction of the three policies – financial, monetary and social – for the sake of moving toward a general equilibrium. A graphical interpretation of the model IS-LM-DI has been provided. The considered model generalizes two possible variants of combining stimulating actions of the financial and monetary authorities of the country with the actions of social regulators, which are aimed at overcoming exclusion, alienating, and respectively, at achieving social inclusion.

scholarly journals O papel do sotaque nas relações intergrupais: apresentação de uma área de pesquisa

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Elayne Cunha Souza ◽  
Leoncio Camino ◽  
Tiago Jessé Souza Lima ◽  
Ana Beatriz Gomes Fontenele
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Social Categorization ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
The Social ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Definition Of

RESUMO: O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão teórica sobre o estudo do sotaque e sua influência nas relações intergrupais dentro da Psicologia Social. Nesse sentido, analisamos a definição de sotaque e sua centralidade já nos primeiros anos de vida, discutimos sobre o mito de uma língua padrão e apresentamos as principais metodologias no estudo do sotaque.  Além disso, analisamos o processo de avaliação dos sotaques, evidenciando a importância que eles têm para a identidade social dos indivíduos, para desencadear o processo de categorização social e formação de estereótipos e, consequentemente, na discriminação em diversos contextos sociais contra falantes de sotaques considerados fora do padrão. Finalmente, analisamos diferentes interpretações acerca da atribuição de valor negativo a falantes de sotaques considerados fora do padrão e propomos que essa avaliação negativa do sotaque funciona como uma justificação aparentemente neutra utilizada por indivíduos preconceituosos para discriminar falantes de sotaques não padrão, ou seja, os membros de grupos minoritários. Deste modo, defendemos que o estigma do sotaque per se não leva à discriminação, isso só vai ocorrer naqueles indivíduos que já tenham uma representação negativa do grupo alvo.Palavras-chave: sotaque; relações intergrupais; preconceito; discriminação; legitimação.ABSTRACT: This article presents a theoretical review on the study of the accent and its influence on intergroup relations within Social Psychology. In this sense, we analyze the definition of an accent and its centrality already in the first years of life, we discuss about the myth of a standard language and present the main methodologies in the study of the accent. In addition, we analyze the process of assessment of accents, highlighting the importance its have for the social identity of individuals, to trigger the process of social categorization and stereotyping and, consequently, discrimination in various social contexts against speakers of accents considered non-standard. Finally, we analyze different interpretations of negative evaluations of speakers of accents considered non-standard and propose that this negative assessment of accent works as a seemingly neutral justification used by prejudiced individuals to discriminate non-standard accent speakers, that is, the minority groups. In this way, we argue that the accent stigma per se does not lead to discrimination, this will only occur in those individuals who already have a negative representation of the target group.Keywords: accent; intergroup relations; prejudice; discrimination; legitimacy.

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