scholarly journals O papel do sotaque nas relações intergrupais: apresentação de uma área de pesquisa

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Elayne Cunha Souza ◽  
Leoncio Camino ◽  
Tiago Jessé Souza Lima ◽  
Ana Beatriz Gomes Fontenele
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Social Categorization ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
The Social ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Definition Of

RESUMO: O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão teórica sobre o estudo do sotaque e sua influência nas relações intergrupais dentro da Psicologia Social. Nesse sentido, analisamos a definição de sotaque e sua centralidade já nos primeiros anos de vida, discutimos sobre o mito de uma língua padrão e apresentamos as principais metodologias no estudo do sotaque.  Além disso, analisamos o processo de avaliação dos sotaques, evidenciando a importância que eles têm para a identidade social dos indivíduos, para desencadear o processo de categorização social e formação de estereótipos e, consequentemente, na discriminação em diversos contextos sociais contra falantes de sotaques considerados fora do padrão. Finalmente, analisamos diferentes interpretações acerca da atribuição de valor negativo a falantes de sotaques considerados fora do padrão e propomos que essa avaliação negativa do sotaque funciona como uma justificação aparentemente neutra utilizada por indivíduos preconceituosos para discriminar falantes de sotaques não padrão, ou seja, os membros de grupos minoritários. Deste modo, defendemos que o estigma do sotaque per se não leva à discriminação, isso só vai ocorrer naqueles indivíduos que já tenham uma representação negativa do grupo alvo.Palavras-chave: sotaque; relações intergrupais; preconceito; discriminação; legitimação.ABSTRACT: This article presents a theoretical review on the study of the accent and its influence on intergroup relations within Social Psychology. In this sense, we analyze the definition of an accent and its centrality already in the first years of life, we discuss about the myth of a standard language and present the main methodologies in the study of the accent. In addition, we analyze the process of assessment of accents, highlighting the importance its have for the social identity of individuals, to trigger the process of social categorization and stereotyping and, consequently, discrimination in various social contexts against speakers of accents considered non-standard. Finally, we analyze different interpretations of negative evaluations of speakers of accents considered non-standard and propose that this negative assessment of accent works as a seemingly neutral justification used by prejudiced individuals to discriminate non-standard accent speakers, that is, the minority groups. In this way, we argue that the accent stigma per se does not lead to discrimination, this will only occur in those individuals who already have a negative representation of the target group.Keywords: accent; intergroup relations; prejudice; discrimination; legitimacy.

United We Stand

2020 ◽  
pp. 174-208
Author(s):  
Dominic D. P. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Rwandan Genocide ◽  
Balkan Wars

This chapter examines the strategic advantages of the in-group/out-group bias. It discusses people that have a powerful tendency to favor their own in-group and its members, while disparaging out-groups and their members. It also clarifies the strength and prevalence of the in-group/out-group bias that forms a bedrock foundation in social psychology and is critical to social identity and intergroup relations. The chapter investigates how group prejudices can have appalling human consequences in the bias's contribution to the oppression of minority groups, ethnic conflict, and genocide. It highlights the implication of the role of the in-group/out-group bias in fanning the flames of the Balkan wars, the Rwandan genocide, and the Israeli Palestinian conflict.

Social Psychological Approaches to Intergroup Communication

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine H. Greenaway ◽  
Cindy Gallois ◽  
S. Alexander Haslam
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Intergroup Communication ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Communication and social psychology have much in common. Both fields seek to answer basic questions about human behavior: how do we persuade and influence others? How do we develop and maintain social connections? When and why do relationships break down? But despite overlap in the questions they ask, social psychology and communication have remained remarkably separate disciplines, with vastly different research philosophies, methods, and audiences. It is important to interrogate the theoretical threads connecting communication and social psychology in the arena of intergroup communication, in order to bring the lenses of both fields to this arena. In particular, the construct of identity is woven through communication and social psychology research, and connects both fields to intergroup relations and communication. Paradoxically, issues of identity—how it is created, shaped, and signaled by the social contexts we inhabit—are frequently overlooked in both fields; in the future, there should and will be much more emphasis on the impact of identity in intergroup communication.

Personality and Social Contexts as Sources of Change and Continuity Across the Life Span

2018 ◽  
pp. 750-776
Author(s):  
Abigail J. Stewart ◽  
Kay Deaux
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Movement Participation

This chapter provides a framework designed to address how individual persons respond to changes and continuities in social systems and historical circumstances at different life stages and in different generations. We include a focus on systematic differences among the people who experience these changes in the social environment—differences both in the particular situations they find themselves in and in their personalities. Using examples from research on divorce, immigration, social movement participation, and experiences of catastrophic events, we make a case for an integrated personality and social psychology that extends the analysis across time and works within socially and historically important contexts.

Football Manager as a Persuasive Game for Social Identity Formation

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda K. Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Simulation Game ◽  
Group Affiliation ◽  
Interesting Insight ◽  
The Social ◽  
Persuasive Game ◽  
The Way

This case illustrates the way in which the football management simulation game, Football Manager (Sports Interactive), enhances the processes through which players formulate their social identities, which extend beyond the boundaries of gameplay itself. The case discusses the findings of my interviews with Football Manager players, which provides an in-depth examination of experiences associated with the game, both during gameplay and the way in which it functions within the wider social contexts of their lives. I discuss these findings in relation to social identity theory (Tajfel, 1978, 1979; Tajfel & Turner, 1979), through the way in which the game promotes players' sense of in-group affiliation, as well as promoting positive shared experiences between players. In this way, the current case presents an interesting insight into the social functions of the game and its role within the social narratives and identities of its players. From this, I conclude the utility of Football Manager as a persuasive game for formulating players' social identities, which may lead to further positive social impacts.

If...Then

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taina Bucher
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social World ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Ranking Data ◽  
Relational Agency ◽  
Multiple Realities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Definition Of

IF … THEN provides an account of power and politics in the algorithmic media landscape that pays attention to the multiple realities of algorithms, and how these relate and coexist. The argument is made that algorithms do not merely have power and politics; they help to produce certain forms of acting and knowing in the world. In processing, classifying, sorting, and ranking data, algorithms are political in that they help to make the world appear in certain ways rather than others. Analyzing Facebook’s news feed, social media user’s everyday encounters with algorithmic systems, and the discourses and work practices of news professionals, the book makes a case for going beyond the narrow, technical definition of algorithms as step-by-step procedures for solving a problem in a finite number of steps. Drawing on a process-relational theoretical framework and empirical data from field observations and fifty-five interviews, the author demonstrates how algorithms exist in multiple ways beyond code. The analysis is concerned with the world-making capacities of algorithms, questioning how algorithmic systems shape encounters and orientations of different kinds, and how these systems are endowed with diffused personhood and relational agency. IF … THEN argues that algorithmic power and politics is neither about algorithms determining how the social world is fabricated nor about what algorithms do per se. Rather it is about how and when different aspects of algorithms and the algorithmic become available to specific actors, under what circumstance, and who or what gets to be part of how algorithms are defined.

Going to extremes: Social identity and communication processes associated with gang membership

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liran Goldman ◽  
Howard Giles ◽  
Michael A. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gang Membership ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

Gang violence, endemic to many communities in the United States and around the world is a very significant social problem. Given that the messages conveyed by, and the rivalries associated with, gang identities readily invoke constructs and processes familiar to the social psychological study of social identity, intergroup relations, and communication (Lauger, 2012), it is surprising that social psychologists have not advanced such an analysis of gangs. In attempt to fill this void and set a research agenda, this theoretical article examines the role social identity and identity-related communication play in promoting affiliation with gangs, particularly among youth who confront uncertainties and strive for family-like protection. The article discusses messaging communicated by gang members and reasons why youth adopt antisocial (e.g., violent) rather than prosocial behaviors. It also explores ways to diminish the allure of gang membership and raises questions for future research.

scholarly journals Examining the plausibility of Donald Trump’s denial of responsibility for the 2020 assault on the U. S. Capitol: A dual-agency model of identity leadership and engaged followership

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alexander Haslam ◽  
Steve Reicher ◽  
Hema Preya Selvanathan ◽  
Amber Gaffney ◽  
Niklas K Steffens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Collective Phenomena ◽  
Agency Model ◽  
Dual Agency ◽  
The Social ◽  
Leaders And Followers

This paper develops a dual-agency model of leadership which treats collective phenomena as a co-production between leaders and followers. The model integrates work on identity leadership and engaged followership derived from the social identity tradition in social psychology. In contrast to binary models in which leaders or followers are seen to have agency, this argues that leaders gain influence by framing the agency of their followers and defining the parameters of their action but leaving space for creativity in how their goals are accomplished. Followers in turn, exhibit their loyalty and attachment to the leader by competing to be most effective in advancing these goals. We illustrate the model by drawing on a range of sources, most notably the events of 6th January 2021 when Donald rump’s exhortations to his supporters that they should ‘fight’ to ‘stop the steal’ of the 2020 election was followed by an attack on the Capitol. We argue that it is Trump’s willing participation in this mutual process of identity enactment, rather than any instructions which may (or may not) have been contained in his speech, that should be the basis for assessing his influence on, and responsibility for, the assault.

Jokes and Humor in Intergroup Relations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Ford ◽  
Christopher J. Breeden ◽  
Emma C. O'Connor ◽  
Noely C. Banos
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Social Acceptability ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Disparagement Humor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Offensive Speech

Humor fundamentally trivializes its topic and invites people to think about it playfully and non-seriously. Intergroup humor, humor that disparages a social group or its representatives thus disguises expressions of prejudice in a cloak of fun and frivolity, affording it the appearance of social acceptability. As a result, disparagement humor represents a pervasive mechanism for communicating prejudice particularly since society has become increasingly sensitive to expressions of prejudice and other forms of offensive speech. Indeed, disparagement humor is perhaps more readily available to us now in the digital age than ever before. Because of its disguise of social acceptability, disparagement humor serves unique paradoxical functions in intergroup settings. It can function as a social “lubricant” and as a social “abrasive.” Disparagement humor directed at social out-groups functions as a social abrasive by threatening the social identity of members of the targeted group, by transmitting negative stereotypes and prejudice, by intensifying prejudice in the service of social dominance motives, and by fostering the release of prejudice against targeted out-groups. It simultaneously serves as a social lubricant for members of the in-group (the non-disparaged group) by enhancing personal and social identities. Finally, it can be co-opted by members of oppressed groups to serve social lubricant functions, including the subversion of prejudice, provided audiences understand and appreciate the subversive intent.

The social function of rationalization: An identity perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Joseph Van Bavel ◽  
Anni Sternisko ◽  
Elizabeth Ann Harris ◽  
Claire Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Additional Function ◽  
The Social

In this commentary, we offer an additional function of rationalization. Namely, in certain social contexts, the proximal and ultimate function of beliefs and desires is social inclusion. In such contexts, rationalization often facilitates distortion of rather than approximation to truth. Understanding social identity is not only timely and important, but critical to fully understand the function(s) of rationalization.

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