scholarly journals Social Needs and Happiness: A Life Course Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera L. Buijs ◽  
Bertus F. Jeronimus ◽  
Gerine M. A. Lodder ◽  
Nardi Steverink ◽  
Peter de Jonge
Keyword(s):  
Oldest Old ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Need Fulfillment ◽  
Affection Status ◽  
Weak Support ◽  
Behavioral Confirmation

Introduction. Both the fulfilment of affection, status, and behavioral confirmation needs and their role in happiness may differ along the adult lifespan. Aims. We examined age-graded differences in (a) the fulfilment of the need for affection, status, and behavioral confirmation, (b) disharmonious profiles of need fulfillment (e.g., high affection but low status), and (c) the associations between these needs and happiness. Methods. Data from 11,406 Dutch respondents (age range 18-87 (M=44.82, SD=14.62), 67% female) were collected via hoegekis.nl and categorized over six age groups (early, young, middle-aged and late adults, young-old and oldest-old). Age-graded differences in social need fulfilment and their link to happiness were examined using regression analyses. Need fulfillment profiles were identified with LCA cluster analyses. Results. Age-graded differences in social need fulfilment were virtually absent (Cohen’s d=0.20 or smaller) and their link with happiness was stable across the age groups. Social need fulfilment profiles were harmonious as people reported either low, middle, or high need fulfilment in general, irrespective of age. Conclusion. The idea that different social needs are more important in different phases of adult life received only weak support in our data. No strategic investment in specific social needs was observed (no substitution-effects). People typically differed in their capacities to fulfil their affection, status, and behavioral confirmation needs in general, regardless of age. The implications of these results for the social production function theory of wellbeing and socioemotional selectivity theory are outlined in the discussion.

scholarly journals Quality of Life in European Older Adults of SHARE Wave 7: Comparing the Old and the Oldest-Old

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2850
Author(s):  
Amparo Oliver ◽  
Trinidad Sentandreu-Mañó ◽  
José M. Tomás ◽  
Irene Fernández ◽  
Patricia Sancho
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Scalar Invariant

CASP-12 (Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, and Pleasure scale) is one of the most common internationally used measures for quality of life in older adults, although its structure is not clearly established. Current research aims to test the factor structure of the CASP-12, so as to provide evidence on reliability and external validity, and to test for measurement invariance across age groups. Data from 61,355 Europeans (≥60 years old) from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe wave 7 were used. CASP-12, EURO-D (European depression scale), self-perceived health, and life satisfaction measurements were included. Reliability and validity coefficients, competing confirmatory factor models, and standard measurement invariance routine were estimated. A second-order factor model with the original factor structure was retained. The scale showed adequate reliability coefficients except for the autonomy dimension. The correlation coefficients for external validity were all statistically significant. Finally, CASP-12 is scalar invariant across age. We conclude that the best-fitting factor structure retained allows using CASP-12 either by factors, or as an overall score, depending on the research interests. Findings related to CASP-12 measurement invariance encourage its use in the oldest-old too. When comparing the dimensions across age groups, as people age, autonomy slightly increases and the rest of the dimensions decline.

ATTITUDE TOWARDS MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS DURING THE MENSTRUATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
J. C. Kavitha Latha ◽  
R. Varalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Minimal Sample ◽  
High Attitude ◽  
The Right

Adolescents are dened as the young people between the age groups of 10 and 19 years as per the WHO records. Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adult life as it is regarded as the intermediate period between the childhood age and the adult age. Menstruation occurs every month periodically except during pregnancy. The maintenance of menstrual hygienic methods is a very challenging task to the adolescent girls. Social prohibitions and traditional beliefs blocked the access to get the right kind of information to adolescent girls that led to poor hygiene practices. Menstruation has often been dealt with secrecy in many cultures. Aim: Attitude towards myths and misconceptions among adolescent girls during the menstruation. To assess the attitude regarding myths Objective: and misconceptions among adolescent girls during the menstruation. To examine the level of attitude of adolescent girls towards Myths and Misconceptions Tool: The Tool used for the present study was self structured questionnaire which was developed by the researcher. Results: Many of number of adolescent girls is having low attitude i.e., having many myths and misconceptions towards menstruation and very few sample is having high attitude which is indicating that minimal sample is not having negative attitude towards the myths and misconceptions. Sample: Sample of the present study consists of 300 adolescent girls from government vocational colleges in Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh State. There are signicant differences between age, religion, educational quali Conclusion: cations of mother's, type of family and mode of communication among adolescent girls with regard to their attitude towards myths and misconceptions during the menstruation. There is low level of attitude towards the myths and misconceptions among adolescent girls during the menstruation

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Differences Related to Age in Dementia with Lewy Bodies

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Nagahama ◽  
Tomoko Okina ◽  
Norio Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Recent Memory ◽  
Better Than

Background/Aims: To examine the influence of age on neuropsychological performances in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Methods: We examined memory, executive, and visuo-constructional performances in 202 DLB patients and 236 AD patients. We divided the subjects into three age groups (65–74, 75–84, and 85–95 years old), and evaluated the differences in neuropsychological performances. Results: Recent memory in the DLB group was significantly better than that in the age-matched AD group when comparing the age groups 65–74 years and 75–84 years; however, memory impairment in the DLB patients in the age group 85–95 years was comparable with that in the age-matched AD patients. In contrast to recent memory, the other assessed neuropsychological performances, such as visuospatial and executive functions, showed no significant change in differences between the DLB and AD groups with advancing age. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the nature of memory impairment in DLB patients changes according to age. DLB patients in the young-old and old-old age groups showed significantly better memory performance than the age-matched AD patients, whereas memory performance of the DLB patients in the oldest-old age group was similar to that of the age-matched AD patients. This may be associated with the increased rate of coexisting AD pathology in DLB patients with older age.

Long Term Cerebrovascular Dysfunction in the Offspring from Maternal Electronic Cigarette Use during Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.N. Burrage ◽  
Eiman Aboaziza ◽  
Lance Hare ◽  
Sarah Reppert ◽  
Joshua Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response ◽  
Cerebrovascular Dysfunction ◽  
Old Adult

Electronic cigarettes (E-cigs) have been promoted as harm-free or less-risky than smoking, even for women during pregnancy. These claims are made largely on E-cig aerosol having fewer number of toxic chemicals compared to cigarette smoke. Given that even low levels of smoking are found to produce adverse birth outcomes, we sought to test the hypothesis that vaping during pregnancy (with or without nicotine) would not be harm-free, and would result in vascular dysfunction that would be evident in offspring during adolescent and/or adult life. Pregnant female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to E-cig aerosol (1-hour/day, 5 days/week, starting on gestational day 2 until pups were weaned) using e-liquid with 0 mg/ml (E-cig0) or 18 mg/ml nicotine (E-cig18) and compared to ambient air exposed controls. Body mass at birth and at weaning were not different between groups. Assessment of middle cerebral artery (MCA) reactivity revealed a 51-56% reduction in endothelial-dependent dilation response to acetylcholine (ACh) for both E-cig0 and E-cig18 in 1-month, 3-month (adolescent), and 7-month old (adult) offspring (p<0.05 compared to air, all time points). MCA response to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and myogenic tone were not different across groups suggesting that endothelial-independent responses were not altered. The MCA vasoconstrictor response (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) was also not different across treatment and age groups. These data demonstrate that maternal vaping during pregnancy is not harm-free and confers significant cerebrovascular health risk/dysfunction to offspring that persists into adult life.

scholarly journals 08 Evidence Base for Treatment of Osteoporosis in Older People

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv3-iv3
Author(s):  
Tahir Masud
Keyword(s):  
Oldest Old ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Osteoporosis Treatment ◽  
Fracture Reduction ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract After the age of fifty years the prevalence of osteoporosis and incidence of osteoporotic fractures rise substantially with age. It is ironic however that the pivotal trials for the common drugs used to treat osteoporosis mainly recruited participants under the age of 80 years leading some to question the use of these drugs in the older population. This talk explores the evidence accumulated for the treatment of osteoporosis in the frailer older population. The FOSIT trial showed a 47% reduction in non-vertebral fractures with alendronate in people up to 84 years, and a study in long term care in those up to 91 years showed a significant improvement in bone density at the spine and hip. A post hoc analysis of the risedronate HIP trial in people aged 70-100 years with established osteoporosis showed a 47% reduction in hip fractures. In the zoledronic acid Horizon studies fractures were significantly reduced in a population up to the age of 89 years and mortality was reduced by 28%, with half of the participants being older than 75 years. Interestingly a post hoc analysis showed that those participants who ended up having only a single infusion had a reduction of all clinical fractures at 3 years. The Freedom trial of denosumab was performed in a population aged up to 90 years with significant fracture reduction across all age groups. Studies with the anabolic agent teriparatide showed that vertebral and non-vertebral fracture reduction occurred in both the under and over 75 age groups. Trials with the recently developed agents abaloparatide and romosozumab have shown significant fracture reductions in populations up to ages of 86 and 90 years respectively. There is now enough evidence to suggest that the oldest old should be considered for osteoporosis treatment as well having a focus on falls reduction.

scholarly journals Living in the shadow of unemployment -an unhealthy life situation: a qualitative study of young people from leaving school until early adult life

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Hammarström ◽  
Christina Ahlgren
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Market Position ◽  
Compulsory School ◽  
Health Experiences ◽  
Early Adult Life ◽  
Labour Market Position

Abstract Background Despite the magnitude of youth unemployment there is a lack of studies, which explore the relations between health experiences and labour market position in various contexts. The aim of this paper was to analyse health experiences among young people in NEET (not in education, employment or training) in relation to labour market position from leaving school until early adult life. Method The population consists of everyone (six women, eight men) who became unemployed directly after leaving compulsory school in a town in Northern Sweden. Repeated personal interviews were performed from age 16 until age 33. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results Health experiences can be viewed as a contextual process, related to the different phases of leaving school, entering the labour market, becoming unemployed and becoming employed. Perceived relief and hope were related to leaving compulsory school, while entering the labour market was related to setbacks and disappointments as well as both health-deteriorating and health-promoting experiences depending on the actual labour market position. Our overarching theme of “Living in the shadow of unemployment – an unhealthy life situation” implies that it is not only the actual situation of being unemployed that is problematic but that the other phases are also coloured by earlier experiences of unemployment . Conclusion A focus on young people’s health experiences of transitions from school into the labour market brings a new focus on the importance of macroeconomic influence on social processes and contextualised mechanisms from a life-course perspective.

scholarly journals Exploration of Finnish adults’ successful weight management over the life course: a qualitative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Joki ◽  
Johanna Mäkelä ◽  
Hanna Konttinen ◽  
Mikael Fogelholm
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Background Despite the current obesogenic environment creating challenges weight management, some people succeed in maintaining a normal weight. This study explored lifelong weight management from the life course perspective. We aimed to gain an insight into the issues related to the pathways of individuals of normal weight from childhood to adulthood, and how their experiences and social connections influence their weight management. Methods We approached the research topic using qualitative methods. Two age groups (30–45; 55–70 years, men and women), forming a total of 39 individuals, participated in theme interviews. Thematic analysis resulted in two main categories, namely (1) adoption of lifestyle and (2) maintenance of lifestyle. Results Childhood family played a central role in the formation of lifestyle: food-upbringing created the basis for the interviewees’ current diet, and their lives had always been characterized by an active lifestyle. High perceived self-efficacy was vital in weight management. The interviewees were confident about their routines and trusted their abilities to recognize and handle situations that threatened their lifestyles. They possessed skills for adjusting their lifestyle to altered environments, and showed a high level of coping self-efficacy. The interviewees also highlighted the importance of habits for weight management. They had improved their adopted lifestyle through constant learning. New routines had become more internalized through active repetition, finally turning into habitual practices, which simplified weight management. Conclusions Based on our interviews, we conclude that childhood was important in the development of the health-promoting lifestyle of our interviewees. However, weight management was described as a journey over the life course, and success also encouraged skills of identifying risks and adjusting actions to cope with challenging situations.

Clinical and demographic variables of young adult (YA) patients referred to inpatient supportive care.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (34_suppl) ◽  
pp. 168-168
Author(s):  
Sujin Ann-Yi ◽  
Angelique Wong ◽  
Jimin Wu ◽  
Maira Charone ◽  
Karen Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Pain Expression

168 Background: Literature suggests that YA cancer patients have unique psychosocial issues and more emotional distress compared to older aged patients. Our study aimed to evaluate clinical and demographic factors of YA cancer patients that may impact physical and psychosocial symptom expression. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on randomly selected patients seen during 2013-2015 of 3 age groups: 18-39 (YA), 40-64, and 65 and older on demographic, medical, psychosocial history, Morphine Equivalent Daily Dose (MEDD), Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scare (ESAS) scores, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores which are completed at time of initial consultation with the supportive care inpatient mobile team. Results: 896 (YA = 297, 40-64 cohort = 300, 65 and older = 299) patients were reviewed. YA cohort was associated with being female (n = 179 (60%), p = 0.03), more frequently non-white (Black and Hispanic = 124 (42%), p < 0.00), higher ECOG scores (ECOG 0-2 = 83(39%), p < 0.00) more psychiatric history (n = 95(32%), p = 0.00) and worse ESAS sleep scores (median = 6, p = 0.02). The YA cohort also had higher pain expression than the 65 and older cohort (p = .02). The YA group was more likely to have children younger than 18 years old (n = 171(58%), p < 0.00). Patients with children less than 18 years of age reported higher pain expression (median = 6, p = .05), sleep (median = 6, p = 0.01), and financial distress (median = 2, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Contrary to other findings, YA cancer patients did not report higher symptoms or distress when compared to older age cohorts, with the exception of higher insomnia compared to other age cohorts and higher pain expression than the oldest age cohort. YA with young children reported higher level of pain, sleep and financial distress. Our findings suggest that the YA population may benefit from specialized psychosocial services to address their unique social needs, particularly to address concerns related to being parents of young children.

Healthy behavior and memory self-reports in young, middle-aged, and older adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Small ◽  
Prabha Siddarth ◽  
Linda M. Ercoli ◽  
Stephen T. Chen ◽  
David A. Merrill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Healthy Behavior ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Behavior Index

ABSTRACTBackground: Previous research has shown that healthy behaviors, such as regular physical exercise, a nutritious diet, and not smoking, are associated with a lower risk for Alzheimer's disease and dementia. However, less is known about the potential link between healthy behaviors and mild memory symptoms that may precede dementia in different age groups.Methods: A daily telephone survey (Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index) of US residents yielded a random sample of 18,552 respondents ranging in age from 18 to 99 years, including 4,423 younger (age 18–39 years), 6,356 middle-aged (40–59 years), and 7,773 older (60–99 years) adults. The questionnaire included demographic information and the Healthy Behavior Index (questions on smoking, eating habits, and frequency of exercise). General linear models and logistic regressions were used in the analysis.Results: Older adults were more likely to report healthy behaviors than were middle-aged and younger adults. Reports of memory problems increased with age (14% of younger, 22% of middle-aged, and 26% of older adults) and were inversely related to the Healthy Behavior Index. Reports of healthy eating were associated with better memory self-reports regardless of age, while not smoking was associated with better memory reports in the younger and middle-aged and reported regular exercise with better memory in the middle-aged and older groups.Conclusions: These findings indicate a relationship between reports of healthy behaviors and better self-perceived memory abilities throughout adult life, suggesting that lifestyle behavior habits may protect brain health and possibly delay the onset of memory symptoms as people age.

Does old age reduce the risk of anxiety and depression? A review of epidemiological studies across the adult life span

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. JORM
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background. There is considerable disagreement about what happens to the risk of anxiety and depression disorders and symptoms as people get older.Methods. A search was made for studies that examine the occurrence of anxiety, depression or general distress across the adult life span. To be included, a study had to involve a general population sample ranging in age from at least the 30s to 65 and over and use the same assessment method at each age.Results. There was no consistent pattern across studies for age differences in the occurrence of anxiety, depression or distress. The most common trend found was for an initial rise across age groups, followed by a drop. Two major factors producing this variability in results were age biases in assessment of anxiety and depression and the masking effect of other risk factors that vary with age. When other risk factors were statistically controlled, a more consistent pattern emerged, with most studies finding a decrease in anxiety, depression and distress across age groups. This decrease cannot be accounted for by exclusion of elderly people in institutional care from epidemiological surveys or by selective mortality of people with anxiety or depression.Conclusion. There is some evidence that ageing is associated with an intrinsic reduction in susceptibility to anxiety and depression. However, longitudinal studies covering the adult life span are needed to distinguish ageing from cohort effects. More attention needs to be given to understanding the mechanism behind any ageing-related reduction in risk for anxiety and depression with age. Possible factors are decreased emotional responsiveness with age, increased emotional control and psychological immunization to stressful experiences.

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