scholarly journals Trait anxiety is associated with reduced typicality asymmetry in fear generalization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex H K Wong ◽  
Tom Beckers
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Generalization Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Typical Condition ◽  
High Trait ◽  
Fear Generalization ◽  
Category Exemplars

In fear conditioning, training with typical category exemplars has been shown to promote fear generalization to novel exemplars of the same category, whereas training with atypical category exemplars supports limited if any generalization to other category members, amounting to a typicality asymmetry in fear generalization. The present study sought to examine how trait anxiety bears on typicality asymmetry in fear generalization. Participants in one condition were presented with typical exemplars during fear acquisition and atypical exemplars of the same category in the subsequent generalization test (typical condition), whereas in the other group, atypical and typical exemplars were presented during fear acquisition and generalization test, respectively (atypical condition). We observed a typicality asymmetry in fear generalization in self-reported expectancy ratings in low trait anxious individuals only. High trait anxious individuals showed a similar degree of fear generalization in both conditions. The current results help illuminate why some individuals are at risk for exhibiting broad fear generalization after exposure to an aversive event.

No effect of trait anxiety on differential fear conditioning or fear generalization

2013 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Torrents-Rodas ◽  
Miquel A. Fullana ◽  
Albert Bonillo ◽  
Xavier Caseras ◽  
Oscar Andión ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Fear Generalization

Interpretive Biases for Ambiguous Information in Body Dysmorphic Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Buhlmann ◽  
Sabine Wilhelm ◽  
Richard J. McNally ◽  
Brunna Tuschen-Caffier ◽  
Lee Baer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Ambiguous Information ◽  
Interpretive Bias ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

ABSTRACTAnxiety-disordered patients and individuals with high trait anxiety tend to interpret ambiguous information as threatening. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether interpretive biases would also occur in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), which is characterized by a preoccupation with imagined defects in one's appearance. We tested whether BDD participants, compared with obsessive-compulsive disorder participants and healthy controls, would choose threatening interpretations for ambiguous body-related, ambiguous social, and general scenarios. As we hypothesized, BDD participants exhibited a negative interpretive bias for body-related scenarios and for social scenarios, whereas the other groups did not. Moreover, both clinical groups exhibited a negative interpretive bias for general scenarios.

Effects of an Anxiety-Specific Psychometric Factor on Fear Conditioning and Fear Generalization

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Baumann ◽  
Miriam A. Schiele ◽  
Martin J. Herrmann ◽  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Peter Zwanzger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
High Anxious ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Fear Generalization

Abstract. Conditioning and generalization of fear are assumed to play central roles in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. Here we investigate the influence of a psychometric anxiety-specific factor on these two processes, thus try to identify a potential risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders. To this end, 126 healthy participants were examined with questionnaires assessing symptoms of anxiety and depression and with a fear conditioning and generalization paradigm. A principal component analysis of the questionnaire data identified two factors representing the constructs anxiety and depression. Variations in fear conditioning and fear generalization were solely associated with the anxiety factor characterized by anxiety sensitivity and agoraphobic cognitions; high-anxious individuals exhibited stronger fear responses (arousal) during conditioning and stronger generalization effects for valence and UCS-expectancy ratings. Thus, the revealed psychometric factor “anxiety” was associated with enhanced fear generalization, an assumed risk factor for anxiety disorders. These results ask for replication with a longitudinal design allowing to examine their predictive validity.

scholarly journals A machine learning approach to identifying objective biomarkers of anxiety and stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Ramakrishnan ◽  
Adam Pardes ◽  
William Lynch ◽  
Christopher Molaro ◽  
Michael Louis Platt
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

AbstractAnxiety and stress-related disorders are highly prevalent and debilitating conditions that impose an enormous burden on society. Sensitive measurements that can enable early diagnosis could mitigate suffering and potentially prevent onset of these conditions. Self-reports, however, are intrusive and vulnerable to biases that can conceal the true internal state. Physiological responses, on the other hand, manifest spontaneously and can be monitored continuously, providing potential objective biomarkers for anxiety and stress. Recent studies have shown that algorithms trained on physiological measurements can predict stress states with high accuracy. Whether these predictive algorithms generalize to untested situations and participants, however, remains unclear. Further, whether biomarkers of momentary stress indicate trait anxiety – a vulnerability foreshadowing development of anxiety and mood disorders – remains unknown. To address these gaps, we monitored skin conductance, heart rate, heart rate variability and EEG in 39 participants experiencing physical and social stress and compared these measures to non-stressful periods of talking, rest, and playing a simple video game. Self-report measures were obtained periodically throughout the experiment. A support vector machine trained on physiological measurements identified stress conditions with ~96% accuracy. A decision tree that optimally combined physiological and self-report measures identified individuals with high trait anxiety with ~84% accuracy. Individuals with high trait anxiety also displayed high baseline state anxiety but a muted physiological response to acute stressors. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential for using machine learning tools to identify objective biomarkers useful for diagnosing and monitoring mental health conditions like anxiety and depression.

scholarly journals During Vigilance to Painful Stimuli: Slower Response Rate Related to High Trait Anxiety, whereas a Faster Response Rate is related to High State Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J Meeker ◽  
Nichole M. Emerson ◽  
Jui-Hong Chien ◽  
Mark I. Saffer ◽  
Oscar Joseph Bienvenu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Lower Response Rate ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety ◽  
Over Time

A pathological increase in vigilance, or hypervigilance, may be related to pain intensity in some clinical pain syndromes and may result from attention bias to salient stimuli mediated by anxiety. During a continuous performance task where subjects discriminated painful target stimuli from painful nontargets, we measured detected targets (hits), nondetected targets (misses), nondetected nontargets (correct rejections), and detected nontargets (false alarms). Using signal detection theory, we calculated response bias, the tendency to endorse a stimulus as a target, and discriminability, the ability to discriminate a target from nontarget. Due to the relatively slow rate of stimulus presentation our primary hypothesis was that sustained performance would result in a more conservative response bias reflecting a lower response rate over time on task. We found a more conservative response bias with time on task and no change in discriminability. We predicted that greater state and trait anxiety would lead to a more liberal response bias. A multivariable model provided partial support for our prediction; high trait anxiety related to a more conservative response bias (lower response rate), while high state anxiety related to a more liberal bias. This inverse relationship of state and trait anxiety is consistent with reports of effects of state and trait anxiety on reaction times to threatening stimuli. In sum, we report that sustained attention to painful stimuli was associated with a decrease in the tendency of the subject to respond to any stimulus over time on task, while the ability to discriminate target from nontarget is unchanged.

scholarly journals Yellow fever in two unvaccinated French tourists to Brazil, January and March, 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Oliosi ◽  
Chantal Serero Corcos ◽  
Paulo Feijo Barroso ◽  
Alexandre Bleibtreu ◽  
Gilda Grard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Vaccination Recommendation

We report two yellow fever cases in unvaccinated French travellers in Brazil in January and March 2018, respectively; one exposed during an excursion in Minas Gerais and the other in Ilha Grande. Both presented with fever, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia. Yellow fever diagnosis was based on RT-PCR and serological tests. Both patients recovered within a few days. The increasing occurrence of cases in unvaccinated travellers highlights the need to reinforce vaccination recommendation for travellers at-risk.

scholarly journals Right of cooperation between States: The search for solutions to the internal interests of immigration

2020 ◽  
pp. 150-164
Author(s):  
Dioclécio Salomão Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Research Proposal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cooperative Model

The research proposal is based on analyzing whether the most different forms of Cooperation between States occur, the sovereignty of one or the other may be at risk, from the point of view of international relations with the independent treatment of immigrants. In this context, we seek to evaluate the assumptions and consequences of this cooperative model among the Constitutional States as a form of articulation and condition of this cooperative, guaranteeing the so-called fundamental rights to this portion of individuals.

Preventing lead poisoning

1926 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1181-1182
Author(s):  
E. Board
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
The Other

The author recommends that workers at risk of inhaling or ingesting lead be given the following solution for this purpose: magn. sulph. 0.95, Na sulph. 1.25, as. sulph. 0.38, as. sulph. arom. 0.003, water in an amount of 100.0 per 13 g of mixture. Half of this solution is used to rinse the mouth, the other half is taken per os.

High trait anxiety enhances optimal integration of auditory and visual threat cues

2022 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 101693
Author(s):  
Naomi Heffer ◽  
Molly Gradidge ◽  
Anke Karl ◽  
Chris Ashwin ◽  
Karin Petrini
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Optimal Integration ◽  
High Trait ◽  
Threat Cues ◽  
High Trait Anxiety
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