scholarly journals Perceptions of inequality and intolerance “in the air”: Development and initial validation of the Diversity Climate Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Angel Soto ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Anna Salomaa ◽  
Jasmine A. Mena ◽  
Natalia Van Doren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diversity Climate ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Perceptions Of Inequality ◽  
Climate Scale

Diversity climate is associated with numerous outcomes across psychological, physical, and occupational domains. The Diversity Climate Scale (DCS) was created to measure diversity climate perceptions among individuals with diverse and complex social identities, with a range of importance ascribed to those identities, and across diverse contexts (proximal and distal environments). The DCS was constructed and examined across four separate studies. Study 1 presents the development of the scale, preliminary factor structure, and convergent validity. Studies 2 and 3 confirmed the factor structure of the DCS and established the convergent and divergent validity with increasingly generalizable samples. Study 4 extended these analyses with a community sample, examined the predictive validity of the measure, and demonstrated that favorable proximal and distal diversity climate differed significantly across groups with different constellations of marginalized identities and differences in the importance ascribed to those identities. When controlling for lifetime discrimination, perceiving a more positive proximal climate was consistently associated with decreased depressive symptoms and increased life satisfaction, while perceptions of distal climate interacted with proximal climate and discrimination to predict depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Applications of the DCS and considerations for future research are discussed.

Assessing Procrastination

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M. Klein ◽  
Manfred E. Beutel ◽  
Kai W. Müller ◽  
Klaus Wölfling ◽  
Elmar Brähler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Scalar Invariant ◽  
The One

Abstract. The short form of the General Procrastination Scale (GPS-K; Klingsieck & Fries, 2012 ; Lay, 1986 ) is a reliable self-report scale measuring general procrastination. The presumed one-dimensional factor structure of the scale, however, has never been examined. Thus, the purposes of this representative study were to examine its dimensionality and factorial invariance across age and sex, and to provide norm values of the German general population. The GPS-K was administered to a representative community sample ( N = 2,527; age range 14–95 years). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted. To explore convergent validity, standardized scales of distress and life satisfaction were used. Measurement invariance across sex and age was tested. The CFA revealed an unsatisfactory model fit of the presumed unidimensional factor structure of the GPS-K. Therefore, a 5-item one-dimensional version of the scale was suggested (General Procrastination Scale – Screening; GPS-S). Correlations between GPS-S, distress and reduced life satisfaction provide evidence on its convergent validity. The one-dimensional GPS-S can be assumed to be scalar invariant across sex and for participants older than 29 years. The scale can be administered in only a few minutes providing an economic screening for research and practice.

Rape Disclosure and Depression Among Community Women: The Mediating Roles of Shame and Experiential Avoidance

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1226-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prachi H. Bhuptani ◽  
Julia S. Kaufman ◽  
Terri L. Messman-Moore ◽  
Kim L. Gratz ◽  
David DiLillo
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Victim Blaming ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Interventions ◽  
Rape Survivors

Many women who disclose a rape encounter victim-blaming responses, which are associated with negative outcomes. The present study examined rape-related shame and experiential avoidance as mediators of the relation between victim-blaming responses to rape disclosure and depression among 103 rape survivors drawn from a community sample. Results revealed that victim-blaming responses were positively associated with depressive symptoms through rape-related shame and experiential avoidance, and shame was indirectly related to depression via avoidance. Findings suggest clinical interventions should focus on rape-related shame and experiential avoidance in targeting depression among rape survivors, and future research should continue to examine how victim-blaming responses to rape disclosure may be related to these factors.

scholarly journals The Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT): A preliminary psychometric study in Chile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gatica-Bahamonde ◽  
Paula Alarcon ◽  
Alejandra Mendez Fadol ◽  
Carrie Allison ◽  
Simon Baron-Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Interaction Factor

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of an adapted version of the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT), an early screening tool that quantifies autistic traits dimensionally, in a community sample of Chilean children aged 18-24 months. An intentional non-probabilistic sampling was used. All primary caregivers of children aged 18-24 months who attended health check-up at four primary care clinics in Chile's Araucanía region during the study period were invited to participate. One hundred and eighty-eight toddlers were screened. Evidence of construct validity was determined through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), evidence of convergent validity with the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F), and evidence of reliability through internal consistency and test-retest. The EFA showed a two-factor structure, which explained 42.2 % of the variance: “Restrictive and Repetitive Patterns” (factor 1), and “Communication and Social Interaction” (factor 2). The total Q-CHAT scores correlated positively and significantly with the total M-CHAT-R/F scores (r=0.59, p<0.01) with a large effect size. Internal consistency was acceptable for the scale in general (α=0.74), acceptable for factor 1 (α = 0.76) and good (α=0.85) for factor 2. Regarding test-retest stability, the intraclass correlation coefficient was good (ICC=0.86, p<0.001). In terms of the factor structure evidenced by the EFA, the two factors are theoretically consistent with the current diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5. The evidence of validity and reliability of Q-CHAT is encouraging when considering its use as an early detection tool in Chile.

Subjective Invulnerability, Risk Behavior, and Adjustment in Early Adolescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick L. Hill ◽  
Peter M. Duggan ◽  
Daniel K. Lapsley
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Psychological Risks

The current study investigated whether invulnerability manifests with adaptive and maladaptive outcomes during early adolescence. We sampled 248 (53% female; 63% Caucasian; [Formula: see text] years) early adolescents on the Adolescent Invulnerability Scale (AIS), and measures of drug use, delinquency, depressive symptoms, and mastery and coping. The AIS demonstrated a two-factor structure, which captured whether adolescents felt invulnerable to danger or psychological risks. Danger Invulnerability positively predicted delinquency and drug use. Conversely, Psychological Invulnerability negatively predicted depressive symptoms but positively predicted mastery and coping. These results suggest that felt invulnerability leads to both benefits and risks for early adolescents. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Irrational Procrastination Scale: Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance Across Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Shaw ◽  
Jennifer J. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
The One ◽  
Internal Construct Validity

The present paper reports on the preliminary validation of a Chinese version of Steel’s Irrational Procrastination Scale (IPS). To this end, the nine items of the IPS were translated into Chinese and data were collected from a sample of 2,361 mainland Chinese college students. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the dimensional structure of the IPS, and multigroup CFA (MG CFA) was carried out to evaluate the measurement invariance across gender. Results revealed that the Chinese IPS had adequate internal consistency reliability, adhered to the one-factor structure, and exhibited strong or scalar invariance across the two gender subgroups, thereby providing support for the internal construct validity of the scale. Additionally, the IPS scores were found to be strongly and negatively related to the Conscientiousness personality trait while showing weak correlations with the other traits, which provided some support for the convergent and divergent validity of the Chinese IPS. Study limitations and future research directions (e.g., expanding the empirical evidence for the scale’s criterion-related validity) are discussed.

scholarly journals The Portuguese Version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui C. Campos ◽  
Bruno Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Reliability Factor ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Validity Data ◽  
Portuguese Version

Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is one of the most popular and widely investigated instruments for assessing the severity of depressive symptomatology. The authors developed a Portuguese version of the inventory. This paper presents two studies: one with a college student sample (n = 547) and another with a community sample (n = 200). Reliability, factor structure, and validity data were obtained. The Portuguese version presents a good internal consistency, a factor structure very similar to the one obtained by Beck, Steer, and Brown (1996 ) with the original version, and presents an adequate convergent validity with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis provides support for the fit of a two-factor model.

scholarly journals The Durand Adaptive Psychopathic Traits Questionnaire: development and validation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Durand
Keyword(s):  
Community Sample ◽  
Questionnaire Development ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
As Stress

While the term ‘‘psychopathy’’ is embedded with negativity, evidence points to the existence of another form of psychopathy, which involves adaptive traits such as stress and anxiety immunity, remarkable social skills, noteworthy leadership ability, and an absence of fear. The newly developed Durand Adaptive Psychopathic Traits Questionnaire (DAPTQ) aims to assess adaptive traits known to correlate with the psychopathic personality. Validation of the questionnaire among 765 individuals from the community gave support to a 10-factor solution: Leadership, Logical Thinking, Composure, Creativity, Fearlessness, Money Smart, Focus, Extroversion, Consequentialism, and Management. The DAPTQ and its 10 subscales demonstrated good internal consistency reliability in a community sample (0.64 - 0.88). Good convergent and divergent validity was confirmed by administering the DAPTQ alongside established measures of the psychopathic personality. Subscales validation against well-established personality assessments further confirms the DAPTQ’s strength. These findings support the potential of the DAPTQ as an instrument for measuring psychopathy-associated adaptive traits. Limitations of the present study and potential directions for future research are also discussed. Further studies are needed to validate the DAPTQ and its subscales against a wider range of personality traits and behaviors.

scholarly journals Nature Interest Scale – Development and Evaluation of a Measurement Instrument for Individual Interest in Nature

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Winfried Kleespies ◽  
Lena Doderer ◽  
Paul Wilhelm Dierkes ◽  
Volker Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Individual Interest ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses

Interest is an important factor for successful learning that has been the subject of intensive research for decades. Although interest in nature is of great importance for environmental education, to date there is no valid and reliable measurement tool. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and test a scale for interest in nature, the Nature Interest Scale (NIS). In study 1, nine items were selected based on the three dimensions of the psychological interest construct to represent interest in nature. The factor structure of this new measurement instrument, was tested using confirmatory factor analyses. The results show that the instrument represents the three dimensions of the interest construct well. In study 2 the validity (discriminant and convergent validity) as well as the reliability (internal consistency, composite reliability, test-retest reliability) of the NIS were demonstrated. In study 3, the applicability of the NIS was tested with a different target group, students with learning disabilities. The results of this factor analysis also confirm the factor structure of the scale. Thus, this study provides a valid and reliable measurement tool for individual interest in nature that can be used for future research.

Comparison of Unitary and Multidimensional Models of the Whiteley Index in a Nonclinical Sample: Implications for Understanding and Assessing Health Anxiety

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon J. R. Asmundson ◽  
Nicholas R. Carleton ◽  
Candice V. Bovell ◽  
Steven Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Item Content ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Health anxiety is an important but poorly assessed phenomenon. Manifesting along a continuum, health anxiety is the result of a catastrophic appraisal of somatic sensations and changes as indicative of disease. The Whiteley Index (WI) is one of the most widely used self-report measures for assessing health anxiety both for research and for clinical practice. It generally exhibits excellent and robust psychometric properties for internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent validity, and concurrent validity; however, both its item content and its factor structure are matters of debate. Moreover, the measure has rarely been assessed in nonclinical samples. For the present study, a sample of 300 participants from the University of Regina completed the WI. If the latent dimensions identified in factor analysis represent etiologic mechanisms, then the elucidation of the WI’s factor structure may enhance our understanding of health anxiety. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine a robust and reliable item content and factor structure, resulting in a six-item two-factor structure that was invariant across gender. The two factors were denoted Somatic Symptoms/Bodily Preoccupation and Disease Worry/Phobia. Previous factor structure solutions were compared to the factor structure derived from this study by means of confirmatory factor analysis. The newly established item content and factor structure resulted in acceptable fit indices that were statistically superior to those found using the previous factor structure solutions. Implications and directions for assessment of health anxiety and future research are discussed.

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