scholarly journals Outside the Eye of the Storm: Can Moderate Hurricane Exposure Improve Social, Psychological, and Attachment Functioning?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D Mancini ◽  
Maren Westphal ◽  
Paul Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Matched Comparison ◽  
Global Distress

High-intensity disaster can harm psychological functioning. Could moderate-intensity disaster improve psychological and attachment functioning through its effects on social functioning? We used a prospective quasi-experimental cohort design to investigate this possibility among college students. Hurricane cohort participants (N = 209) completed assessments before, two weeks, and six weeks after Hurricane Sandy. Two matched comparison cohorts (Ns > 140) were assessed four months and one year later. The hurricane cohort, in contrast to matched comparison cohorts, reported increased social support, reduced global distress, reduced negative emotion, and reduced attachment avoidance at the end of the semester. Increased social support mediated the relationship between hurricane cohort and reduced global distress, negative emotion, attachment avoidance, and attachment anxiety, and increased positive emotion and self-esteem at six weeks post-storm. The results suggest moderate disaster exposure can benefit short-term social, psychological, and attachment functioning, underscoring the critical role of the social context in stress adaptation.

scholarly journals Outside the Eye of the Storm: Can Moderate Hurricane Exposure Improve Social, Psychological, and Attachment Functioning?

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722199048
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Mancini ◽  
Maren Westphal ◽  
Paul Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Matched Comparison ◽  
Global Distress

High-intensity disaster can harm psychological functioning. Could moderate-intensity disaster improve psychological and attachment functioning through its effects on social functioning? We used a prospective quasi-experimental cohort design to investigate this possibility among college students. Hurricane cohort participants ( N = 209) completed assessments before, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks after Hurricane Sandy. Two matched comparison cohorts ( Ns > 140) were assessed 4 months and 1 year later. The hurricane cohort, in contrast to matched comparison cohorts, reported increased social support, reduced global distress, reduced negative emotion, and reduced attachment avoidance at the end of the semester. Increased social support mediated the relationship between hurricane cohort and reduced global distress, negative emotion, attachment avoidance, and attachment anxiety, and increased positive emotion and self-esteem at 6 weeks poststorm. The results suggest moderate disaster exposure can benefit short-term social, psychological, and attachment functioning, underscoring the critical role of the social context in stress adaptation.

Attachment, Social Support, and Responses following the Death of a Companion Animal

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren C. King ◽  
Paul D. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Animal Companionship ◽  
Grief Responses ◽  
Multidimensional Health

This research tested hypotheses concerning attachment, social support, and grief responses to the loss of animal companionship. Participants whose companion cat or dog had recently died ( N = 429) completed the Attachment Style Questionnaire, the Inventory of Complicated Grief, and the Multidimensional Health Profile-Psychosocial Functioning questionnaires. Both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were found to be positively associated with respondents' grief, depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. Social support was found to be negatively associated with these outcomes as well as with attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. In multiple regression analyses, attachment anxiety incrementally predicted grief, anxiety and somatic symptoms, attachment avoidance incrementally predicted grief and depression, and social support incrementally predicted all outcomes. Interaction effects of attachment and social support in relation to outcomes were not found. The present study's implications and limitations are discussed, as are directions for future research.

Attachment and post-traumatic stress in victims of interpersonal trauma: The mediating role of emotion-focused coping

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-675
Author(s):  
Gabrial T. Anderson ◽  
Spee Kosloff
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Interpersonal Trauma ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic

Two studies examined whether negative emotion-focused coping accounts for associations between attachment insecurity and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS). Victims of physical or sexual assault ( N Study1 = 71; N Study2 = 250) completed measures of attachment, negative emotion-focused coping, and PTS. Associations between attachment-avoidance and PTS were mediated by suppressive emotion-focused coping, and associations between attachment-anxiety and PTS were mediated by ruminative emotion-focused coping. Results replicated across two independent samples, but also supported a generalized view of the mediating processes involved.

A network model of the aetiology of schizotypal personality: evidence for the central role of mentalization, disorganization, and PTSD-symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertalan Polner ◽  
Kinga Farkas ◽  
Szabolcs Keri
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Early Developmental

Schizotypal personality traits are related to exposure to childhood trauma and to neurodevelopmental anomalies. Mentalization, attachment, openness, intellect, and social support are factors that may mediate or buffer the effect of such risk factors. However, to date, no study has investigated the associations between these constructs and schizotypy in a single model. We collected data in a large and demographically heterogeneous general population sample (N = 3441, 68% female, mean age = 39 years). We assessed schizotypal traits, environmental factors such as early traumas and perceived social support during adolescence, and putative mediators and protective factors such as openness/intellect, mentalization, and attachment. We estimated a Gaussian Graphical Model to examine the complex multivariate associations between the above constructs. Bootstrapping showed that the model was reliable. The importance of nodes was inferred using node centralities. Mentalization, disorganized schizotypy, and PTSD-like symptoms were the most central nodes in terms of strength and closeness. Disorganized schizotypy was related to early developmental anomalies, positive and negative schizotypy, and reduced intellect, mentalization was primarily related to reduced attachment avoidance and anxiety, while PTSD-like symptoms were linked to traumas and attachment anxiety. The results are in line with theories that emphasize the importance of mentalization and disorganized schizotypy in outcomes related to the extended psychosis-spectrum phenotypes. The findings may facilitate the generation of hypotheses for prospective and intervention studies.

The Relationship Between Texture Responses on the Rorschach and Adult Attachment

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Iwasa ◽  
Toshiki Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Comprehensive System ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Sensitive Measure ◽  
The Relationship

We examined the relationship between texture responses (T) on the Rorschach and adult attachment in the Japanese population. 47 Japanese undergraduate and graduate students (mean age = 20.16, SD = 1.87) completed a self-report adult attachment scale as well as the Rorschach. An ANOVA revealed that T = 1 participants were attached more securely than were other groups. T > 1 participants were more preoccupied with attachment and scored higher on an attachment anxiety scale than the T = 1 group. Although these results were consistent with the interpretation of the texture response according to the Comprehensive System (CS), the results obtained for T = 0 participants were inconsistent with hypotheses derived from the CS. T = 0 participants were high on preoccupied and attachment anxiety scores, although they were theoretically expected to be high on dismissing or attachment avoidance. These results indicated that – at least in Japan – T should be regarded as a sensitive measure of attachment anxiety.

Pet Attachment and the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Jane Douglas ◽  
Mun Yee Kwan ◽  
Kathryn H. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Interpersonal Theory Of Suicide ◽  
Pet Attachment ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Pet ownership is often assumed to have mental health benefits, but the effect of pets on suicide risk has a scant literature. Method: Using the interpersonal theory of suicide, we examined the relationships between perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, overall attachment to one’s pet (quality of the relationship), pet attachment avoidance (distrustful of the relationship) or anxiety (afraid of abandonment), and suicide risk. Three hypotheses were investigated: 1) higher levels of attachment would be associated with lower suicide risk via lower levels of thwarted belongingness/perceived burdensomeness, 2) lower levels of pet attachment would be associated with higher levels of suicide risk via attachment avoidance/attachment anxiety, and 3) attachment avoidance/anxiety would be associated with higher suicide risk via thwarted belongingness/perceived burdensomeness. Undergraduates (N = 187) completed surveys and indirect effect analyses were utilized. Results: Higher overall attachment was associated with decreased attachment anxiety, which was associated with lower suicide risk. Attachment anxiety was correlated with increased suicide risk. Overall attachment, attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety were not found to indirectly affect suicide risk. Conclusions: Findings suggest that pet ownership may provide both protective and deleterious effects in a nonclinical sample.

Empathy not quarantined: Association between people’s empathy to others and the COVID-19 pandemic situations based on a national survey study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhibin Jiang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Bu Zhong ◽  
Xuebing Qin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Media ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
The Social

BACKGROUND The Covid-19 pandemic had turned the world upside down, but not much is known about how people’s empathy might be affected by the pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study examined 1) how empathy towards others might be influenced by the social support people obtained by using social media; and 2) how the individual demographics (e.g., age, income) may affect empathy. METHODS A national survey (N = 943) was conducted in China in February 2020, in which the participants read three real scenarios about low-income urban workers (Scenario I), small business owners in cities (Scenario II), and farmers in rural areas (Scenario III) who underwent hardship due to COVID-19. After exposure to others’ difficulties in the scenarios, the participants’ empathy and anxiety levels were measured. We also measured the social support they had by using social media. RESULTS Results show that social support not only positively impacted empathy, β = .30, P < .001 for Scenario I, β = .30, P < .001 for Scenario II, and β = .29, P < .001 for Scenario III, but also interacted with anxiety in influencing the degree to which participants could maintain empathy towards others, β = .08, P = .010 for Scenario I, and β = .07, P = .033 for scenario II. Age negatively predicted empathy for Scenario I, β = -.08, P = .018 and Scenario III, β = -.08, P = .009, but not for Scenario II, β = -.03, P = .40. Income levels – low, medium, high – positively predicted empathy for Scenario III, F (2, 940) = 8.10, P < .001, but not for Scenario I, F (2, 940) = 2.14, P = .12, or Scenario II, F (2, 940) = 2.93, P = .06. Participants living in big cities expressed greater empathy towards others for Scenario III, F (2, 940) = 4.03, P =.018, but not for Scenario I, F (2, 940) = .81, P = .45, or Scenario II, F (2, 940) = 1.46, P =.23. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the literature by discovering the critical role empathy plays in people’s affective response to others during the pandemic. Anxiety did not decrease empathy. However, those gaining more social support on social media showed more empathy for others. Those who resided in cities with higher income levels were more empathetic during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study reveals that the social support people obtained helped maintain empathy to others, making them resilient in challenging times.

Perceptions of Sex Offenders’ Partners: Associated with Perceptions of Offenders and Influenced by Attachment

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Martens ◽  
Jessica L. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract Little research exists on how partners of sex offenders are perceived. Using attachment theory, we hypothesised that one's attachment would generalise to perceptions of sexual offenders and their partners. One hundred and six British adults’ attachment styles were assessed, as well as perceptions of sex offenders and their partners. Generally, perceivers’ attachment avoidance was associated with positive perceptions of both partners and offenders, while attachment anxiety was associated with negative perceptions of partners but positive perceptions of sex offenders. Perceptions of sex offenders and their partners were highly correlated and negative in nature, and sex offenders were more negatively perceived.

scholarly journals Endurance Training Regulates Expression of Some Angiogenesis-Related Genes in Cardiac Tissue of Experimentally Induced Diabetic Rats

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Mojdeh Khajehlandi ◽  
Lotfali Bolboli ◽  
Marefat Siahkuhian ◽  
Mohammad Rami ◽  
Mohammadreza Tabandeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Tissues ◽  
The Impact

Exercise can ameliorate cardiovascular dysfunctions in the diabetes condition, but its precise molecular mechanisms have not been entirely understood. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of endurance training on expression of angiogenesis-related genes in cardiac tissue of diabetic rats. Thirty adults male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (N = 10) including diabetic training (DT), sedentary diabetes (SD), and sedentary healthy (SH), in which diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). Endurance training (ET) with moderate-intensity was performed on a motorized treadmill for six weeks. Training duration and treadmill speed were increased during five weeks, but they were kept constant at the final week, and slope was zero at all stages. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was used to measure the expression of myocyte enhancer factor-2C (MEF2C), histone deacetylase-4 (HDAC4) and Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in cardiac tissues of the rats. Our results demonstrated that six weeks of ET increased gene expression of MEF2C significantly (p < 0.05), and caused a significant reduction in HDAC4 and CaMKII gene expression in the DT rats compared to the SD rats (p < 0.05). We concluded that moderate-intensity ET could play a critical role in ameliorating cardiovascular dysfunction in a diabetes condition by regulating the expression of some angiogenesis-related genes in cardiac tissues.

scholarly journals Attachment Characteristics Among Women Victimized in No, One, and Multiple IPV Relationships: A Case–Control Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122098115
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Christie Ørke ◽  
Stål Bjørkly ◽  
Mariana Dufort ◽  
Solveig Karin Bø Vatnar
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Multiple Relationships ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Violent Relationships ◽  
Control Study

This cross-sectional study compared attachment characteristics among women victimized by intimate partner violence (IPV) in no, one, and multiple relationships ( N = 154). Results indicated that compared with the nonvictimized, victimized women had increased likelihood of higher attachment avoidance. Compared with women victimized in one relationship, women victimized in multiple relationships had higher likelihood of higher attachment anxiety scores. Adjusting for childhood adversities, childhood sexual abuse was an independent risk factor for IPV. Childhood emotional abuse mediated the association between attachment anxiety and IPV victimization in multiple relationships in particular. Attachment theory appeared useful for better understanding women’s vulnerability for multiple violent relationships.

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