scholarly journals Consistent Individual Tendencies in Motor Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Pacheco ◽  
Charley W. Lafe ◽  
Che-Hsiu Chen ◽  
Tsung-Yu Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Practice Condition ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Mean Variance ◽  
Interpretation Of Results

The literature of Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off (SAT) in motor control has evidenced individuality in the preference to trade different aspects (mean, variance) of spatial and temporal errors. Nonetheless, to the best of our knowledge, how robust this preference is has not been properly tested. Thirty participants performed nine conditions with different time and spatial criteria over two days (scanning). In-between these scanning conditions, individuals performed a practice condition that required modifications of the individuals’ preferences in SAT. Through Bayesian analyses, we found that, despite individuals demonstrating changes during practice, decreasing movement time, they did not modify how they performed the scanning conditions. This is evidence for a robust SAT individual tendency. We discuss how such individuality could modify how individuals perform within/between SAT criteria, and what this means for interpretation of results.

Movement dynamics in speed/accuracy trade-off

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Morasso ◽  
V. Sanguineti
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Internal Source ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Fitts Law ◽  
Movement Dynamics ◽  
Weak Theories ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Partial Compensation

Fitts' law and the ΔΛ model are “weak” theories of motor control because they are limited to the kinematic aspects of movement and do not capture its essential dynamic nature. The internal source of “noise” that determines the speed/ accuracy trade-off can be associated with the partial compensation of movement-generated “parasitic” forces.

A Curvilinear Effect of Mental Workload on Mental Effort and Behavioral Adaptability: An Approach With the Pre-Ejection Period

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 928-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Mallat ◽  
Julien Cegarra ◽  
Christophe Calmettes ◽  
Rémi L. Capa
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Curvilinear Effect

Objective We tested Hancock and Szalma’s mental workload model, which has never been experimentally validated at a global level with the measure of the pre-ejection period (PEP), an index of beta-adrenergic sympathetic impact. Background Operators adapt to mental workload. When mental workload level increases, behavioral and physiological adaptability intensifies to reduce the decline in performance. However, if the mental workload exceeds an intermediate level, behavioral and physiological adaptability will decrease to protect individuals from excessive perturbations. This decrease is associated with a change in behavioral strategies and disengagement. Method The experimental task was a modified Fitts’ task used in Hancock and Caird. Five levels of task difficulty were computed. Behavioral and physiological adaptability was indexed by the performance with speed–accuracy trade-off and PEP reactivity. Results A curvilinear effect of task difficulty on PEP reactivity was significant, with high reactivity at the intermediate level but low reactivity at other levels. We observed a linear effect of task difficulty on error rate and a curvilinear effect on movement time. A decline in performance was noted up to the intermediate level, with a speed–accuracy trade-off above this level showing a faster movement time. Conclusion We observed for the first time behavioral and physiological adaptability as a function of mental workload. Application The results have important implications for the modeling of mental workload, particularly in the context of the performance-sensitive domain (car driving and air traffic control). They can help guide the design of human–computer interaction to maximize adaptive behavior, that is, the “comfort zone.”

Conditions for a Linear Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off in Aimed Movements

1983 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Wright ◽  
David E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Target Point ◽  
Home Position ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Linear Speed ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Fitts Law ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Speed Accuracy

A linear speed-accuracy trade-off has been found for rapid, precisely timed movements from a home position toward a target point. In this trade-off, We = K1 + K2(D/T), where D is the distance between the home position and the target, T is a pre-specified movement time, and We is the standard deviation of the distances actually moved. This result differs from Fitts' law, the commonly observed logarithmic trade-off in aimed movements. A new experiment with wrist rotations was performed to determine what conditions induce the linear trade-off rather than Fitts' law. Three types of condition are considered: movement brevity, feedback deprivation, and temporal precision. The experiment yielded a linear trade-off for precisely timed movements even when their durations significantly exceeded an amount of time (200 ms) sufficient to process visual feedback. This result suggests that the linearity does not depend on movement brevity and/or feedback deprivation per se. Instead it supports a temporal-precision hypothesis that the linear trade-off occurs when aimed movements must have precisely specified durations.

scholarly journals Movement vigor as a traitlike attribute of individuality

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 741-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Reppert ◽  
Ioannis Rigas ◽  
David J. Herzfeld ◽  
Ehsan Sedaghat-Nejad ◽  
Oleg Komogortsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Speed Accuracy

A common aspect of individuality is our subjective preferences in evaluation of reward and effort. The neural circuits that evaluate these commodities influence circuits that control our movements, raising the possibility that vigor differences between individuals may also be a trait of individuality, reflecting a willingness to expend effort. In contrast, classic theories in motor control suggest that vigor differences reflect a speed-accuracy trade-off, predicting that those who move fast are sacrificing accuracy for speed. Here we tested these contrasting hypotheses. We measured motion of the eyes, head, and arm in healthy humans during various elementary movements (saccades, head-free gaze shifts, and reaching). For each person we characterized their vigor, i.e., the speed with which they moved a body part (peak velocity) with respect to the population mean. Some moved with low vigor, while others moved with high vigor. Those with high vigor tended to react sooner to a visual stimulus, moving both their eyes and arm with a shorter reaction time. Arm and head vigor were tightly linked: individuals who moved their head with high vigor also moved their arm with high vigor. However, eye vigor did not correspond strongly with arm or head vigor. In all modalities, vigor had no impact on end-point accuracy, demonstrating that differences in vigor were not due to a speed-accuracy trade-off. Our results suggest that movement vigor may be a trait of individuality, not reflecting a willingness to accept inaccuracy but demonstrating a propensity to expend effort. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A common aspect of individuality is how we evaluate economic variables like reward and effort. This valuation affects not only decision making but also motor control, raising the possibility that vigor may be distinct between individuals but conserved across movements within an individual. Here we report conservation of vigor across elementary skeletal movements, but not eye movements, raising the possibility that the individuality of our movements may be driven by a common neural mechanism of effort evaluation across modalities of skeletal motor control.

A Dynamic Speed vs. Accuracy Trade-Off (DSAT) Paradigm for Measuring and Training Grip Force Control for Stroke Population

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam H. Kim ◽  
Michael Wininger ◽  
Gail Forrest ◽  
Thomas Edwards ◽  
William Craelius
Keyword(s):  
Grip Force ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Stroke Population ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
And Training

A fundamental principle of human motor behavior states that the accuracy of targeted movements relates reciprocally to their speed. This is quantified by Fitts’ Law, wherein movement time (MT) and index of difficulty (ID), the log2 ratio of target distance (A) to target height (H) has logarithmic linear relationship; MT = a+b·log2(2A/H) = a+b·ID. The slope, b (seconds/bits), measures targeting performance as the time spent at each difficulty level, expressed as bits of information to be processed by the neuromotor system [1, 2]. Fitts’ paradigm is a common measure of the kinematic performance of the upper limb, but has not been applied to its dynamic performance. Herein, we developed a dynamic speed-accuracy trade-off (DSAT) test of grip force modulation, which can be used both for assessment and training.

Speed and Accuracy of Eye-Gaze Pointing

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 705-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Fen Chi ◽  
Chia-Liang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Target Size ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Starting Position ◽  
Fitts Law ◽  
Saccadic Movement ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

The current experiment examined the speed-accuracy trade-off of saccadic movement between two targets. Ten subjects looked alternately at two targets as fast and as accurately as possible for 2 min. under different conditions of target size, distance between targets, and direction of eye movement. Saccadic movement of the left eye was tracked and recorded with an infrared eye monitoring device to compute the starting position, ending position, and duration of each saccadic movement. Eye-movement time was significantly related to target size and distance between targets, but the speed-accuracy trade-off was significantly different from that predicted by Fitts' Law. Reaction time was not significantly changed by the direction of eye movement.

Evidence for Slowing as a Function of Index of Difficulty in Young Adults With Down Syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 411-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Y. Lam ◽  
Nicola J. Hodges ◽  
Naznin Virji-Babul ◽  
Mark L. Latash
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Index Of Difficulty ◽  
Speed Accuracy

Abstract Speed–accuracy trade-offs in persons with Down syndrome and typically developing controls were tested with a Fitts' task. Movement time scaled linearly with index of difficulty in both groups, and there were no accuracy differences. Persons with Down syndrome were slower than typically developing individuals. Regression analysis on movement time and index of difficulty showed a nearly two-fold higher regression coefficient and a nearly three-fold larger intercept value in the Down syndrome group. The dwell time on a target was much longer for Down syndrome persons but scaled with index of difficulty in about the same percentage for participants in both groups. Because of differences primarily related to scaling, we conclude that mechanisms of motor control are similar in Down syndrome and typically developing groups.

Dual Goals for Speed and Accuracy on the Same Performance Task

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olive Emil Wetter ◽  
Jürgen Wegge ◽  
Klaus Jonas ◽  
Klaus-Helmut Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Memory Scanning ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Performance Tasks ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Sternberg Paradigm ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

In most work contexts, several performance goals coexist, and conflicts between them and trade-offs can occur. Our paper is the first to contrast a dual goal for speed and accuracy with a single goal for speed on the same task. The Sternberg paradigm (Experiment 1, n = 57) and the d2 test (Experiment 2, n = 19) were used as performance tasks. Speed measures and errors revealed in both experiments that dual as well as single goals increase performance by enhancing memory scanning. However, the single speed goal triggered a speed-accuracy trade-off, favoring speed over accuracy, whereas this was not the case with the dual goal. In difficult trials, dual goals slowed down scanning processes again so that errors could be prevented. This new finding is particularly relevant for security domains, where both aspects have to be managed simultaneously.

Quantitative Models of Motor Responses Subject to Longitudinal, Lateral, and Preview Constraints

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarald O. Kvålseth
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
First Order ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Index Of Difficulty

First- and second-order linear models of mean movement time for serial arm movements aimed at a target and subject to preview constraints and lateral constraints were formulated as extensions of the so-called Fitts's law of motor control. These models were validated on the basis of experimental data from five subjects and found to explain from 80% to 85% of the variation in movement time in the case of the first-order models and from 93% to 95% of such variation for the second-order models. Fitts's index of difficulty (ID) was generally found to contribute more to the movement time than did either the preview ID or the lateral ID defined. Of the different types of errors, target overshoots occurred far more frequently than undershoots.

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