scholarly journals Publication Trends in Personality and Individual Differences, 1980–2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory D. Webster ◽  
Imani Turner ◽  
Joy Ellen Losee ◽  
Elizabeth Mahar ◽  
Val Wongsomboon
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Title Word ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Emerging Topics ◽  
Over Time

An analysis including 679 articles from the journal Personality and Individual Differences (PAID) investigated trends from 1980 to 2018. Time periods were separated into three groups: 1980–1984, 2000, and 2018. First, the number of title words per article was examined, which showed a linear increase over time. Second, the most frequent words per PAID article were investigated over time. The most frequent title words across three time points were, predictably, “personality,” “individual,” and “differences.” Title word frequencies also unveiled trends such as the adoption of the Big Five and Dark Triad traits, and an increasing interest in latent modeling of personality traits. Third, we explored the number of authors per article, which showed a linear increase across the three time points. Lastly, we identified the most-cited articles from 1980 to 2018. Themes from some of the most influential articles included scale development, scale and construct comparisons, review articles, and innovative methods. Although personality psychology has some constant themes over time, these findings suggest that it continues to be an influential and dynamic field open to incorporating emerging topics and evolving trends over time.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Genetic Analysis for Loneliness in Dutch Twins

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorret I. Boomsma ◽  
John T. Cacioppo ◽  
Bengt Muthén ◽  
Tihomir Asparouhov ◽  
Shaunna Clark
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Twin Data ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Longitudinal Growth Modeling ◽  
Dutch Twins ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIn previous studies we obtained evidence that variation in loneliness has a genetic component. Based on adult twin data, the heritability estimate for loneliness, which was assessed as an ordinal trait, was 48%. These analyses were done on loneliness scores averaged over items (‘I feel lonely’ and ‘Nobody loves me’) and over time points. In this article we present a longitudinal analysis of loneliness data assessed in 5 surveys (1991 through 2002) in Dutch twins (N = 8389) for the two separate items of the loneliness scale. From the longitudinal growth modeling it was found sufficient to have non-zero variance for the intercept only, while the other effects (linear, quadratic and cubic slope) had zero variance. For the item ‘I feel lonely’ we observed an increasing age trend up to age 30, followed by a decline to age 50. Heritability for individual differences in the intercept was estimated at 77%. For the item ‘Nobody loves me’ no significant trend over age was seen; the heritability of the intercept was estimated at 70%.

Movies About Intelligence

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Nature Versus Nurture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Iq Tests

There is a strong tendency for the same people to do better or worse on a wide variety of IQ tests. On this basis, some psychologists posit the concept of g, or a general intelligence factor. Does g show that performance on a wide range of cognitive tasks is influenced by individual differences in brain quality? It may, but if so, g lacks a sociological dimension and cannot explain cognitive trends over time or assess their significance. It also encourages a paradox about nature versus nurture and oversimplifies the causes of the Black-White IQ gap.

The Effects of Lifting Frequency on the Dynamics of Lifting

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 650-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Mirka ◽  
Daniel P. Kelaher
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Over Time

The goal of this study was to quantify the effects of different lifting frequencies (3, 6 and 9 lifts/minute) at different lifting heights (30 and 60 cm) on the kinematics of the lumbar region. Each of these lifting tasks was performed for twenty minutes. The time dependent traces of the both the mean and standard deviation of sagittal acceleration showed subject dependent trends over time. Averaged across time, the results of this study reveal that there is a non-linear increase in the sagittal acceleration with greater frequency of lifting.

Personality Psychology

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent W. Roberts ◽  
Hee J. Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Over Time

Personality psychology, which seeks to study individual differences in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persist over time and place, has experienced a renaissance in the last few decades. It has also not been reviewed as a field in the Annual Review of Psychology since 2001. In this article, we seek to provide an update as well as a meta-organizational structure to the field. In particular, personality psychology has a prescribed set of four responsibilities that it implicitly or explicitly tackles as a field: ( a) describing what personality is—i.e., what the units of analysis in the field are; ( b) documenting how it develops; ( c) explaining the processes of personality and why they affect functioning; and ( d) providing a framework for understanding individuals and explaining their actions, feelings, and motivations. We review progress made over the last 20 years to address these four agendas and conclude by highlighting future directions and ongoing challenges to the field. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Ignoring individual differences in times of assessment in growth curve modeling

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Coulombe ◽  
James P. Selig ◽  
Harold D. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Growth Curve Modeling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
Over Time

Researchers often collect longitudinal data to model change over time in a phenomenon of interest. Inevitably, there will be some variation across individuals in specific time intervals between assessments. In this simulation study of growth curve modeling, we investigate how ignoring individual differences in time points when modeling change over time relates to convergence and admissibility of solutions, bias in estimates of parameters, efficiency, power to detect change over time, and Type I error rate. We manipulated magnitude of the individual differences in assessment times, distribution of assessment times, magnitude of change over time, number of time points, and sample size. In contrast to the correct analysis, ignoring individual differences in time points frequently led to inadmissible solutions, especially with few time points and small samples, regardless of the specific magnitude of individual differences that were ignored. Mean intercept and slope were generally estimated without bias. Ignoring individual differences in time points sometimes yielded overestimated intercept and slope variances and underestimated intercept–slope covariance and residual variance. Parameter efficiency as well as power and Type I error rates for the linear slope were unaffected by the type of analysis.

scholarly journals The dark triad: Facilitating a short‐term mating strategy in men

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K. Jonason ◽  
Norman P. Li ◽  
Gregory D. Webster ◽  
David P. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Mating Strategy ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Personality Psychology

This survey (N = 224) found that characteristics collectively known as the Dark Triad (i.e. narcissism, psychopathy and Machiavellianism) were correlated with various dimensions of short‐term mating but not long‐term mating. The link between the Dark Triad and short‐term mating was stronger for men than for women. The Dark Triad partially mediated the sex difference in short‐term mating behaviour. Findings are consistent with a view that the Dark Triad facilitates an exploitative, short‐term mating strategy in men. Possible implications, including that Dark Triad traits represent a bundle of individual differences that promote a reproductively adaptive strategy are discussed. Findings are discussed in the broad context of how an evolutionary approach to personality psychology can enhance our understanding of individual differences. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Immediate Self-information is Prioritized over Expanded Self-information across Temporal, Social, Spatial, and Probability Domains

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunji Kim ◽  
Arnd Florack
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Distant Location ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Over Time

People construct self-representation beyond the experiential self and the self-concept can expand to interpersonal as well as intrapersonal dimensions. The cognitive ability to project oneself onto expanded selves in different time points and places plays a crucial role in planning and decision making situations. However, no research to date has shown evidence explaining the early mechanism of how processing the experiential self-information differs from processing the expanded self-information across temporal, social, spatial, and probability domains. We report novel effects showing a systematic information prioritization towards the experiential selves (i.e., The self that is now, here, and with highest certainty) compared to the expanded selves (i.e., The self that is in the future, at a distant location, and with lower certainty; Experiments 1a, 2, and 3). Implicit prioritization biases lasted over time (Experiment 1b; i.e., 4 months) indicating a trait-like more than a state-like measure of individual differences. Different biases, however, did not consistently correlate with each other (Experiments 1a to 3) suggesting separate underlying mechanisms. We discuss potential links to the basic structure of self-representation and individual differences for implications.

Individual differences and consistency in maternal talk style during joint story encoding and retrospection: Associations with children’s long-term recall

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Low ◽  
Kevin Durkin
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Story Recall ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Children's Memory ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
Over Time

The manner in which parents and children reminisce about personal events has received increasing attention over the last decade as it has important implications for children’s memory performance. How individual differences in maternal talk style relate to children’s story recall is less clear. The present study examined stylistic consistencies and changes between initial mother-child online encoding of a story event (T1) and between mother-child retrospections about the same story event 4 months later (T2), 8 months later (T3), and 12 months later (T4). Twenty-four children, 72-months-old at T1, and their mothers participated. During story encoding, mothers could be classi” ed as high or low elaborative. Relative differences between these maternal groups endured over time. Children of high elaborative mothers contributed more story information than children of low elaborative mothers at each of the four time points. Constraints and implications of the study are discussed.

scholarly journals Personality Psychology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent Roberts ◽  
Heejun Roy Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Over Time

Personality psychology, which seeks to study individual differences in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persist over time and place, has experienced a renaissance in the last few decades. It has also not been reviewed as a field in the Annual Review since 2001 (Funder, 2001). In this chapter, we seek to provide an update, while also providing a meta-organizational structure to the field. In particular, personality psychology has a prescribed set of four responsibilities that it implicitly or explicitly tackles as a field: (a) describe what personality is—the units of analysis in the field; (b) document how it develops; (c) explain the processes of personality and why they affect functioning; and (d) provide a framework for understanding individuals and explaining their actions, feelings, and motivations. We review progress made over the last 20 years to address these four agendas and finish with a section highlighting future directions and ongoing challenges to the field.

scholarly journals Differences in the Between–Person and Within–Person Structures of Affect Are A Matter of Degree

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Brose ◽  
Manuel C. Voelkle ◽  
Martin Lövdén ◽  
Ulman Lindenberger ◽  
Florian Schmiedek
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
European Association ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Over Time

This study tested whether the structure of affect observed on the basis of between–person (BP) differences is equivalent to the affect structures that organize the variability of affective states within persons (WP) over time. Further aims were to identify individual differences in the degree of divergence between the WP and BP structure and examine its association to dispositional and contextual variables (neuroticism, extraversion, well–being and stress). In 100 daily sessions, 101 younger adults rated their mood on the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Variability of five negative affect items across time was so low that they were excluded from the analyses. We thus worked with a modified negative affect subscale. WP affect structures diverged reliably from the BP structure, with individual differences in the degree of divergence. Differences in the WP structural characteristics and the degree of divergence could be predicted by well–being and stress. We conclude that BP and WP structures of affect are not equivalent and that BP and WP variation should be considered as distinct phenomena. It would be wrong, for example, to conceive of positive and negative affect as independent at the WP level, as suggested by BP findings. Yet, individual differences in WP structural characteristics are related to stable BP differences, and the degree to which individuals’ affect structures diverge from the BP structure can provide important insights into intraindividual functioning. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document