The Reliability of Multidimensional Scales: A Comparison of Confidence Intervals and a Bayesian Alternative

The reliability of a multidimensional test instrument is commonly estimated using coefficients ωt (total) and ωh (hierarchical) based on a factor model approach. However, point estimates for the coefficients are rarely accompanied by uncertainty estimates. In this study we compare several methods to obtain confidence intervals for the two coefficients: bootstrap and normal-theory intervals. In addition, we adapt methodology from Bayesian structural equation modeling to develop Bayesian versions of coefficients ωt and ωh by sampling from a second-order factor model. Results from a comprehensive simulation study show that the bootstrap standard error confidence interval, the bootstrap standard error log-transformed confidence interval, the Wald confidence interval, and the Bayesian credible interval perform well across a wide range of conditions. This study provides researchers with more information about the ωt and ωh confidence intervals they wish to report in their research. Moreover, the study introduces ωt and ωh credible intervals that are easy to use and come with all the benefits of Bayesian parameter estimation.

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A New Dimension of Organizational Justice: Procedural Voice

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.105.2.411-426 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 105 (2) ◽

pp. 411-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Denise Jepsen ◽

John Rodwell

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Organizational Justice ◽

Latent Variable ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Factor Model ◽

Model Fit ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Wide Range

Dimensionality of the Colquitt justice measures was investigated across a wide range of service occupations. Structural equation modeling of data from 410 survey respondents found support for the 4-factor model of justice (procedural, distributive, interpersonal, and informational), although significant improvement of model fit was obtained by including a new latent variable, “procedural voice,” which taps employees' desire to express their views and feelings and influence results. The model was confirmed in a second sample ( N = 505) in the same organization six months later.

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The Structure of Academic Self-Concept: A Methodological Review and Empirical Illustration of Central Models

Review of Educational Research ◽

10.3102/0034654320972186 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 003465432097218

Author(s):

A. Katrin Arens ◽

Malte Jansen ◽

Franzis Preckel ◽

Isabelle Schmidt ◽

Martin Brunner

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Structural Model ◽

Factor Model ◽

Self Concept ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Data Set ◽

Methodological Review ◽

Motivational Constructs ◽

Wide Range ◽

Order Factor

The structure of academic self-concept (ASC) is assumed to be multidimensional and hierarchical. This methodological review considers the most central models depicting the structure of ASC: a higher-order factor model, the Marsh/Shavelson model, the nested Marsh/Shavelson model, a bifactor representation based on exploratory structural equation modeling, and a first-order factor model. We elaborate on how these models represent the theoretical assumptions on the structure of ASC and outline their inherent psychometric properties. We analyzed these models using a data set of German 10th-grade students (N = 1,232) including a wide range of domain-specific ASCs as well as general ASC. The correlations among ASCs and between ASCs and academic achievement varied depending on the structural model used. We conclude with discussing recommendations for research purposes and advantages and limitations of each ASC model. Our approach may also guide research on other affective or motivational constructs (e.g., academic anxiety or interest).

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A Psychometric Study of the Quality Perception Questionnaire

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000076 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 101-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Raffaele Cioffi† ◽

Anna Coluccia ◽

Fabio Ferretti ◽

Francesca Lorini ◽

Aristide Saggino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Factor Model ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Fit Indices ◽

Quality Perception ◽

Italian Survey ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Instrument Measuring ◽

Hospital Structures

The present paper reexamines the psychometric properties of the Quality Perception Questionnaire (QPQ), an Italian survey instrument measuring patients’ perceptions of the quality of a recent hospital admission experience, in a sample of 4400 patients (Mage = 56.42 years; SD = 19.71 years, 48.8% females). The 14-item survey measures four factors: satisfaction with medical doctors, nursing staff, auxiliary staff, and hospital structures. First, we tested two models using a confirmatory factor analysis (structural equation modeling): a four orthogonal factor and a four oblique factor model. The SEM fit indices and the χ² difference suggested the acceptance of the second model. We then did a simulation using a bootstrap with 1000 replications. Results confirmed the four oblique factor solution. Third, we tested whether there were significant differences with respect to age or sex. The multivariate general linear model showed no significant differences in the factors with respect to sex or age.

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Working Memory, Mental Prospection, Time Orientation, and Cognitive Insight

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000111 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 159-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sevtap Cinan ◽

Aslı Doğan

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Factor Model ◽

Time Orientation ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Cognitive Insight ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Three Factor

This research is new in its attempt to take future time orientation, morningness orientation, and prospective memory as measures of mental prospection, and to examine a three-factor model that assumes working memory, mental prospection, and cognitive insight are independent but related higher-order cognitive constructs by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The three-factor model produced a good fit to the data. An alternative one-factor model was tested and rejected. The results suggest that working memory and cognitive insight are distinguishable, related constructs, and that both are distinct from, but negatively associated with, mental prospection. In addition, structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that working memory had a strong positive effect on cognitive insight and a moderate negative effect on mental prospection.

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Practicing Green Residence Business Model Based on TPB Perspective

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7379

Author(s):

Chao Wu ◽

Shuling Liang ◽

Weijiong Wu ◽

Yuxiang Hong

Keyword(s):

Business Model ◽

Purchase Intention ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Steel Structure ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Intention To Purchase ◽

Wide Range ◽

Green Business

Green residence is the future of urban development, it is also an attempt to implement the green business model in the residential business field. The key to the success of a green business model is that a wide range of customers can accept its green value proposition and react to it through their purchase decisions. This study aims to develop a theory of a planned behavior (TPB) research model to predict individuals’ intention to purchase green residence. This study took steel structure residence as an example, which was widely recognized as one emerging type of green residence. The samples were selected in Baotou city of Inner Mongolia, P.R. China. Data analysis was performed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) with data obtained from a survey of 208 respondents using SPSS19.0 and AMOS17.0. The results found that the individuals’ intention to purchase green residence was significantly affected by attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Moreover, the empirical evidence showed that these influences differed between different gender groups. Specifically, women responders had a stronger effect on the path attitude impact on purchase intention than men. These findings can provide implications for practicing the green business model of real estate enterprise.

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On the Structure of Affect

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000434 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 229 (1) ◽

pp. 24-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nadine Wedderhoff ◽

Timo Gnambs ◽

Oliver Wedderhoff ◽

Tanja Burgard ◽

Michael Bošnjak

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Factor Model ◽

Self Report ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Correlation Matrices ◽

The World ◽

Best Fit ◽

Cross National

Abstract. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson et al., 1988 ) is a popular self-report questionnaire that is administered all over the world. Though originally developed to measure two independent factors, different models have been proposed in the literature. Comparisons among alternative models as well as analyses concerning their robustness in cross-national research have left an inconclusive picture. Therefore, the present study evaluates the dimensionality of the PANAS and differences between English and translated versions of the PANAS using a meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach. Correlation matrices from 57 independent samples ( N = 54,043) were pooled across subsamples. For both English and non-English samples, a correlated two-factor model including correlated uniquenesses provided the best fit. However, measurement invariance analyses indicated differences in factor loadings between subsamples. Thus, cross-national application of the PANAS might only be justified if measurement equivalence was explicitly tested for the countries at hand.

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Privacy helplessness on social media: its constituents, antecedents and consequences

Internet Research ◽

10.1108/intr-05-2020-0269 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Hichang Cho

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Model ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Factor Model ◽

Measurement Model ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Content Type ◽

Internet Users ◽

The Usa ◽

Antecedents And Consequences

PurposeMany internet users exhibit signs of privacy helplessness and entirely give up online privacy management. However, we know little about what privacy helplessness is, when users are likely to experience it and its implications for privacy behavior. The objectives of this study were twofold: (a) the conceptual explication of privacy helplessness as a novel construct in privacy research and (b) the development of a theoretical model that specifies the antecedents and consequences of privacy helplessness.Design/methodology/approachA research model of privacy helplessness that contains three subcomponents of privacy helplessness, five antecedents and one outcome was developed. The model was empirically examined based on survey data collected from 589 Facebook users in the USA.FindingsThe results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that privacy helplessness is adequately assessed by a three-factor model with affective, cognitive and motivational components. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that these three aspects of privacy helplessness are uniquely predicted by five theoretical factors: (a) prior experience of privacy risks, (b) personal mastery, (c) perceived costs of adaptive privacy actions, (d) perceived rewards of privacy inactions and (e) perceived vulnerability. Furthermore, it was found that helplessness as motivational deficits (and cognitive helplessness via this) impedes adaptive privacy actions, while cognitive helplessness promotes adaptive privacy actions when they do not result in motivational deficits.Originality/valueThis study pioneers investigation in understanding key constituents, attributes and processes underlying privacy helplessness. First, the present study developed the first theory-derived, successively validated measurement model of privacy helplessness. Second, this research proposed a theoretical model of privacy helplessness, specifying antecedents and consequences of privacy helplessness.

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Initial Validation of the Teacher-Created Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire in Physical Education

Journal of Teaching in Physical Education ◽

10.1123/jtpe.2018-0119 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 340-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Daniel Milton ◽

Paul R. Appleton ◽

Anna Bryant ◽

Joan L. Duda

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Secondary School ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Factor Model ◽

Motivational Climate ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Physical Education Teachers ◽

Parameter Estimates ◽

Two Samples ◽

Secondary School Pupils

Purpose: Guided by Duda’s hierarchical conceptualization of the motivational climate that draws from self-determination and achievement goal theories, this study provides initial evidence of the psychometric properties of the Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire in physical education (EDMCQ-PE). Method: Questionnaire based with two samples of Welsh secondary school pupils. Results: Exploratory structural equation modeling provided a better fit of the data to the hypothesized model than confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, a two-factor composite (i.e., empowering and disempowering) lower-order model provided an acceptable fit and clear parameter estimates. This two-factor model also demonstrated scalar gender measurement invariance. Discussion: The evidence from this study suggests the EDMCQ-PE is a promising scale for the assessment of secondary school pupils’ perceptions of the empowering and disempowering features of the motivational climate created by their physical education teachers. Conclusion: Moving forward, the statistical approach employed in this paper can inform future studies that develop questionnaire methodology in physical education and from an applied perspective; the EDMCQ-PE can be used by researchers and teachers to assess the motivational climate in PE and help inform the pedagogy underpinning teachers’ classes.

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Assessment of decrease in renal function associated with hypothyroidism

World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.1.0477 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 275-286

Author(s):

Ayesha Ammar ◽

Kahkashan Bashir Mir ◽

Sadaf Batool ◽

Noreen Marwat ◽

Maryam Saeed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Creatinine Clearance ◽

Confidence Intervals ◽

Standard Error ◽

Radioactive Iodine ◽

T Test ◽

Euthyroid State ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Objective: Study was aimed to see the effects of hypothyroidism on GFR as a renal function. Material and methods: Total of Fifty-eight patients were included in the study. Out of those forty-eight patients were female and the rest were male. Out of fifty eight patients, fifty three patients were of thyroid cancer in which hypothyroidism was due to discontinuation of thyroxine before the administration of radioactive iodine for Differentiated thyroid cancer.Moreover, remaining five patients were post radioactive iodine treatment (for hyperthyroidism) hypothyroid. All of the patients were above eighteen years of age with TSH value > 30µIU/ml. Pregnant and lactating females were excluded.Renal function tests (urea/creatinine, creatinine clearance) and serum electrolytes followed by Tc-99m-DTPA renal scan for GFR assessment (GATES’ method) were carried out in all subjects twice during the study, One study during hypothyroid state (TSH > 30 µIU/ml) and other during euthyroid state (TSH between 0.4 to 4µ IU/ml). The results of Student’s t-test showed significant difference in renal functions (Urea, creatinine, creatinine clearance, GFR values) in euthyroid state and hypothyroid state (p-value <0.05). RESULTS: In case of creatinine the paired t test reveal the mean 1.014±0.428, with standard error of 0.669 within 95% confidence interval, for creatinine clearance 80.11±14.12 with standard error of 1.94 within 95% confidence intervals, for urea the mean 28±12.13 with standard error of 1.607 within 95% confidence intervals and for GFR for individual kidney is 38.056±8.56 with standard error of 1.3717 within 95% confidence interval. There was no difference in the outcome of the 2 groups. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism impairs renal function to a significant level and hence needs to be prevented and corrected as early as possible.

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An Empirical Research on Factors Influencing Purchase Intention of Mobile Shopping

Sinología hispánica ◽

10.18002/sin.v1i6.5491 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (6) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Luo Yong ◽

Li Shenghua

Keyword(s):

Purchase Intention ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Factor Model ◽

Influencing Factor ◽

Perceived Value ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Flow Experience ◽

Font Size ◽

Mobile Shopping ◽

The Impact

Based on the theory of Flow experience, this thesis combines the theory of perceived value with the theory of customer innovation, and constructs the influencing factor model of Smartphone users’ purchase intention. The paper aims to understand the impact of Flow experience in the intention of mobile shopping in China. To address this, an empirical study with 430 subjects was carried out. It collected the data by questionnaire with 5-point Likert scale, and used SPSS.22.0 and AMOS.21 to encode and analysis the data by the method of factor analysis, descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. The results indicate that flow experience has a significant positive effect on the purchase intention of mobile shopping, and customer innovation has a direct effect on flow experience which in turn impacts purchase intention. Furthermore, this study also reveals that perceived value influence mobile shopping deeply. Key words: Mobile shopping

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