scholarly journals Personality Change: Longitudinal Self-Other Agreement and Convergence With Retrospective-Reports

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Oltmanns ◽  
Joshua James Jackson ◽  
Thomas Oltmanns
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Retrospective Reports

The research literature on personality development is based mostly on self-report studies and on samples in younger adulthood. The present multi-method study examines self–other agreement on longitudinal personality change and convergence between self- and informant-reports of longitudinal and retrospective personality change in older adulthood. It provides a rare validation test of longitudinal measurements of personality change. A representative community sample of 1,630 older adults (M age = 62.5) and their informants completed self- and informant-personality assessments across three waves that were on average 6.5 years apart. Self- and informant-reports of retrospective personality change were collected at the third wave. Latent growth modeling was used to examine longitudinal personality change, longitudinal self–other agreement on personality change, and convergence between longitudinal and retrospective personality change in each five-factor model domain. Older adults in the present study reported less change than has been found in younger samples; however, both self- and informant-reports indicated declines in extraversion. Results showed strong self–other agreement on longitudinal personality change in all five-factor model domains, moderate correspondence between longitudinal and retrospective-reports of change within-method (i.e., within self- or informant-report), modest self–other agreement on retrospective-reports, and little association between longitudinal and retrospective change across-method (i.e., between self- and informant-reports). Findings provide validation evidence for both longitudinal and retrospective assessments of personality change, indicate that informants provide unique perspectives on personality change, and could have potentially important implications for research, assessment, and clinical settings.

Discrepancies in Self- and Informant-Reports of Personality Pathology: Examining the DSM-5 Section III Trait Model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Carnovale ◽  
Erika Carlson ◽  
Lena C. Quilty ◽  
Michael Bagby
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Potential Approach ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Severity Scores

A proposed feature of personality pathology involves disturbances in identity, of which a lack of insight is one such manifestation. From recommendations in the literature, one potential approach to assess and quantify such impairment and link it to personality pathology, would be to obtain self- and informant reports and subsequently index the degree personality pathology severity exacerbates self-other discrepancies. The current study examines the degree to which self- and informant-reports of DSM-5 Section III trait scores are discrepant (i.e., mean-level discrepancies and correlational accuracy), as well as whether general personality pathology severity moderates these characteristics. Target participants (N = 208) in an elevated-risk community sample completed the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), and knowledgeable informants rated targets using the informant version of the PID-5. General personality pathology severity was assessed via an aggregate of Five Factor Model PD prototype scores derived from self-report, informant-report, and interview ratings. Mean-level discrepancies and correlational accuracy (and their moderation by general personality pathology) for PID-5 domains, facets, and PD scores were subsequently examined. Results suggested that targets tended to mostly rate themselves only slightly lower than informants across all PID-5 scores (median dz = .21), and correlational accuracy across all PID-5 scores was moderate (median r = .33). Importantly, however, mean-level discrepancies increased as general personality pathology severity scores increased. Implications and future directions for the multi-method assessment of dimensional personality pathology are discussed.

The Metacognitions Questionnaire–30: An Examination of a Bifactor Model and Measurement Invariance Among Men and Women in a Community Sample

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Fergus ◽  
Joseph R. Bardeen
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The Metacognitions Questionnaire–30 (MCQ-30) is a self-report measure that assesses metacognitive beliefs (i.e., beliefs about thinking). Prior research has supported a correlated five-factor model, but no known published study has examined the tenability of second-order or bifactor models of the MCQ-30. Results supported a bifactor model of the MCQ-30 in a sample of community adults from the United States ( N = 785), as well as separately among men ( n = 372) and women ( n = 413). Multiple-groups confirmatory factor analysis supported the configural and metric/scalar invariance of the bifactor model among men and women. Results further supported the incremental validity of one of the MCQ-30 domain-specific factors in accounting for unique variance in an index of health anxiety beyond the general metacognition factor. Results provide support for a bifactor conceptualization of the MCQ-30 and the invariance of that model across men and women.

scholarly journals Examining changes in personality following shamanic ceremonial use of ayahuasca

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Weiss ◽  
Joshua D. Miller ◽  
Nathan T. Carter ◽  
W. Keith Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Pronounced Change ◽  
Informant Report ◽  
Report Data

AbstractThe present study examines the association between the ceremonial use of ayahuasca—a decoction combining the Banistereopsis caapi vine and N,N-Dimethyltryptamine-containing plants—and changes in personality traits as conceived by the Five-Factor model (FFM). We also examine the degree to which demographic characteristics, baseline personality, and acute post-ayahuasca experiences affect personality change. Participants recruited from three ayahuasca healing and spiritual centers in South and Central America (N = 256) completed self-report measures of personality at three timepoints (Baseline, Post, 3-month Follow-up). Informant-report measures of the FFM were also obtained (N = 110). Linear mixed models were used to examine changes in personality and the moderation of those changes by covariates. The most pronounced change was a reduction in Neuroticism dzself-reportT1–T2 =  − 1.00; dzself-reportT1–T3 =  − .85; dzinformant-reportT1–T3 =  − .62), reflected in self- and informant-report data. Moderation of personality change by baseline personality, acute experiences, and purgative experiences was also observed.

scholarly journals Examining Changes in Personality Following Shamanic Ceremonial Use of Ayahuasca

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Weiss ◽  
Joshua Miller ◽  
Nathan Carter ◽  
W. Keith Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Pronounced Change ◽  
Informant Report ◽  
Report Data

Abstract The present study examines the association between the ceremonial use of ayahuasca – a decoction combining the Banistereopsis caapi vine and N,N Dimethyltryptamine-containing plants – and changes in personality traits as conceived by the Five-Factor model (FFM); as well as the degree to which demographic characteristics, baseline personality, and acute post-ayahuasca experiences affect personality change. Method: Participants recruited from three ayahuasca healing and spiritual centers in South and Central America (N=256) completed self-report measures of personality at three timepoints (Baseline, Post, 3-Month Follow-up). Informant-report measures of the FFM were also obtained (N=110). Results: Linear mixed models were used to examine changes in personality and the moderation of those changes by covariates. The most pronounced change was a reduction in Neuroticism dself-reportT1-T2=1.00; dself-reportT1-T3=.85; dinformant-reportT1-T3=.62), reflected in self- and informant-report data. Moderation of personality change by baseline personality, acute experiences, and purgative experiences was also observed.

scholarly journals Pathological Traits and Interpersonal Difficulties in Depressed Older Adults: Clinical versus Community Sampling

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 898-898
Author(s):  
George Lederer ◽  
David Freedman ◽  
Lauren Atlas ◽  
Shira Kafker ◽  
Ira Yenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Inventory Of Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Personality Traits And Processes

Abstract Personality pathology, represented by high neuroticism and low agreeableness in the Five Factor Model of Personality, has been identified as a predictor of depression in mixed-age samples and preliminary studies of older adults. Research on older people, however, has not examined the differential impact of pathological personality traits and processes on depression or examined them across treatment settings. This secondary analysis examined personality traits and processes as predictors of depression, evaluated the moderating effect of interpersonal problems, and assessed stratification of these personality variables across community and clinical settings. Older adults (N=395) ranging in age from 55 to 99 (M = 72.06; SD = 10.10) from inpatient psychiatric, outpatient medical, and community settings completed self-report measures of personality traits (NEO-FFI Agreeableness and Neuroticism), processes (Inventory of Interpersonal Problems), and depression (GDS-30). Higher neuroticism predicted worsened depressive symptoms (β = .765, p < .001), as did lower agreeableness (β = -.163, p = .002) and more interpersonal problems (β = .459, p < .001). Findings partially supported the stratification of personality traits and processes by setting. Interpersonal problems moderated neither the neuroticism-depression or agreeableness-depression relationships. Personality traits and processes predict depression in older adults across care settings but do not significantly interact. Levels of pathological traits and processes vary across community and clinical settings.

scholarly journals Five-Factor Model Personality Disorder Traits, Health Behaviors, Health Perceptions, and Insomnia Symptoms in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Oltmanns ◽  
Thomas A. Widiger
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Categorical Models ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Personality traits predict physical health outcomes, including health behaviors, disease, and mortality. Maladaptive traits of personality disorders may predict even more variance in physical health indicators. Dimensional models of maladaptive personality traits are replacing categorical models of personality disorder, and the Five-Factor Model of personality disorder (FFMPD) is a useful dimensional model of maladaptive traits. However, there has been little work investigating the criterion validity of the FFMPD. The present study serves as a broad initial overview of the FFMPD scales in the prediction of health behaviors, heath perceptions, and insomnia symptoms across two time points in a representative community sample of older adults (N = 1,060). Findings indicate that the FFMPD scales explain a significant amount of variance in the physical health variables across time. Exploratory analyses indicate that the FFMPD traits have incremental validity over covariates, normal-range personality traits, and personality disorder criteria.

Factorial Invariance of Child Self-Report Across English and Spanish Language Groups in a Hispanic Population Utilizing the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Newman ◽  
Christine A. Limbers ◽  
James W. Varni
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Factorial Invariance ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hispanic Population ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Related Quality

The measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children has witnessed significant international growth over the past decade in an effort to improve pediatric health and well-being, and to determine the value of health-care services. In order to compare international HRQOL research findings across language groups, it is important to demonstrate factorial invariance, i.e., that the items have an equivalent meaning across the language groups studied. This study examined the factorial invariance of child self-reported HRQOL across English- and Spanish-language groups in a Hispanic population of 2,899 children ages 8–18 utilizing the 23-item PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed specifying a five-factor model across language groups. The findings support an equivalent 5-factor structure across English- and Spanish-language groups. Based on these data, it can be concluded that children across the two languages studied interpreted the instrument in a similar manner. The multigroup CFA statistical methods utilized in the present study have important implications for cross-cultural assessment research in children in which different language groups are compared.

scholarly journals Personality and Insomnia Symptoms in Older Adults: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 578-579
Author(s):  
Darlynn Rojo-Wissar ◽  
Amal Wanigatunga ◽  
Eleanor Simonsick ◽  
Antonio Terracciano ◽  
Jennifer Schrack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Abstract Personality and disturbed sleep are tied to medical morbidity in older adults. We examined associations of personality dimensions and facets from the five-factor model with reports of insomnia symptoms in 1,069 well-functioning older adults 60-97 (SD=8.64) years (51% women) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Personality was assessed by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and insomnia symptoms measured by the Women’s Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale. Adjusting for demographics and depressive symptoms, higher neuroticism (B=0.05, SE=-0.01, p<.001) and lower conscientiousness (B=-0.03, SE=-0.01, p<.05) were associated with greater insomnia severity. Although openness, extraversion and agreeableness were not associated with insomnia, a facet of each was. Higher scores on the “positive emotions” facet of extraversion (B =-0.03, SE=-0.01, p<.05) “ideas” facet of openness (B=-0.03, SE=-0.01, p<.05) and altruism facet of agreeableness (B=-0.03, SE=-0.01, p<.05) were associated with lower insomnia severity. Sleep disturbances may partially mediate personality’s influence on health. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Sleep, Circadian Rhythms and Aging Interest Group.

Borderline Personality Disorder: Associations Between Dimensional Personality Profiles and Self-Destructive Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Kolbeck ◽  
Steffen Moritz ◽  
Julia Bierbrodt ◽  
Christina Andreou
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Risk Preference ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Destructive Behaviors

Ongoing research is shifting towards a dimensional understanding of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Aim of this study was to identify personality profiles in BPD that are predictive of self-destructive behaviors. Personality traits were assessed (n = 130) according to the five-factor model of personality (i.e., Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) and an additional factor called Risk Preference. Self-destructive behavior parameters such as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and other borderline typical dyscontrolled behaviors (e.g., drug abuse) were assessed by self-report measures. Canonical correlation analyses demonstrated that Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness are predictors of NSSI. Further, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Risk Preference were associated with dyscontrolled behaviors. Our results add further support on personality-relevant self-destructive behaviors in BPD. A combined diagnostic assessment could offer clinically meaningful insights about the causes of self-destruction in BPD to expand current therapeutic repertoires.

scholarly journals The Five-Factor Personality Inventory for ICD-11: A Facet-Level Assessment of the ICD-11 Trait Model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Oltmanns ◽  
Thomas A. Widiger
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Theoretical Structure ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
Domain Level ◽  
Report Measure

The ICD-11 includes a dimensional model of personality disorder assessing five domains of maladaptive personality. To avoid unnecessary complexity, the ICD-11 model includes assessment of personality traits only at the domain level. A measure exists to assess the domains of the ICD-11 model (the Personality Inventory for ICD-11; PiCD), yet a more rich and useful assessment of personality is provided at the facet level. We used items from the scales assessing the five-factor model of personality disorder (FFMPD) to develop the Five-Factor Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (FFiCD), a new 121-item, 20-facet, self-report measure of the ICD-11 maladaptive personality domains at the facet level. Further, the FFiCD includes 47 short scales organized beneath the facets—at the “nuance” level. Items were selected and evaluated empirically across two independent data collections, and the resulting scales were further validated in a third data collection. Correlational and factor analytic results comparing the scales of the FFiCD to the five-factor model, PiCD, and Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) supported the validity of the theoretical structure of the FFiCD and the ICD-11 model. The FFiCD may be a useful instrument for clinicians and researchers interested in a more specific assessment of maladaptive personality according to the dimensional ICD-11 personality disorder model.

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