scholarly journals A simple self-reflection intervention boosts the detection of targeted advertising

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Lorenz-Spreen ◽  
Michael Geers ◽  
Thorsten Pachur ◽  
Ralph Hertwig ◽  
Stephan Lewandowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Feedback ◽  
Policy Mix ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Total N ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Targeted Advertising ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Advertising Strategies ◽  
Improve Accuracy

Online platforms collect and infer detailed information about people and their behaviour, giving advertisers an unprecedented ability to reach specific groups of recipients. This ability to "microtarget" messages contrasts with people's limited knowledge of what data platforms hold and how those data are used. Two online experiments (total N = 828) demonstrated that a short, simple intervention prompting participants to reflect on a targeted personality dimension boosted their ability to correctly identify the ads that were targeted at them by up to 26 percentage points. Merely providing a description of the targeted personality dimension did not improve accuracy; accuracy increased when participants completed a short questionnaire assessing the personality dimension---even when no personalized feedback was provided. We argue that such "boosting approaches," which improve peoples' ability to detect advertising strategies, should be part of a policy mix aiming to increase platforms' transparency and give people the competences necessary to reclaim their autonomy online.

scholarly journals Boosting people’s ability to detect microtargeted advertising

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Lorenz-Spreen ◽  
Michael Geers ◽  
Thorsten Pachur ◽  
Ralph Hertwig ◽  
Stephan Lewandowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personalized Feedback ◽  
Policy Mix ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Online Experiments ◽  
Political Candidate ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Improve Accuracy

AbstractOnline platforms’ data give advertisers the ability to “microtarget” recipients’ personal vulnerabilities by tailoring different messages for the same thing, such as a product or political candidate. One possible response is to raise awareness for and resilience against such manipulative strategies through psychological inoculation. Two online experiments (total $$N= 828$$ N = 828 ) demonstrated that a short, simple intervention prompting participants to reflect on an attribute of their own personality—by completing a short personality questionnaire—boosted their ability to accurately identify ads that were targeted at them by up to 26 percentage points. Accuracy increased even without personalized feedback, but merely providing a description of the targeted personality dimension did not improve accuracy. We argue that such a “boosting approach,” which here aims to improve people’s competence to detect manipulative strategies themselves, should be part of a policy mix aiming to increase platforms’ transparency and user autonomy.

DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC RESIDUES AS AFFECTED BY VARIOUS DRYLAND SPRING WHEAT-FALLOW ROTATIONS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. DORMAAR ◽  
U. J. PITTMAN
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Total N ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Annual Application

Three non-replicated, non-fertilized, dryland grain rotations — continuous wheat, wheat-fallow, and wheat-wheat-fallow — were established in 1912 on a Dark Brown Chernozemic soil. In 1967, the rotations were altered to include an annual application of 45 kg N/ha to a portion of each field. Above- and below-ground organic residue and soil were sampled in September 1975, April and August 1976, and April 1977 from both the fertilized and non-fertilized treatments of each rotation to measure the effects of the rotations on a number of chemical characteristics. The soil samples were analyzed for pH and contents of C, N, ethanol/benzene- and resin-extractable C, polysaccharides, and waterstable aggregates. The organic residues were analyzed for contents of C, N, ethanol/benzene-extractable C, lignin, and methoxyl groups, and for caloric content. The soils of the continuous wheat rotation contained the most C, total N, and polysaccharides, whereas the soils of the wheat-fallow rotation were about 12 percentage points higher in resin-extractable C than those of the continuous wheat or wheat-wheat-fallow rotations. The cultivated soils contained 47% less C, 46% less N, 53% less polysaccharides, 100% more solvent-extractable C, 49% more resin extractable C, and a slightly higher pH than the soils from the proximate native grassland. Individual rotations had little effect on the chemical composition of organic residues on the soil surface but did affect the decomposition and nature of subsurface plant residues.

Targeted Advertising Strategies on Television

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Gal-Or ◽  
Mordechai Gal-Or ◽  
Jerrold H. May ◽  
William E. Spangler
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Advertising ◽  
Advertising Strategies

Training for Wisdom: The Distanced-Self-Reflection Diary Method

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762096917
Author(s):  
Igor Grossmann ◽  
Anna Dorfman ◽  
Harrison Oakes ◽  
Henri C. Santos ◽  
Kathleen D. Vohs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Experiment Study ◽  
Intellectual Humility ◽  
Total N ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Third ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Diary Method ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Third Person

How can people wisely navigate social conflict? Two preregistered longitudinal experiments (Study 1: Canadian adults; Study 2: American and Canadian adults; total N = 555) tested whether encouraging distanced (i.e., third-person) self-reflection would help promote wisdom. Both experiments measured wise reasoning (i.e., intellectual humility, open-mindedness about how situations could unfold, consideration of and attempts to integrate diverse viewpoints) about challenging interpersonal events. In a month-long experiment (Study 1), participants used either a third- or first-person perspective in diary reflections on each day’s most significant experience. Compared with preintervention assessments, assessments made after the intervention revealed that participants reflecting in the third person showed a significant increase in wise reasoning about interpersonal challenges. These effects were statistically accounted for by shifts in diary-based reflections toward a broader self-focus. A week-long experiment (Study 2) replicated the third-person self-reflection effect on wise reasoning (vs. first-person and no-pronoun control conditions). These findings suggest an efficient and evidence-based method for fostering wise reasoning.

Outcomes: Promoting Reflective Practice Using Performance Indicator Questionnaires

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Pat McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Education ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Clinical Practicum ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Traditional Performance ◽  
The University

This article details the process of self-reflection applied to the use of traditional performance indicator questionnaires. The study followed eight speech-language pathology graduate students enrolled in clinical practicum in the university, school, and healthcare settings over a period of two semesters. Results indicated when reflection was focused on students' own clinical skills, modifications to practice were implemented. Results further concluded self-assessment using performance indicators paired with written reflections can be a viable form of instruction in clinical education.

Mental representation of economic crisis in Italian and Swiss samples 1The authors would like to thank Maurizio Mistri for his help in the construction of items. This research was supported by a grant from the Italian Murst (ex 40%).

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Savadori ◽  
Eraldo Nicotra ◽  
Rino Rumiati ◽  
Roberto Tamborini
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
National Context ◽  
Cluster Procedure ◽  
Total N ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Important Symptom

The content and structure of mental representation of economic crises were studied and the flexibility of the structure in different social contexts was tested. Italian and Swiss samples (Total N = 98) were compared with respect to their judgments as to how a series of concrete examples of events representing abstract indicators were relevant symptoms of economic crisis. Mental representations were derived using a cluster procedure. Results showed that the relevance of the indicators varied as a function of national context. The growth of unemployment was judged to be by far the most important symptom of an economic crisis but the Swiss sample judged bankruptcies as more symptomatic than Italians who considered inflation, raw material prices and external accounts to be more relevant. A different clustering structure was found for the two samples: the locations of unemployment and gross domestic production indicators were the main differences in representations.

The Conceptualization and Measurement of Job Crafting

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Wolfgang Lichtenthaler ◽  
Andrea Fischbach
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity Study ◽  
German Version ◽  
Total N ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
German Speaking

Abstract. This research redefined the job demands–resources (JD-R) job crafting model ( Tims & Bakker, 2010 ) to resolve theoretical and empirical inconsistencies regarding the crafting of job demands and developed a German version of the Job Crafting Scale (JCS; Tims, Bakker, & Derks, 2012 ) in two separate studies (total N = 512). In Study 1 the German version of the JCS was developed and tested for its factor structure, reliability, and construct validity. Study 2 dealt with the validity of our redefined JD-R job crafting model. The results show that, like the original version, the German version comprises four job crafting types, and the German version of the JCS is a valid and reliable generic measure that can be used for future research with German-speaking samples. Evidence for the redefined JD-R job crafting model was based on findings relating job crafting to work engagement and emotional exhaustion.

Violence and Sex as Advertising Strategies in Television Commercials

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Ferguson ◽  
Amanda M. Cruz ◽  
Daniel Martinez ◽  
Stephanie M. Rueda ◽  
Diana E. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Content ◽  
Television Show ◽  
Television Commercials ◽  
Brand Recall ◽  
Violent Content ◽  
Willingness To Buy ◽  
Advertising Strategies ◽  
Television Violence ◽  
The Impact

Despite several studies investigating the impact of sex and violence in television on consumer behavior and memory for products in commercials, results remain inconsistent and debated. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of television violence and sex on memory for commercials and willingness to buy products. Two hundred twelve young adults were assigned to watch either a sexual, violent, combined sexual and violent or neutral television show. Within each show were embedded 12 commercials, four violent, four sexual, and four neutral. Results indicated that violent or sexual content of the television show did not impair memory for commercials or willingness to buy products, and that sexual or violent content in the commercials themselves increased memory for those commercials. Implications for the current study are that violent or sexual shows may adequately function in attracting viewers’ attention, with sexual and violent content in the commercials themselves improving viewers memory for products. Use of violent or sexual content in commercials may thus be useful in advertising for brand recall.

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