scholarly journals Boosting people’s ability to detect microtargeted advertising

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Lorenz-Spreen ◽  
Michael Geers ◽  
Thorsten Pachur ◽  
Ralph Hertwig ◽  
Stephan Lewandowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personalized Feedback ◽  
Policy Mix ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Online Experiments ◽  
Political Candidate ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Improve Accuracy

AbstractOnline platforms’ data give advertisers the ability to “microtarget” recipients’ personal vulnerabilities by tailoring different messages for the same thing, such as a product or political candidate. One possible response is to raise awareness for and resilience against such manipulative strategies through psychological inoculation. Two online experiments (total $$N= 828$$ N = 828 ) demonstrated that a short, simple intervention prompting participants to reflect on an attribute of their own personality—by completing a short personality questionnaire—boosted their ability to accurately identify ads that were targeted at them by up to 26 percentage points. Accuracy increased even without personalized feedback, but merely providing a description of the targeted personality dimension did not improve accuracy. We argue that such a “boosting approach,” which here aims to improve people’s competence to detect manipulative strategies themselves, should be part of a policy mix aiming to increase platforms’ transparency and user autonomy.

scholarly journals A simple self-reflection intervention boosts the detection of targeted advertising

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Lorenz-Spreen ◽  
Michael Geers ◽  
Thorsten Pachur ◽  
Ralph Hertwig ◽  
Stephan Lewandowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Feedback ◽  
Policy Mix ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Total N ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Targeted Advertising ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Advertising Strategies ◽  
Improve Accuracy

Online platforms collect and infer detailed information about people and their behaviour, giving advertisers an unprecedented ability to reach specific groups of recipients. This ability to "microtarget" messages contrasts with people's limited knowledge of what data platforms hold and how those data are used. Two online experiments (total N = 828) demonstrated that a short, simple intervention prompting participants to reflect on a targeted personality dimension boosted their ability to correctly identify the ads that were targeted at them by up to 26 percentage points. Merely providing a description of the targeted personality dimension did not improve accuracy; accuracy increased when participants completed a short questionnaire assessing the personality dimension---even when no personalized feedback was provided. We argue that such "boosting approaches," which improve peoples' ability to detect advertising strategies, should be part of a policy mix aiming to increase platforms' transparency and give people the competences necessary to reclaim their autonomy online.

scholarly journals Research on General Programming Environment Technology Based on Web

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 01040
Author(s):  
Liu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Programming Environment ◽  
Online Experiments ◽  
C Language ◽  
Java Language ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Education Industry ◽  
Programming Solution

As the MOOC develops, many users have begun to gradually like and get used to programming learning on the MOOC platform, so virtual online experiments have become a hot spot in the online programming education industry, which is also known as online IDE or online programming environment. Compared with the traditional programming environment, the online programming environment does not require a complicated establishment of local environment, making it easy to be used. At the same time, the online programming environment can also be integrated into the MOOC for learning, and can also be combined with OJ for evaluation. However, the existing online programming environment usually only supports few programming languages, such as C language and Java language. Even some online platforms only have the online compiling function with one language. Based on the above phenomena, this paper will propose a general online programming solution. And based on the idea, a platform that supports multi-language online compiling function is built through simple code writing and the construction of server environment.

scholarly journals Mental Health: A Personality Analysis Exploring the Influence of Neuroticism

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa K Damodaran ◽  
Bipin P Varghese ◽  
Varghese Paul.K
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Health Index ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Illness Prevention ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Core Variable

Mental health is found to be reinforced by personality traits and among the Eysenck’s personality traits Neuroticism has a significant inverse influence on the behaviour. The current study examines the influence of neurotic personality dimension on the mental health among the youth in Kerala. The participants consisted of 211 undergraduate students between 18 to 24 years. The data were collected using the Mental Health Inventory and Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire-R, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results of MANOVA revealed that mental health of youth significantly differ based on neurotic dimension of their personality. The mean mental health index score was low among the high neurotics compared to the low neurotics. The results of Discriminant Analysis showed that among six dimensions of mental health, anxiety and, loss of emotional and behavioural control contribute more to discriminate the high and low Neuroticism groups. On an average, 73% of subjects originally grouped as belonging to high and low Neuroticism groups were correctly classified. The findings suggest the need for incorporating personality as a core variable in mental health promotion and illness prevention approaches to account for individual differences in thinking, feeling and behaviour.

Personality dimensions and reactivity to 35% CO2 in panic patients and healthy controls

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 236-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Perna ◽  
C Arancio ◽  
A Bertani ◽  
A Gabriele ◽  
L Bellodi
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Reward Dependence ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe authors investigated the relationship between personality dimensions and 35% CO2, reactivity. Fifty-one patients with PD and 26 healthy controls were assessed by the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire and inhaled one-vital capacity of a gas mixture of 35% CO2, and 65%; 02. PD patients showed stronger reactivity to 35%. CO2, and higher scores on Harm Avoidance personality dimension. No significant relationship between reactivity to 35% CO2, and Harm Avoidance, Novelty Seeking and Reward Dependence personality dimensions were found in PD patients or controls. These results suggest that the reactivity to 35% CO2, might not be related to personality.

Association between Alexithymia, Neuroticism, and Social Desirability Scores among Italian Graduate Students

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Messina ◽  
Anna Maria Fogliani ◽  
Sergio Paradiso
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Tas 20

An inverse correlation between social desirability and alexithymia has been observed in undergraduate students in Japan and Australia. It is not clear how this association is influenced by the personality dimension of neuroticism. This study examined the association of scores on social desirability with those on alexithymia controlled for neuroticism, in a sample of 111 Italian graduate students, with age range of 24 to 58 years. Students completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (short form) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale–20 (TAS–20). Social desirability scores inversely correlated with TAS–20 total scores, neuroticism scores, and the TAS–20 subscale, Difficulty identifying feelings. Neuroticism directly correlated with TAS–20 total score, Difficulty identifying feelings, and Difficulty describing feelings. Students with higher alexithymia and neuroticism scores seem to present themselves in less socially desirable ways. The correlation of social desirability with alexithymia was moderated by higher neuroticism scores.

Testing the Assumption of Uncorrelated Errors for Short Scales by Means of Structural Equation Modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Beauducel ◽  
Anja Leue
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Error Score ◽  
Classical Test Theory ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
True Score

It is shown that a minimal assumption should be added to the assumptions of Classical Test Theory (CTT) in order to have positive inter-item correlations, which are regarded as a basis for the aggregation of items. Moreover, it is shown that the assumption of zero correlations between the error score estimates is substantially violated in the population of individuals when the number of items is small. Instead, a negative correlation between error score estimates occurs. The reason for the negative correlation is that the error score estimates for different items of a scale are based on insufficient true score estimates when the number of items is small. A test of the assumption of uncorrelated error score estimates by means of structural equation modeling (SEM) is proposed that takes this effect into account. The SEM-based procedure is demonstrated by means of empirical examples based on the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised.

Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Iliceto ◽  
Emanuele Fino
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Beck Hopelessness Scale ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Model Invariance ◽  
Three Factor

The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) is an instrument for assessing cognitive thoughts among suicidal persons. Previous studies have identified different factor structures of the BHS. However, results were not conclusive. The aim of this study was to test the factor structure of the BHS in a sample of Italian individuals (N = 509) from the community, and secondarily to investigate correlations between the BHS, depression (Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition), and personality traits (Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire). Following recommendations of previous investigations, we utilized a 5-point response format. We applied a second-order Confirmatory Factor Analyses and tested for the model invariance. The results suggest that besides a single second-order factor, a second-order three-factor solution is also reasonable, in line with Beck’s theorization.

Extraversion and Dopamine

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Rammsayer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
D2 Receptors ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Dopamine ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Reaction Time Performance ◽  
Induced Changes

Recent research suggests that individual differences in brain dopamine (DA) functioning may be related to the personality dimension of extraversion. The present study was designed to further elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying behavioral differences between extraverts and introverts. For this purpose, the differential effects of a pharmacologically induced blockade of mesolimbocortical DA D2 receptors on reaction-time performance were investigated in 24 introverted and 24 extraverted subjects. Introverts were found to be much more susceptible to pharmacologically induced changes in D2 receptor activity than extraverts. This finding provides additional experimental evidence for the notion that individual differences in D2 receptor responsivity may represent a neurobiological substratum for the personality dimension of extraversion.

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