scholarly journals Across demographics and recent history, most parents sing to their infants and toddlers daily

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Yan ◽  
Ghazal Jessani ◽  
Elizabeth Spelke ◽  
Peter de Villiers ◽  
Jill de Villiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Technological Environment ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Recorded Music ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Child Age

Music is universally prevalent in human society and is a salient component of the lives of young families. Here, we studied the frequency of singing and playing recorded music in the home using surveys of parents with infants (N = 945). We found that most parents sing to their infant on a daily basis, and the frequency of infant-directed singing is unrelated to parents' income or ethnicity. Two reliable individual differences emerged, however: (1) fathers sing less than mothers, and (2) as infants grow older, parents sing less. Moreover, the laer effect of child age was specific to singing and was not reflected in reports of the frequency of playing recorded music. Last, we meta-analyzed reports of the frequency of infant-directed singing and found lile change in its frequency over the last 30 years, despite substantial changes in the technological environment in the home. These findings, consistent with theories of the psychological functions of music, in general, and infant-directed singing, in particular, demonstrate the everyday nature of music in infancy.

scholarly journals Across demographics and recent history, most parents sing to their infants and toddlers daily

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1840) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Yan ◽  
Ghazal Jessani ◽  
Elizabeth S. Spelke ◽  
Peter de Villiers ◽  
Jill de Villiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Technological Environment ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recorded Music ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Voice Modulation

Music is universally prevalent in human society and is a salient component of the lives of young families. Here, we studied the frequency of singing and playing recorded music in the home using surveys of parents with infants ( N = 945). We found that most parents sing to their infant on a daily basis and the frequency of infant-directed singing is unrelated to parents’ income or ethnicity. Two reliable individual differences emerged, however: (i) fathers sing less than mothers and (ii) as infants grow older, parents sing less. Moreover, the latter effect of child age was specific to singing and was not reflected in reports of the frequency of playing recorded music. Last, we meta-analysed reports of the frequency of infant-directed singing and found little change in its frequency over the past 30 years, despite substantial changes in the technological environment in the home. These findings, consistent with theories of the psychological functions of music, in general, and infant-directed singing, in particular, demonstrate the everyday nature of music in infancy. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Voice modulation: from origin and mechanism to social impact (Part I)’.

scholarly journals Young children's screen time during the first COVID-19 lockdown in 11 countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Bergmann ◽  
Nevena Dimitrova ◽  
Khadeejah Alaslani ◽  
Alaa Almohammadi ◽  
Haifa Alroqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Child Age

This study examined children’s screen time during the first COVID-19 lockdown in a large cohort (n=2209) of 8-to-36-month-olds sampled from 15 labs across 11 countries. Caregivers reported that young infants and toddlers with no online schooling requirements were exposed to more screen time during lockdown than before lockdown. While this was exacerbated for countries with longer lockdowns, there was no evidence that the increase in screen time during lockdown was associated with children’s demographics, e.g., age, SES. However, screen time during lockdown was negatively associated with child age and SES and positively associated with caregiver screen time and attitudes towards children’s screen time. The results highlight the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on young children’s screen time.

Women’s Everyday Resistance and the Infrapolitics of Ṣumūd

2018 ◽  
pp. 97-132
Author(s):  
Sophie Richter-Devroe
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Colonial Policies ◽  
Everyday Resistance ◽  
Israeli Occupation

Chapter 3 deals with women’s less spectacular strategies of quotidian resistance and survival—ṣumūd, as they are often referred to in Palestine. Classic political analysis might consider the silent, ordinary acts that women practice on a daily basis uninteresting, or irrelevant for political change. But the fact that women’s everyday resistance is largely covert does not render it apolitical or without broader significance. The Israeli occupation and settler-colonial policies reach into and dominate the very fine grain of Palestinian everyday life; the everyday and the ordinary today has become a major site where politics is enacted. This chapter argues that women with their daily mundane struggles resist not only the physical occupation of their land and people, but they also the occupation of their mind.

scholarly journals Investigating Relationships Between Breastfeeding Status and Infant Vegetable Experience on Infants’ Acceptance of Novel Vegetables

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 967-967
Author(s):  
Kathryn Davis ◽  
Kameron Moding ◽  
Abigail Flesher ◽  
Rebecca Boenig ◽  
Susan Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Child Age

Abstract Objectives Early life flavor exposure is important in shaping lifelong eating habits. We examined relationships among maternal current breastfeeding status, infant vegetable experience and acceptance of a novel vegetable. Methods Caregivers (n = 106, 82% White) and children (n = 106, 54% male) aged 6–12 months (n = 46; infants), 12–18 months (n = 40; younger toddlers) and 18–24 months (n = 20; older toddlers), participated in a videotaped laboratory visit during which infants tasted up to 8 offers of a novel vegetable (pureed kale). Caregivers completed questionnaires on breastfeeding (BF) status (currently BF or pumping milk, 0 = no; 1 = yes), and infant vegetable experience (21 items, 0 = no; 1 = yes). Infant vegetable experience (VE) was scored as the sum of vegetables tasted by the infant to date (range 0–21). Acceptance of the novel vegetable was coded (0 = refusal; 1 = enforced; 2 = acceptance; 3 = anticipation) by trained coders using feeding videos. Descriptive statistics (mean ± s.d.) were calculated and regression analyses were conducted for models predicting VE and acceptance using current BF status and child age (months) as predictors. T-tests were conducted to ascertain differences in VE by current BF status. Significance was set at P < .05. Results Half (50%) of children were currently receiving breastmilk (77% for infants, 47.5% for younger toddlers, 21% for older toddlers). Children had been exposed to an average of 13.6 ± 5.3 vegetables and this differed by age of child (10.1 ± 5.2 for infants, 15.8 ± 3.5 for younger toddlers, 17.4 ± 2.9 for older toddlers). Child age (F = 10.8, P = .000, R2 = .426) was associated with acceptance of kale (1.5 ± 0.7); older children were less accepting (β = –.381). BF status was not significantly associated with acceptance. Child age was predictive of VE (F = 28.6, P = .000, R2 = .376; β = .638). Follow up analyses comparing infants’ and toddlers’ VE by current BF status revealed that older toddlers who were breastfed had greater VE than those not currently breastfed (t = 2.3, P = .036; 20.0 ± 1.1 vs 16.7 ± 2.9). Conclusions Despite introduction to a greater variety of vegetables with age, acceptance of a novel vegetables declined during toddlerhood. Infants and toddlers continued to consume breastmilk, and older toddlers had greater VE; these factors were not associated with greater novel vegetable acceptance. Funding Sources The Sugar Association.

Why the Archaeology of Everyday Matters?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Price ◽  
Philip J. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Daily Basis ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Southeastern Archaeology ◽  
The People ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Archaeological Perspective

This chapter functions as an introduction to the volume; it highlights previous, related work and argues why using the “everyday” as a guiding theme is useful. The idea of “everyday matters” has two meanings: either it can refer to daily concerns or events that are common and ordinary or it can demonstrate that actions which occur daily or “every day” are of significance, that such actions matter. Because, from an archaeological perspective, common concerns reveal something about the lives of the people we investigate, we propose that the archaeological record is formed on a daily basis. Thus, while fostering a degree of holism in archaeology, an everyday framework allows specialists to remain specialized. Used in a myriad of ways, this framework broadens perspectives; posits new questions; presents testable hypotheses; and, perhaps because it operates on a shared scale, brings some level of consilience to southeastern archaeology.

“Run and Hide When You See the Police”: Livelihood Diversification and the Politics of the Street Economy in Vietnam’s Northern Uplands

2018 ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Sarah Turner
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Livelihood Diversification ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Resource Access ◽  
Tourist Town ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Everyday Politics

This chapter explores the everyday negotiations required for ethnic minority street vendors working in Sapa, a tourist town in upland northern Vietnam, to eke out a livelihood in an especially prescribed environment. These individuals, mostly women, face a local political environment where access and institutional requirements shift on a near-daily basis due to the impulses of state officials, and where ethnicity is key to determining who gets to vend, where, and how. A focus on the micro-geographies and everyday politics of itinerant trade in this rapidly growing tourist site reveals specific relationships and negotiations regarding resource access, ethnicity, state authority, and livelihood strategies.

Tuning your body instrument: The alignment of tone and movement

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Hillary Keeney ◽  
Bradford Keeney
Keyword(s):  
Body Movement ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Acoustic Vibration ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
The Body ◽  
Recorded Music ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Different Parts

In this article, we outline a movement practice we devised called ‘tonal alignment’. It invites you to regard your body as a musical instrument that produces both a mechanical vibration (movement) and an acoustic vibration (sound). The basic practice involves moving different parts of your body to various musical tones. These tones can be made with your own voice, an instrument, or you can play recorded music. Synchronizing body movement with acoustic sound is what tunes the body instrument. Body tuning, now regarded as comparable with tuning a musical instrument, can be done before any activity or ‘performance’ including the everyday tasks of work and play. Intentionally moving different parts of the body in response to particular musical tones develops a greater capacity to be spontaneously moved by music. Tonal alignment is fun, experimental, can be done alone or with others and brings a welcome inspirational reset.

scholarly journals Survival Tactics of Waste Paper Pickers in Istanbul

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Hakki Yigit
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Occupational Group ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Work Routines ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Main Factors

This study examines migration, ethnicity, stratification, and the informal economy by focusing on Waste Paper Pickers (WPPs) as an informal occupational group in Istanbul. I conducted a yearlong fieldwork project among WPPs in Istanbul, collecting ethnographic, observational, participant observational and interview data to develop a description of the everyday lives of WPPs and how they organize their daily work routines. This paper identified most WPPs as immigrants enmeshed in family, friend and compatriot relationships and examined differences and similarities among WPPs.Three main factors account for immigrants entering this occupation: (1) kinship / relative / friend and compatriot relations, (the WPPs’ social capital); (2) the easy entry to this occupation; and, (3) the ‘mafia’ or hiring WPPs on daily basis. Rather than only one type of WPP, they can better be understood as falling into five different types. WPPs in each type differ in their work, the way they work, the money they earn, and their relations with local people. Among my informants, some WPPs can be seen to fit into more than one type while others fall only into one. These types are: (1) Old-hand WPPs, (2) Beginner WPPs, (3) Drunk WPPs, (4) Hired WPPs, and (5) Seasonal WPPs.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF JUDICIAL RECONCILIATION IN REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (85) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Perizat Erchikova ◽  
Marzan Myrzakhanova
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Constructive Dialogue ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Relationship

Conflict as a clash of opposing interests, opinions, attitudes, goals, and positions is one of the everyday phenomena inherent in human society. It may be different depending on its scale and vary in the range from domestic quarrel to geopolitical confrontation between nuclear powers. In this case, the conflict itself, in spite of the negative attitude of narrow-minded to it, is a rather neutral phenomenon, its positive and negative effects are associated not only with the conflict itself, as to the method of its settlement. At the same time, the rational settlement of the conflict, such as through a constructive dialogue, it becomes the driving force of human progress, it helps to get the relationship on a completely different level.

scholarly journals Everyday sovereignty: International experts, brokers and local ownership in peacebuilding Liberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin de Carvalho ◽  
Niels Nagelhus Schia ◽  
Xavier Guillaume
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
International Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Ownership ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
International Experts ◽  
Dynamic Production

The present article investigates how sovereignty is performed, enacted and constructed in an everyday setting. Based on fieldwork and interviews with international embedded experts about the elusive meaning of ‘local ownership’, we argue that while sovereignty may, indeed, be a model according to which the international community ‘constructs’ rogue or failed polities in ‘faraway’ places, this view overlooks that these places are still spaces in which contestations over spheres of authority take place every day, and thus also spaces in which sovereignty is constructed and reconstructed on a daily basis. Local ownership, then, becomes our starting point for tracing the processes of the everyday enactment of sovereignty. We make the case that sovereignty should not be reified, but instead be studied in its quotidian and dynamic production, involving the multiplicity of actors reflecting the active production of the state beyond its presumptive existence as a homogeneously organized, institutionalized and largely centralized bureaucracy.

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