Sex (Similarities and) Differences in Friendship Jealousy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaimie Krems ◽  
Keelah Williams ◽  
Laureon Allison Watson ◽  
Douglas Kenrick ◽  
Athena Aktipis
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Best Friends ◽  
Adaptive Challenges ◽  
The Face ◽  
Initial Support ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Material Benefits

Friendships provide material benefits, bolster health, and may help solve adaptive challenges. However, a recurrent obstacle to sustaining those friendships—and thus enjoying many friendship-mediated fitness benefits—is interference from other people. Friendship jealousy may be well-designed for helping both men and women meet the recurrent, adaptive challenge of retaining friends in the face of such third-party interference. Although we thus expect several sex similarities in the general cognitive architecture of friendship jealousy (e.g., it is attuned to friend value), there are also sex differences in friendship structures and historical functions, which might influence the inputs of friendship jealousy (e.g., the value of any one friendship). If so, we should also expect some sex differences in friendship jealousy. Findings from a reanalysis of previously-published data and a new experiment, including both U.S. student and adult community participants (N = 993), provide initial support for three predicted sex differences: women (versus men) report greater friendship jealousy at the prospective loss of best friends to others, men (versus women) report greater friendship jealousy at the prospective loss of acquaintances to others, and men’s (but not women’s) friendship jealousy is enhanced in the context of intergroup contests.

scholarly journals Institutionalization-Free Survival and Health Care Costs among Quebec Community-Dwelling Elderly Patients with Dementia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah-Gabrielle Beland ◽  
Antoine Pariente ◽  
Yola Moride
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Care Costs

Background. Published data on burden of dementia mainly include patients of third-care facilities. Economic consequences in an outpatient setting remain poorly examined. Objectives. To evaluate institutionalization-free survival and direct health care costs of dementia in the Quebec community-dwelling elderly population. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Quebec administrative claims databases. The cohort included a random sample of patients with treated dementia between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2009 (n=37,138). The reference population included elderly patients without dementia matched in age group, gender, and index date. Using a third-party payer perspective, direct costs over 5 years were assessed. Results. Institutionalization-free survival at 5 years was lower in patients with dementia than in elderly without dementia (38.9% and 72.2%, resp.). Over 5 years, difference in mean total direct health care costs per patient was CAD$19,159, distributed into institutionalizations (CAD$13,598), hospitalizations (CAD$3,312), and prescribed medications (CAD$2,320). Costs of medical services were similar (−CAD$96). In the first year of followup, cost differentials were mainly attributable to hospitalizations, while in the last year (year 5) they were due to institutionalizations. Conclusion. This study confirms that dementia is an important socioeconomic burden in the community, the nature of which depends on disease progression.

Under Armour: Creating and Growing a New Consumer Brand

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Brian Sternthal ◽  
Prashant Malaviya
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
Brand Development ◽  
The Face ◽  
Consumer Insight ◽  
New Consumer ◽  
Brand Heritage

The case traces the development of the Under Armour (UA) brand, product, and market growth under CEO and founder Kevin Plank from its inception in 1996 through 2016. UA provides a cohesive case study of how to launch and sustain a consumer brand even in the face of its third-party manufacturing approach, which gives its apparel no patentable design or fabric technologies. The case uses UA's brand and advertising development as a backdrop for the current pivotal issue of how to target women to sustain growth. UA's stated goal is to build a $1.9 billion women's business by 2019. In laying out UA's growth and competitive moves, the case lets students analyze broadcast, social media, and other digital advertising campaigns in view of the company's brand development and strategic targeting. The case also highlights the importance of leveraging brand heritage and historical differentiation while respecting key nuances when extending into new markets (i.e., moving from a predominantly male-driven audience to female). It also allows an exploration of how to use consumer insight and broader cultural attitudes and trends to support extending a position into new markets.

scholarly journals IoT Notary : Attestable Sensor Data Capture in IoT Environments

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Nisha Panwar ◽  
Shantanu Sharma ◽  
Guoxi Wang ◽  
Sharad Mehrotra ◽  
Nalini Venkatasubramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
User Data ◽  
Data Capturing ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The University

Contemporary IoT environments, such as smart buildings, require end-users to trust data-capturing rules published by the systems. There are several reasons why such a trust is misplaced—IoT systems may violate the rules deliberately or IoT devices may transfer user data to a malicious third-party due to cyberattacks, leading to the loss of individuals’ privacy or service integrity. To address such concerns, we propose IoT Notary , a framework to ensure trust in IoT systems and applications. IoT Notary provides secure log sealing on live sensor data to produce a verifiable “proof-of-integrity,” based on which a verifier can attest that captured sensor data adhere to the published data-capturing rules. IoT Notary is an integral part of TIPPERS, a smart space system that has been deployed at the University of California, Irvine to provide various real-time location-based services on the campus. We present extensive experiments over real-time WiFi connectivity data to evaluate IoT Notary , and the results show that IoT Notary imposes nominal overheads. The secure logs only take 21% more storage, while users can verify their one day’s data in less than 2 s even using a resource-limited device.

scholarly journals Friendship jealousy: One tool for maintaining friendships in the face of third-party threats?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaimie Krems ◽  
Keelah Williams ◽  
Douglas Kenrick ◽  
Athena Aktipis
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Real World ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Developmental Research ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
The Face ◽  
On Line

Friendships can foster happiness, health, and reproductive fitness. But friendships end—even when we might not want them to. A primary reason for this is interference from third parties. Yet little work has explored how people meet the challenge of maintaining friendships in the face of real or perceived threats from third parties, as when our friends inevitably make new friends or form new romantic relationships. In contrast to earlier conceptualizations from developmental research, which viewed friendship jealousy as solely maladaptive, we propose that friendship jealousy is one overlooked tool of friendship maintenance. We derive and test—via a series of 11 studies (N = 2918) using hypothetical scenarios, recalled real-world events, and manipulation of on-line emotional experiences—whether friendship jealousy possesses the features of a tool well-designed to help us retain friends in the face of third-party threats. Consistent with our proposition, findings suggest that friendship jealousy is (1) uniquely evoked by third-party threats to friendships (but not the prospective loss of the friendship alone), (2) sensitive to the value of the threatened friendship, (3) strongly calibrated to cues that one is being replaced, even over more intuitive cues (e.g., the amount of time a friend and interloper spend together), and (4) ultimately motivates behavior aimed at countering third-party threats to friendship (“friend guarding”). Even as friendship jealousy may be negative to experience, it may include features designed for beneficial—and arguably prosocial—ends: to help maintain friendships.

scholarly journals Traumatic brain injury among female veterans: a review of sex differences in military neurosurgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. E16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily H. Kim ◽  
Jennifer L. Quon ◽  
Felicia W. Sun ◽  
Kristen M. Wortman ◽  
Maheen M. Adamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Female Veterans ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

The impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been demonstrated in various studies with respect to prevalence, morbidity, and mortality data. Many of the patients burdened with long-term sequelae of TBI are veterans. Although fewer in number, female veterans with TBI have been suggested to suffer from unique physical, mental, and social challenges. However, there remains a significant knowledge gap in the sex differences in TBI. Increased female representation in the military heralds an increased risk of TBI for female soldiers, and medical professionals must be prepared to address the unique health challenges in the face of changing demographics among the veteran TBI population. In this review, the authors aimed to present the current understanding of sex differences in TBI in the veteran population and suggest directions for future investigations.

Rebus sic stantibus as a Stabilizing Doctrine in the Climate Crisis

Climate Law ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-244
Author(s):  
Diana Azarnoush Arsanjani Reisman
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Third Party ◽  
International Tribunal ◽  
Bilateral Investment Treaty ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Investment Treaty ◽  
The Us ◽  
Orderly Fashion ◽  
The Face ◽  
Climate Crisis

Abstract In the face of massive, unanticipated and even disjunctive changes, the balance of the respective interests of the state parties to existing treaties may no longer survive the changed—or changing—climate landscape. While, ideally, the co-contracting states to such treaties could mutually agree to terminate or revise their treaty obligations to accommodate such changes and redress the now imbalance of interests in the treaty, some scenarios are bound to be contentious. In such cases, is there any other procedure that can provide for an orderly and fair adjustment of treaties so as to avert a breakdown of the network of treaties and a destabilization of world order? This article proposes that the rebus sic stantibus doctrine may function as a stabilizing doctrine for maintaining and possibly adjusting treaty regimes in an orderly fashion. Unlike the doctrine of necessity or many explicit treaty carve-outs, such as the security exception of the US Model Bilateral Investment Treaty, the doctrine of rebus sic stantibus may allow for both an objective test and also one that must be pleaded before a third-party arbiter. For this reason, rebus operates within controlled limits. Rebus offers an international tribunal the opportunity to set out a fair termination or revision of a climate-impacted treaty. I trace the evolution of rebus as a stabilizing doctrine and illustrate the potentialities of its application to the climate crisis.

The First Private Practice as a Registration Authority Authorised Nurse Practitioner in Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Cashin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Nurse Practitioner ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Scope Of Practice ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Mental Health Nurse ◽  
Health Nurse ◽  
Third Party Reimbursement

The first private practice conducted, owned by and advertised as an authorised nurse practitioner practice in Australia was established in February 2004. A mental health nurse practitioner established the practice in a medical centre to provide counselling and mental health services for individuals, couples and families. This paper discusses the first 18 months of operation and considers the experience in the context of the small amount of published data, internationally, related to nurse owned and run private practices in general, and nurse practitioner practices. The practical steps of setting up, reimbursement and meeting challenges, in particular, are discussed. Diary entries and copies of emails were used as data through which the experience was tracked. The conclusion was reached that private practice as a nurse practitioner is possible. Scope of practice and financial remuneration are limited by the current third party reimbursement arrangements under Medicare and the lack of provision of PBS provider numbers to nurse practitioners.

A MODEL FOR THE COSTING OF OIL SPILL CLEARANCE OPERATIONS AT SEA

1977 ◽  
Vol 1977 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
P.D. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Cost Data ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Transport Time ◽  
Number Of Components ◽  
Low Costs

ABSTRACT Analysis of published data reveals that the total costs attributable to an oil spill are made up of a number of components which include the actual costs of the cleanup operations by government and/or industry (incurred either directly or through a contractor), third party costs (compensation to fishermen, boat-owners, etc.) and miscellaneous costs, including legal expenses, administrative charges, and fines. The relative proportions of each component vary considerably depending on the particular circumstances and location of each spill. Costs generally fall into three groups defined broadly as offshore (low costs per ton oil spilled), inshore and onshore (high costs per ton oil). Considering only the costs of cleanup operations, a model has been developed for estimating the cleanup costs for various situations (offshore, inshore and onshore) and using different cleanup techniques (recovery, dispersion, absorbents, etc.). This model takes into account the spill size, makes allowance for transport time and allows for the practical effects of natural dispersion, evaporation, etc. Use is made of the model to calculate costs for typical situations using practical component cost data to show the optimum conditions for each method of treatment and to show the dependence of recovery or dispersant operations on spill size.

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