scholarly journals Moral dilemmas and trust in leaders during a global health crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Albert Charlton Everett ◽  
Clara Colombatto ◽  
Edmond Awad ◽  
Paulo Boggio ◽  
Björn Bos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Trust In Leaders ◽  
Potential Determinant

Trust in leaders is central to citizen compliance with public policies. One potential determinant of trust is how leaders resolve conflicts between utilitarian and non- utilitarian ethical principles in moral dilemmas. Past research suggests that utilitarian responses to dilemmas can both erode and enhance trust in leaders: sacrificing some people to save many others (‘instrumental harm’) reduces trust, while maximizing the welfare of everyone equally (‘impartial beneficence’) may increase trust. In a multi-site experiment spanning 22 countries on six continents, participants (N = 23,929) completed self-report (N = 17,591) and behavioral (N = 12,638) measures of trust in leaders who endorsed utilitarian or non-utilitarian principles in dilemmas concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. Across both the self-report and behavioral measures, endorsement of instrumental harm decreased trust, while endorsement of impartial beneficence increased trust. These results show how support for different ethical principles can impact trust in leaders, and inform effective public communication during times of global crisis.

Examining honesty–humility and cheating behaviors across younger and older adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 016502542110390
Author(s):  
Alison M. O’Connor ◽  
Rebecca A. Judges ◽  
Kang Lee ◽  
Angela D. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Cheating Behavior ◽  
Report Measure

Self-report research indicates that dishonesty decreases across adulthood; however, behavioral measures of dishonesty have yet to be examined across younger and older adults. The present study examined younger and older adults’ cheating behaviors in relation to their self-reported honesty–humility. Younger ( N = 112) and older adults ( N = 85) completed a matrix task where they had the opportunity to falsely inflate their performance. Participants also completed the self-report measure of honesty–humility from the HEXACO-PI-R. Older adults were significantly less likely to cheat and had higher ratings of honesty–humility compared to younger adults. Greater honesty–humility predicted lower cheating behavior. These results demonstrate that older adults show greater rates of honesty and humility compared to younger adults using both behavioral and self-report methods.

Self-Report and Behavioral Measures with Heterosocially Anxious Subjects

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1219-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Montgomery ◽  
Frances M. Haemmerlie
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Behavioral Indicators ◽  
Female Confederate

The present study examined two behavioral indicators, i.e., the number of initiations of conversation and the number of personal statements uttered in a brief conversation, for 26 heterosocially anxious males as they interacted with a female confederate and correlated these measures with scores on five self-report scales. Most self-report measures correlated well with one another and the personal statements measure correlated with two of the self-report measures.

scholarly journals Moral dilemmas and trust in leaders during a global health crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim A. C. Everett ◽  
Clara Colombatto ◽  
Edmond Awad ◽  
Paulo Boggio ◽  
Björn Bos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Trust In Leaders

Effect of Social Context on the Impact of Coping Self-Statements

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Zettle ◽  
Steven C. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Social Contingencies ◽  
Context Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The present study was designed to evaluate the role of a social context in the impact of coping self-statements. It was hypothesized that the control which coping self-statements exert over anxiety-related behaviors would vary to the extent that the self-statements are socially accessible. Speech-anxious college students were randomly assigned to either a control group or to one of two experimental groups. Control subjects received no coping self-statements while subjects in both experimental groups selected the same coping self-statement. The two experimental groups differed only in whether the coping self-statement was apparently known to the experimenter. On self-report measures, only the social-context group showed improvement over those of the other two groups. The only difference among the groups on behavioral measures indicated that subjects in the social-context group had followed the coping statement by talking more slowly. The results were interpreted as possibly a function of the social contingencies established by public statements.

Measuring the Big Five in Self-Report and Other Ratings

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Barbaranelli ◽  
Gian Vittorio Caprara
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Fit Indexes ◽  
Response Modes

Summary: The aim of the study is to assess the construct validity of two different measures of the Big Five, matching two “response modes” (phrase-questionnaire and list of adjectives) and two sources of information or raters (self-report and other ratings). Two-hundred subjects, equally divided in males and females, were administered the self-report versions of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ) and the Big Five Observer (BFO), a list of bipolar pairs of adjectives ( Caprara, Barbaranelli, & Borgogni, 1993 , 1994 ). Every subject was rated by six acquaintances, then aggregated by means of the same instruments used for the self-report, but worded in a third-person format. The multitrait-multimethod matrix derived from these measures was then analyzed via Structural Equation Models according to the criteria proposed by Widaman (1985) , Marsh (1989) , and Bagozzi (1994) . In particular, four different models were compared. While the global fit indexes of the models were only moderate, convergent and discriminant validities were clearly supported, and method and error variance were moderate or low.

Using the Rating Scale Model to Examine the Psychometric Properties of the Self-Efficacy Scale for Driver Competence

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sundström
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Measurement Precision ◽  
The Self ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Two Samples

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of a self-report scale for assessing perceived driver competence, labeled the Self-Efficacy Scale for Driver Competence (SSDC), using item response theory analyses. Two samples of Swedish driving-license examinees (n = 795; n = 714) completed two versions of the SSDC that were parallel in content. Prior work, using classical test theory analyses, has provided support for the validity and reliability of scores from the SSDC. This study investigated the measurement precision, item hierarchy, and differential functioning for males and females of the items in the SSDC as well as how the rating scale functions. The results confirmed the previous findings; that the SSDC demonstrates sound psychometric properties. In addition, the findings showed that measurement precision could be increased by adding items that tap higher self-efficacy levels. Moreover, the rating scale can be improved by reducing the number of categories or by providing each category with a label.

Development and Psychometric Properties of a New Scale: The Self-Report Scale for Schizoid Behaviors (SRSSB)

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Marle ◽  
Alisa J. Estey ◽  
Laura J. Finan ◽  
Karenleigh A. Overmann
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report

The Vietnamese Version of the Health-related Quality of Life Measure for Children with Epilepsy (CHEQOL-25): Reliability

MedPharmRes ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Tri Doan ◽  
Tuan Tran ◽  
Han Nguyen ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Life Measure ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Parent Proxy

Purpose: This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the self-report and parent-proxy Health-Related Quality of Life Measure for Children with Epilepsy (CHEQOL-25) into Vietnamese and to evaluate their reliability. Methods: Both English versions of the self-report and parent-proxy CHEQOL-25 were translated and culturally adapted into Vietnamese by using the Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process. The Vietnamese versions were scored by 77 epileptic patients, who aged 8–15 years, and their parents/caregivers at neurology outpatient clinic of Children Hospital No. 2 – Ho Chi Minh City. Reliability of the questionnaires was determined by using Cronbach’s coefficient α and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Both Vietnamese versions of the self-report and parent-proxy CHEQOL-25 were shown to be consistent with the English ones, easy to understand for Vietnamese children and parents. Thus, no further modification was required. Cronbach’s α coefficient for each subscale of the Vietnamese version of the self-report and parent-proxy CHEQOL-25 was 0.65 to 0.86 and 0.83 to 0.86, respectively. The ICC for each subscale of the self-report and parent-proxy CHEQOL-25 was in the range of 0.61 to 0.86 and 0.77 to 0.98, respectively. Conclusion: The Vietnamese version of the self-report and parent-proxy CHEQOL-25 were the first questionnaires about quality of life of epileptic children in Vietnam. This Vietnamese version was shown to be reliable to assess the quality of life of children with epilepsy aged 8–15 years.

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