scholarly journals Toward a Theory of Prolific Liars: Building a Profile of Situational, Dispositional, and Communication Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Matthew Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Interpersonal Perceptions ◽  
Combining Evidence ◽  
Demographic Effects

Who are prolific liars and what are their defining characteristics? Prior work suggests prolific liars tend to be younger and self-identify as male compared to everyday liars, but little research has developed a theory of prolific liars beyond demographic data. Study 1 (N = 775) replicated the prior demographic effects and assessed prolific liars through their situational (e.g., cheating), dispositional (e.g., Dark Triad traits), and communication characteristics (e.g., language traces, interpersonal perceptions of dishonesty). Prolific lying associated with more cheating, the use of fewer adjectives, and being high on psychopathy compared to everyday lying. Study 2 (N = 1,022) largely replicated these results and observed a deception consensus effect reported in other studies: the more that people deceived, the more they believe others deceived. This piece concludes with a theoretical explication of prolific white and big liars, combining evidence that identifies them through situational, dispositional, and communication characteristics.

Comparison of Caring Ability Between Chinese and American Nursing Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Cheng ◽  
Yilan Liu ◽  
Yuye Ke ◽  
Wenru Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Nurse Educator ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
American Counterpart ◽  
American Students ◽  
And Gender

This descriptive comparative study aimed to compare caring ability between Chinese and American nursing students. A survey was conducted in 544 Chinese and 109 American nursing students using Caring Ability Inventory and socio-demographic data sheet. The results indicated that the Chinese nursing students reported significantly lower scores in the Caring Ability Inventory total and three subscales ( p < .001) compared with their American counterpart. Years of program and number of siblings were factors affecting the Caring Ability Inventory scores among Chinese students ( p < .05), whereas program, marital status, prior work experience, and gender were found to influence the Caring Ability Inventory scores of American students ( p < .05). Some gaps and differences between the Chinese and America nursing students’ caring ability were identified. Nurse educator should leverage the influencing factors to strengthen the caring ability of nursing students in both countries.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLOSE PARTNER VIOLENCE, EMOTIONAL VIOLENCE AND DARK TRIAD PERSONALITY TRAITS

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Sahide Güliz KOLBURAN ◽  
Beyza Naz DENİZ
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between attitudes towards emotional violence and control behavior with dark triad personality traits together with physical and sexual violence against women. Another aim is to draw attention to psychological violence and control behaviors in the studies, to be carried out in the context of preventing intimate partner violence. The sample group consisted of 140 men aged 18 and over, who were reached through random sampling, reached through Google forms and face-to-face interviews. For the purposes of the research, the ISKEBE Violence against Women Scale (ISKEBE Attitude Scale) and Short Dark Triad Scale (SD3-T) were used, and personal information form was applied for demographic data. According to the statistics, men with a high dark triad total value have higher attitudes towards violence against women. There is a positive correlation between the high scores of psychopathy and body attitudes subscale scores. (B: 0.305, p <0.001) A positive relationship was found between the high scores of narcissisms and the attitudes towards identity subscale. (B: 0.308, p <0.001) There is a positive relationship between the high score of Machiavellianism and the attitudes towards identity subscale. (B: 0.470, p <0.001)) There is a positive correlation between Machiavellian score and psychopathy score. (B: 0.515, p <0.001). The results reveal that dark triad personality traits predict emotional and physical violence in close partner relationships.

Breakfast Skipping Is an Independent Predictor of Obesity but not Overweight Among Children in a Southeastern European Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genc Burazeri ◽  
Jolanda Hyska ◽  
Iris Mone ◽  
Enver Roshi
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
European Population ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Communist Country ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breakfast Skipping

Abstract.Aim: To assess the association of breakfast skipping with overweight and obesity among children in Albania, a post-communist country in the Western Balkans, which is undergoing a long and difficult political and socioeconomic transition towards a market-oriented economy. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study was carried out in Albania in 2013 including a representative sample of 5810 children aged 7.0 – 9.9 years (49.5% girls aged 8.4 ± 0.6 years and 51.5% boys aged 8.5 ± 0.6 years; overall response rate: 97%). Children were measured for height and weight, and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Cut-off BMI values of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) were used to define overweight and obesity in children. Demographic data were also collected. Results: Upon adjustment for age, sex, and place of residence, breakfast skipping was positively related to obesity (WHO criteria: OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.3–1.9; IOTF criteria: OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.4–2.5), but not overweight (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.9–1.3 and OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.9–1.4, respectively). Furthermore, breakfast skipping was associated with a higher BMI (multivariable-adjusted OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02–1.07). Conclusions: Our findings point to a strong and consistent positive relationship between breakfast skipping and obesity, but not overweight, among children in this transitional southeastern European population. Future studies in Albania and other transitional settings should prospectively examine the causal role of breakfast skipping in the development of overweight and obesity.

Validation of the Short Dark Triad in a German Sample

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Caroline Wehner ◽  
Ulrike Maaß ◽  
Marius Leckelt ◽  
Mitja D. Back ◽  
Matthias Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Competitive Test ◽  
Three Factor ◽  
Behavioral Criteria

Abstract. The structure, correlates, and assessment of the Dark Triad are widely discussed in several fields of psychology. Based on the German version of the Short Dark Triad (SDT), we add to this by (a) providing a competitive test of existing structural models, (b) testing the nomological network, and (c) proposing an ultrashort 9-item version of the SDT (uSDT). A sample of N = 969 participants provided data on the SDT and a range of further measures. Our competitive test of five structural models revealed that fit indices and nomological network assumptions were best met in a three-factor model, with separate factors for psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism. The results provided an extensive overview of the raw, unique, and shared associations of Dark Triad dimensions with narcissism facets, sadism, impulsivity, self-esteem, sensation seeking, the Big Five, maladaptive personality traits, sociosexual orientation, and behavioral criteria. Finally, the uSDT exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties. The highest overlap in expected relations between SDT and uSDT, and convergent and discriminant measures was also found for the three-factor model. Our study underlines the utility of a three-factor model of the Dark Triad, extends findings on its nomological network, and provides an ultrashort instrument.

The Measurement Invariance of the Short Dark Triad

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Mihaela Grigoraș ◽  
Andreea Butucescu ◽  
Amalia Miulescu ◽  
Cristian Opariuc-Dan ◽  
Dragoș Iliescu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
High Stake ◽  
Differential Functioning ◽  
Item Functioning

Abstract. Given the fact that most of the dark personality measures are developed based on data collected in low-stake settings, the present study addresses the appropriateness of their use in high-stake contexts. Specifically, we examined item- and scale-level differential functioning of the Short Dark Triad (SD3; Paulhus & Jones, 2011 ) measure across testing contexts. The Short Dark Triad was administered to applicant ( N = 457) and non-applicant ( N = 592) samples. Item- and scale-level invariances were tested using an Item Response Theory (IRT)-based approach and a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach, respectively. Results show that more than half of the SD3 items were flagged for Differential Item Functioning (DIF), and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) results supported configural, but not metric invariance. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

A Test of Three Sadism Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana M. Dinić ◽  
Tara Bulut Allred ◽  
Boban Petrović ◽  
Anja Wertag
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Profile Similarity ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate psychometric properties of three sadism scales: Short Sadistic Impulse Scale (SSIS), Varieties of Sadistic Tendencies (VAST, which measures direct and vicarious sadism), and Assessment of Sadistic Personality (ASP). Sample included 443 participants (50.1% men) from the general population. Reliability based on internal consistency of all scales was good, and results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed that all three scales had acceptable fit indices for the proposed structure. Results of Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis showed that all three scales had higher measurement precision (information) in above-average scores. Validity of the scales was supported through moderate to high positive correlations with the Dark Triad traits, especially psychopathy, as well as positive correlations with aggressiveness and negative with Honesty-Humility. Moreover, results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that all three measures of direct, but not vicarious sadism, contributed significantly above and beyond other Dark Triad traits to the prediction of increased positive attitudes toward dangerous social groups. The profile similarity index showed that the SSIS and the ASP were highly overlapping, while vicarious sadism seems distinct from other sadism scales.

Subclinical Sadism and the Dark Triad

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Johnson ◽  
Rachel A. Plouffe ◽  
Donald H. Saklofske
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Antisocial Personality Traits

Abstract. The Dark Triad is a constellation of three antisocial personality traits: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Recently, researchers have introduced a “Dark Tetrad” that includes subclinical sadism, although others suggest considerable overlap between psychopathy and sadism. To clarify the position of sadism within the Dark Triad, an online study was conducted with 615 university students. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that a six-factor solution fit the data best, representing Machiavellianism, psychopathy, physical sadism, verbal sadism, narcissism, and vicarious sadism. Furthermore, convergent validity was supported through sadism’s correlations with the HEXACO personality traits. The results support sadism’s inclusion within the Dark Tetrad as a unique construct but with some conceptual overlap with psychopathy.

In Search of the Prosocial Personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Wertag ◽  
Denis Bratko
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Prosocial behavior is intended to benefit others rather than oneself and is positively linked to personality traits such as Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility, and usually negatively to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). However, a significant proportion of the research in this area is conducted solely on self-report measures of prosocial behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosociality and the basic (i.e., HEXACO) and dark personality traits, comparing their contribution in predicting both self-reported prosociality and prosocial behavior. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that the Dark Triad traits explain prosociality and prosocial behavior above and beyond the HEXACO traits, emphasizing the importance of the Dark Triad in the personality space.

Mutually attracted or repulsed? An actor-partner interdependence model of the dark triad in couples

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C. Crysel ◽  
Gregory D. Webster ◽  
C. Veronica Smith ◽  
Benjamin W. Hadden ◽  
Peter K. Jonason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Triad ◽  
Actor Partner Interdependence Model
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