scholarly journals On the relation of boredom and sadistic aggression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Pfattheicher ◽  
Ljiljana B. Lazarevic ◽  
Erin Corwin Westgate ◽  
Simon Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Proactive Aggression ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
The Military ◽  
Destructive Potential

What gives rise to sadism? While sadistic behavior (i.e., harming others for pleasure) is well-documented, past empirical research is nearly silent regarding the psychological factors behind it. We help close this gap by suggesting that boredom plays a crucial role in the emergence of sadistic tendencies. Across nine diverse studies, we provide correlational and experimental evidence for a link between boredom and sadism. We demonstrate that sadistic tendencies are more pronounced among people who report chronic proneness to boredom in everyday life (Studies 1A-1F, N = 1780). We then document that this relationship generalizes across a variety of important societal contexts, including online trolling; sadism in the military; sadistic behavior among parents; and sadistic fantasies (Studies 2-5, N = 1740). Finally, we manipulate boredom experimentally and show that inducing boredom increases sadistic behavior (i.e., killing worms; destroying other participants’ pay; Studies 6-9, N = 4097). However, alternatives matter: When several behavioral alternatives are available, boredom only motivates sadistic behavior among individuals with high dispositional sadism (Study 7). Conversely, when there is no alternative, boredom increases sadistic behavior across the board, even among individuals low in dispositional sadism (Studies 8 & 9). We further show that excitement and novelty seeking mediate the effects of boredom, and that boredom not only promotes sadistic (proactive) aggression, but reactive aggression as well (Study 9). Overall, the present work contributes to a better understanding of sadism and highlights the destructive potential of boredom. We discuss implications for basic research on sadism and boredom, as well as applied implications for society at large.

Placebos and Movies: What Do They Have in Common?

2021 ◽  
pp. 096372142110038
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Benedetti
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Placebo Effects ◽  
What Matters

Placebos are fake therapies that can induce real therapeutic effects, called placebo effects. It goes without saying that what matters for inducing a placebo effect is not so much the fake treatment itself, but rather the therapeutic ritual that is carried out, which is capable of triggering psychobiological mechanisms in the patient’s brain. Both laypersons and scientists often accept the phenomenon of the placebo effect with reluctance, as fiction-induced clinical improvements are at odds with common sense. However, it should be emphasized that placebo effects are not surprising after all if one considers that fiction-induced physiological effects occur in everyday life. Movies provide one of the best examples of how fictitious reality can induce psychological and physiological responses, such as fear, love, and tears. In the same way that a horror movie induces fear-related physiological responses, even though the viewer knows everything is fake, so the sight of a syringe may trigger the release of pain-relieving chemicals in the patient’s brain, even if the patient knows there is a fake painkiller inside. From this perspective, placebos can be better conceptualized as rituals, actions, and fictions within a more general framework that emphasizes the power of psychological factors in everyday life, including the healing context.

scholarly journals Does the Arc of Science Bend Towards Impact? Four Decades of Empirical Research Published in JADD Since the DSM-III

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Doehring
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Impact ◽  
Population Impact ◽  
Community Based Programs ◽  
Over 40 Years ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe present study explored the shift from understanding to intervention to population impact in the empirical research published in this journal at five points of time over 40 years since the release of DSM-III. Two-thirds of the more than 600 original studies identified involved basic research, a pattern that is consistent with previous analyses of research funding allocations and that did not change over time. One of every eight studies involved intervention research, which occurred in community-based programs only about one-quarter of the time. These gaps in intervention research and community impact did not improve over time. The findings underscore the need to broaden the training and experience of researchers, and to re-consider priorities for research funding and publication.

Reflections on Preliminary Fieldwork: The Militarisation of Public Space in Srinagar and its Impact on Rhythms of Everyday Life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshita Nandan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Current Form ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This project focuses on the conflict in Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). This conflict is characterised by the militarised occupation of the region and resistance for self- determination by indigenous populations. In 2019, there were over 500,000 military and police force stationed in the state of J&K and over the years the forces have become a permanent fixture of the day-to-day life of people in the region. The use of civilian infrastructure by the military apparatus to control the rhythms of everyday life has evolved to its current form as an integral aspect of the conflict itself. This paper is focused on two interrelated aspects i.e., the impact of militarisation, magnified by Covid-19 pandemic on the fieldwork itself and its relationship to the larger impact of militarisation on everyday life in Srinagar. The methodology is inspired by rhythmanalysis which focuses on space of interaction. The rhythmanalysis is in two parts, it explores the rhythms as viewed and investigated by the researcher as opposed to the rhythms of everyday life for research participants. The aim here is to contextualise the questions of ethics and positionality as a researcher, conducting fieldwork during covid 19, in a militarised conflict region. Key Words: Military; Public Space; Rhythmanalysis; Resistance, Critical Architecture

scholarly journals Film as medium for meaning making: A practical theological reflection

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita L. Cloete
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Practical Theology ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Theological Reflection ◽  
The Self ◽  
Practical Theological

The reflection on film will be situated within the framework of popular culture and livedreligion as recognised themes within the discipline of practical theology. It is argued that theperspective of viewers is of importance within the process of meaning-making. By focusing onthe experience and meaning-making through the act of film-watching the emphasis is not somuch on the message that the producer wishes to convey but rather on the experience that iscreated within the viewer. Experience is not viewed as only emotional, but rather that, at least,both the cognitive and emotional are key in the act of watching a film. It is therefore arguedthat this experience that is seldom reflected on by viewers could serve as a fruitful platform formeaning-making by the viewer. In a context where there seems to be a decline in institutionalisedforms of religion, it is important to investigate emerging forms of religion. Furthermore, theturn to the self also makes people’s experiences and practices in everyday life valuableresources for theological reflection. This reflection could provide a theoretical framework forespecially empirical research on how film as specific form of media serves as a religiousresource and plays a role in the construction of meaning and religious identity.

scholarly journals Business Data Sharing through Data Marketplaces: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antragama Ewa Abbas ◽  
◽  
Wirawan Agahari ◽  
Montijn van de Ven ◽  
Anneke Zuiderwijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Second Stage

Data marketplaces are expected to play a crucial role in tomorrow’s data economy but hardly achieve commercial exploitation. Currently, there is no clear understanding of the knowledge gaps in data marketplace research, especially neglected research topics that may contribute to advancing data marketplaces towards commercialization. This study provides an overview of the state of the art of data marketplace research. We employ a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach and structure our analysis using the Service-TechnologyOrganization-Finance (STOF) model. We find that the extant data marketplace literature is primarily dominated by technical research, such as discussions about computational pricing and architecture. To move past the first stage of the platform’s lifecycle (i.e., platform design) to the second stage (i.e., platform adoption), we call for empirical research in non-technological areas, such as customer expected value and market segmentation.

scholarly journals Experience of a Historical and Cultural Study of Urban Environment

2019 ◽  
pp. 1191–1215
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Naumov ◽  
Dmitry I. Petin
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Local History ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military

The article presents a previously understudied regional history aspect related to the origin, development and everyday life of the 16th Military Town in Omsk. It reveals the relation of the issue to the historiography of the problem on the scale of Siberian region. The objective of the research is to study the history of the 16th Military Town in Omsk by solving compound tasks. The authors analyse the microdistrict construction stages, reveal the main impact factors; study the military disposition within the microdistrict with regard to the local history. The research is based on a number of sources (previously unpublished documents from the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region and reference books) to restore the different stages of the Military Town history and construction, as well as the military disposition within the district as much as possible. The provided data form the foundation for a conclusion on the uniqueness of the 16th Military Town as a historical and cultural space of the urban environment from the perspective of history and culture studies

Role Inversion and Its Function in the Iphigeneia at Aulis

Ramus ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Dale Chant
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Pyrrhic Victory

In the Iphigeneia at Aulis role and role inversion are paramount concerns. Indeed it could be contended that in this play we find Euripides' clearest and best defined account of human (and divine) variability. Agamemnon, Menelaos, Achilleus, Iphigeneia, and even, in the final analysis, Artemis, all take positions and attitudes diametrically opposed to those initially adopted. Moreover, the basic thrust behind these movements in position and attitude is the same for each of these characters. All are concerned, in one way or another, with the saving or destruction of Iphigeneia, a situation which most emphatically includes Iphigeneia herself. For on the one hand she wildly supplicates to be saved, while on the other she gladly offers her body to the blade. In addition, Iphigeneia plays a crucial role in greater destructions. If she is destroyed by Agamemnon's and the army's actions, then Greece is destroyed in turn by her (Agamemnon's and the Greeks' final triumph is a ‘Pyrrhic’ victory at best), a situation made all the more ironic by her affected stance of saviour to the fatherland. In Iphigeneia's case, however, the discrepancy between intention and the consequences of action is innocent enough. The play gives no hint that she is at all aware of the irony implicit in her actions. But such lack of awareness is not postulated with regard to Agamemnon, Menelaos and Achilleus. The duplicities and hypocrisies of these three have been the subject of much analysis, and it is at least a critical commonplace to observe that they are characterised in a way more reminiscent of the sour end of everyday life than of the due proprieties associated with heroic, or Homeric, behaviour.

Intersections of Gender, Sex, and Power

2017 ◽  
pp. 1746-1764
Author(s):  
Lubna Ferdowsi
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Cultural Ideologies ◽  
Intersectional Analysis ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
British Bangladeshi

This chapter highlights the dilemma of being immigrant diasporic women in a British cultural context by focusing on the everyday life of British Bangladeshi women who are being controlled in the private sphere based on empirical research. Particularly, the chapter shows how cultural ideologies are intersecting with patriarchal norms to gain control over women bodies and sexuality. Finally, the chapter discusses the process and system of differentiation and domination through an intersectional analysis to understand how women ostensibly belonging to the same ethnic group may have different and competing experiences of migration and Diaspora.

scholarly journals Civil Resistance and Democracy in the Portuguese Revolution

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 688-709
Author(s):  
Diego Palacios Cerezales
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Constitutional Convention ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Civil Resistance ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
Electoral Democracy ◽  
The Military

During the summer of 1975, a year after the Carnation Revolution, thousands of Portuguese men and women took to the streets in order to prevent what they feared could be a communist takeover. A military-led government had trumpeted the transition to socialism and the Armed Forces Movement was discussing the dissolution of the recently elected constitutional convention. This article offers a new account of the significance and political impact of the anti-communist rallies, demonstrations and riots during 1975 and provides an interpretation of the mechanisms by which anticommunist mobilization empowered moderate leaders and reversed the balance of power within the military, playing a crucial role in the triumph of electoral democracy.

The Significance of the Hermeneutics of Play for Gamification

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Kosti Joensuu ◽  
Sanna Ryynänen
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Theoretical Consideration ◽  
Phenomenological Hermeneutics ◽  
Phenomenological Perspective ◽  
Academic Discussion ◽  
Virtual Game

Games and play are increasingly significant in everyday life. Thus, a philosophical and theoretical consideration of these concepts is needed. This article uses phenomenological hermeneutics to discuss games, play, and gamification; it also addresses the development of gamifying planes within gamification studies. It hypothesizes that the academic discussion of gamification becomes more valid, ontologically, by focusing on the phenomenon and lived experience of play and playing from a phenomenological perspective. It presents an upcoming practical intervention, an empirical research design of case study of playing a virtual game, to demonstrate how the essence of play and the integrated spheres of virtual and real worlds could be approached. Thus, it could provide valuable information that is needed in the fast-developing domain of interventions in gamification and the game-business. On the basis of this study's theoretical findings, a broader ontological notion is suggested to overcome the subjectifying notion of player and the objectifying notion of games and play.

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