scholarly journals Causality and confounding between Right Wing Authoritarianism, education, and Socio-Economic Status; a twin study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Haahjem Eftedal ◽  
Thomas Haarklau Kleppestø ◽  
Nikolai Olavi Czajkowski ◽  
Espen Moen Eilertsen ◽  
Jennifer Sheehy-Skeffington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Family

While it is well-established that education and Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) are quite strongly negatively correlated, it is still unclear why this is the case. There could be causal effects between these variables, in one or both directions, which can be either direct or mediated. And there could also be confounding third variables influencing their association. Using a sample of 320 monozygotic- and 312 dizygotic twin pairs, we were able to control for confounding influences from both genes and the family-environment, increasing our ability to infer causal effects. Furthermore, we investigate the roles of perceived Socio-Economic Status (SES) in both childhood and adulthood; SES in childhood could be a confound between education and RWA, and SES in adulthood could be a mediator. We explore these hypotheses with ACE-β models, which extend the logic of discordant twin designs into a structural equation framework. Our results are consistent with a causal effect of education to reduce RWA. SES in adulthood did not mediate this effect. We find that the negative correlation between RWA and education is further amplified by confounding influences, mostly from the family environment, which are partly associated with SES.

scholarly journals Measurement of Family Environment Levels among Students of Saveetha Dental College: Questionnaire Based Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harini. K ◽  
Dr. Karpagam krishnamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Religious Background ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

Aim: To measure the family environment levels among students in Saveetha dental college. Objective: Measuring the family environment scale by a questionnaire. Background: The family is the oldest and the most important of all the social institutions. The family environment is influenced by a number of factors like constellation, number of children in the family, marital relationship between husband and wife, maternal environment, socio-economic status and religious background of the family. Reason: I am interested to know about the family environment of students. This study also helps us to emphasise the values about family environment.

scholarly journals Intrinsic and extrinsic religiousness: genetic and environmental influences and personality correlates

Twin Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Bouchard ◽  
Matt McGue ◽  
David Lykken ◽  
Auke Tellegen
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
The Family ◽  
Significant Heritability ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
Psychological Inventory

AbstractThis report presents findings for the Intrinsic (IR) and Extrinsic (ER) religiousness scales from the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart. The scales were shown to be internally consistent, sufficiently distinct from the scales of the California Psychological Inventory and the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire and unrelated to a number of measures of response style to justify treating them as distinct traits. The I scales also showed considerable evidence of construct validity in its correlations with religious fundamentalism and authoritarianism as assessed by the MMPI and Altemeyer's Right-Wing Authoritarianism scale. Data on IR and ER from 35 pairs of monozygotic twins reared apart (MZA) and 37 pairs of dizygotic twins reared apart (DZA) were fitted to a biometric model and demonstrated significant heritability (0.43 and 0.39), with a model containing genetic plus environmental factors fitting significantly better than a model containing only an environmental component. Twin similarity could not be explained by placement on a self-reported measure of family Moral Religious Emphasis as measured by the Family Environment Scale.

Family Environment and Child-To-Parent Violence: The Role of Emotional Insecurity

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110063
Author(s):  
Miriam Junco-Guerrero ◽  
Ana Ruiz-Fernández ◽  
David Cantón-Cortés
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Family System ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
The Family ◽  
Emotional Insecurity

Child-to-parent violence (CPV) constitutes a serious social problem due to its short and long-term consequences, which not only directly affect the victim but also generate a rupture of the family system. In this study, direct and indirect effects of exposition to violence within the family, insecurity in the family system (manifested as disengagement and/or preoccupation), and justification of violence on CPV toward mothers and fathers were analyzed with structural equation modeling (SEM). Davies and Cummings emotional security theory (1994) was applied. A total of 904 high school students between 13 and 20 years old participated in this study. Information regarding each participant’s committed CPV was obtained from the Child-to-Parent Aggression Questionnaire. Emotional insecurity was assessed with the Security in the Family System scale. To assess exposition to violence and justification of violence, the Exposure to Violence Questionnaire and Irrational Beliefs Inventory for Adolescents were applied, respectively. Strong relationships between exposition to violence within the family, emotional insecurity, justification of violence, and CPV toward mothers and fathers were observed. The results show that adolescents who are exposed to violence at home are more aggressive in the future. In addition, this relationship is mediated, at least in part, by the justification of violence and emotional insecurity. These results suggest that prevention and treatment of CPV aggressors should focus on improving security within the survivors’ family system as well as modifying attitudes toward violence.

Does the level of family dysfunction moderate the impact of genetic factors on the personality trait of neuroticism?

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. KENDLER ◽  
S. H. AGGEN ◽  
K. C. JACOBSON ◽  
M. C. NEALE
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Family Dysfunction ◽  
Twin Model ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

Background. While the family environment can directly influence later risk for psychopathology, dysfunction in the family of origin may also moderate the impact of genetic factors on liability for psychiatric disorders. Can a similar pattern be seen for the personality trait of Neuroticism (N) – which is a risk factor for many psychiatric conditions?Method. Our sample of 957 complete female–female twin pairs from a population-based register had measures of self-reported N and multiple reporters (twin, co-twin, mother, father) for family dysfunction (FD). Statistical analysis was conducted by traditional regression analysis and a moderator structural equation twin model operationalized in the computer program Mx.Results. Dividing the sample into quartiles based on increasing levels of FD, the mean of N increased substantially while correlations of N in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins were relatively constant. Regression analyses did not suggest greater twin resemblance for N with increasing levels of FD. The best-fit structural equation model was the standard un-moderated model in which the proportion of variance in N due to genetic (39%) and unique environmental effects (61%) remained constant across values of FD.Conclusions. Although a false-negative result due to limited power cannot be excluded, these analyses do not support the hypothesis that FD moderates the impact of genetic factors on levels of N.

Tabloid news, anti-immigration attitudes, and support for right-wing populist parties

2019 ◽  
pp. 205704731988412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Diehl ◽  
Ramona Vonbun-Feldbauer ◽  
Matthew Barnidge
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
News Media ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Immigration Attitudes

This study examines the role of individuals’ media diets in contributing to the growing support for right-wing populist parties. Drawing on social identity theory and the notion of populism as political communication, this study argues that socio-economic status and tabloid news use explain support for right-wing candidates through heightened out-group hostility. Using survey data from the Austrian National Election Study ( N = 1161), we present a process model in the structural equation modeling framework, and we compare the direct and indirect effects of attention to tabloid versus broadsheet news on the probability to vote for the Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs. Results show that the link between social status and support for right-wing populism is mediated by attention to tabloid news and anti-immigration attitudes. Implications for democratic norms are discussed in light of the overlap between news media and politicians in their use of populist narratives.

scholarly journals Association between socio-economic status and childhood undernutrition in Bangladesh; a comparison of possession score and poverty index

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1498-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masuda Mohsena ◽  
CG Nicholas Mascie-Taylor ◽  
Rie Goto
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Family ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age ◽  
Children Under 5

AbstractObjectiveTo determine how much of the variation in nutritional status of Bangladeshi children under 5 years old can be attributed to the socio-economic status of the family.DesignNutritional status used reference Z-scores of weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ). A ‘possession score’ was generated based on ownership of a radio, television, bicycle, motorcycle and telephone, and the availability of electricity, with categories of 0 to 4+ possessions. A five-point (quintile) ‘poverty index’ was created using principal component analysis.SettingThe Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2004 was the source of data.SubjectsA sample of 4891 children aged <5 years was obtained.ResultsSome 57·8 % of the sample was either stunted, wasted or underweight (7·7 % were stunted, wasted and underweight). Of those stunted (48·4 %), 25·7 % were also underweight. Underweight and wasting prevalences were 40·7 % and 14·3 %, respectively. Mean WAZ, HAZ and WHZ did not differ by sex. Children of mothers with no education or no possessions were, on average, about 1 sd more underweight and stunted than those with higher educated mothers or with 4+ possessions. The possession score provided much greater discrimination of undernutrition than the poverty index. Nearly 50 % of children from households with no possessions were stunted, wasted or underweight (only 27 % in the poorest quintile), compared with only 3–6 % of children from households with 4+ possessions (over 13 % in the richest quintile).ConclusionsMaternal education and possession score were the main predictors of a child’s nutritional status. Possession score was a much better indicator of undernutrition than the poverty index.

Does materialism predict racism? materialism as a distinctive social attitude and a predictor of prejudice

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Roets ◽  
Alain Van Hiel ◽  
Ilse Cornelis
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Social Attitude ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Ideological Space ◽  
Attitudinal Dimension ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unique Part

Previous research reported that Right‐Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) constitute the individual's ideological space and are strong dispositional determinants of racism. In the present study, materialism was examined as a third social attitude and a potential predictor of racism. In a student (N = 183) and heterogeneous adult sample (N = 176) analyses revealed that RWA, SDO and materialism constitute three separate dimensions and that each of them explains a unique part of the variance in racism. In addition, Structural Equation Modelling showed that the relationship between materialism and racism was largely mediated by selfish motives. In the discussion we go further into the role of materialism as a third social attitudinal dimension. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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