Demand without Supply: Populist Attitudes without Salient Supply-Side Factors of Populism

Populism's electoral success has been linked to socio-economic crises and to inflammatory political discourse. However, little is known of populist attitudes in contexts in which these supply-side factors are not salient. The present article diverges from the conception of populism that sees it as being activated or fuelled by contextual factors and, rather, conceives populism as an ideological attitudinal dimension that can have an impact on vote choice when supply-side factors are not salient. Using the particular context of the 2015 Canadian federal election as a case to test this theory, empirical analyses support this conception of populism by demonstrating that populist attitudes can be relatively prominent and even impact vote choice in a setting in which the traditional supply-side factors to activate or fuel populism are not salient. Ultimately, populism is shown to be an important demand-side attitudinal dimension even when there is little or no fertile ground for it.

The Political Integration of Immigrants: How Pre- and Postmigration Contexts Matter

This study examines the political integration of immigrants in Germany and asks whether immigrants and their descendants show similar rates of political participation and expression of political attitudes as the population without an immigrant background. Furthermore, the study focusses on the pre- and postmigration context of immigrants and analyses whether immigrants differ in their level of political integration depending on (1) whether they come from more or less authoritarian regimes and (2) whether they have experienced discrimination in the receiving context. Using data from CILS4EU-DE, with a large representative sample of (children of) immigrants and non-immigrants in Germany, we observe differences in the political integration between immigrants and non-immigrants only on the attitudinal level, with immigrants showing lower levels of political trust but also slightly higher levels of satisfaction with the democratic system in Germany. When focussing on the effects of the pre- and the postmigration context, we observe differential results for the behavioural and attitudinal dimension: when immigrants stem from more authoritarian countries as well as when they have experienced more discrimination in the receiving context, this seems to mobilise respondents with respect to their political behaviour; however, it results in lower levels of political integration on the attitudinal dimension.

Brand Endorsers with Role Model Function

Social media influencers (SMIs) are taking on new roles in the communication environment of their followers as persuasive agents, opinion leaders, brand endorsers, and role models. Taking a look from the perspective of SMIs as agents in the persuasion attempt and their advertising literacy, our study has three aims. First, we provide insight into SMIs‘ self-perception as opinion-leading brand endorsers. Second, we discuss the extent to which SMIs use this awareness of and knowledge about their role model function for their particular young followers. Finally, we show how SMIs actively construct their media persona and how their relationship with their followers is based around this identity. The results from 15 semi-structured, guideline-based interviews conducted in 2019 with German SMIs working in different subject areas (e.g., fitness, fashion, travel, and family) show that SMIs are advertising literate. SMIs are aware of their multiple roles (understanding of one‘s roles: conceptional dimension), and reflect about their media persona‘s role model function (role interpretation: attitudinal dimension). Therefore, the majority of SMIs create their content and their media persona, as well as actively construct their relationship to their followers, based on their knowledge and awareness (role construction: performance dimension).

Voices of the Har-of-Hearing about their L2 Acquisition Struggles: A Case Study

In the context of advocacy of the rights of minorities, communities should learn more about the learning rights of students who experience hearing loss. This paper reports a qualitative case study that looked into the perspectives and retrospectives on learning in integrated classrooms of three hard of hearing participants. They identified problems of the reproduction of inequalities such as lack of special arrangements to meet their needs. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of how these learners struggled and made sense of their schooled L2 learning. For the Hard of Hearing, listening goes beyond perceiving sounds. Their interpretation draws on attitudes, affectivity, body language, and context. They hear with their ears but listen with the other senses. They require analyzing the environment, the facial expression, how people talk, the tone of voice, the behavior, the movements, the place and the moment to figure out messages; words alone are insufficient. Participants insisted that their invisible disability requires specific pedagogies and the support of communities. The results of the study fell in three dimensions: The Affective Dimension referred to family, classmates and teachers’ empathy, or lack of it, towards their condition. The Communicative Dimension involved the participants’ perception of communication with teachers, classmates, and their self-perception of communication. The Attitudinal Dimension involved the perception of the attitude of teachers, institutions, and their own attitudes towards L2 learning. The results suggest that 1. HHs feel capable of mastering an L2 in integrated classrooms, 2. Language policies and standardized exams misrepresent the HHs’ capabilities, and 3. Classroom equity demands material selection and methodological adjustments.

Κυρίαρχος προσανατολισμός των αξιών προς την ατομικότητα ή τη συλλογικότητα σε ελληνικό και γαλλικό δείγμα

This study focuses on social representations about the constructs of individuality and collectivity in two European capitals. The structure as well as the attitudinal dimension of social representations was explored through a material collected by the method of free associations and analyzed by the structural approach proposed by P. Vergès. Participants (68 Psychology students from the University of Paris 5 and 109 Psychology students from Panteion University) filled out a questionnaire. Based on the examination of previous studies, we hypothesized that the Greek sample would produce more positive associations and more positive evaluation of the terms associated to collectivity than the French sample and that the French sample would produce more positive associations and a more positive evaluation of the terms associated to individuality. The structure of social representations for the two samples should also confirm these differences, highlighting through the central and peripheral elements of the representations that the Greek sample favors collectivism compared to the French sample and inversely that the French sample favors individuality compared to the Greek sample. The findings confirm our hypotheses.

Towards sustainable tourism: an empirical investigation

Purpose Looking at the paucity of research examining behaviour in reference to sustainable tourism in India, the study aims to propose a framework for predicting the mediating role played by personal norms in determining the intention to adopt sustainable tourism in India. Design/methodology/approach The study is cross-sectional in nature and has gathered responses from 275 valid respondents with diverse socio-demographic profiles. EFA was conducted, followed by CFA and structural model analysis to test the hypothesized relationships. Findings The results indicate that all the hypotheses were found to be significant, thus confirming the direct and indirect effect of consumer knowledge and consumer perceived effectiveness on an intention to adopt sustainable tourism. Research limitations/implications The study has not just added a different perspective to sustainable tourism but has also attempted to capture the attention of all academicians and practitioners who have sidelined this relevant concept in Indian context. Practical implications Marketers aiming to alter tourist’s behaviour with respect to sustainability must understand that they need to redesign their strategies within the context of personal norms or values. Originality/value While some of the literature has attempted to explore the attitudinal dimension of environmentally conscious behaviour, there is much scope to examine the factors motivating the formation of intention towards sustainable tourism in Indian context. The confined use of constructs from value-belief-norm model and theory of planned behaviour in sustainable tourism, has led to the development of the proposed research framework in the study.

Pembangunan Instrumen Pengukuran Amalan Wasatiyyah dalam Kalangan Mahasiswa di Malaysia

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan satu Instrumen Pengukuran Amalan Wasatiyyah (IPAW) dalam kalangan mahasiswa Islam di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Awam Malaysia. Ianya mengandungi empat dimensi: Skala Dimensi Fahaman (DF); Skala Dimensi Jati-diri (DJ); Skala Dimensi Keperlakuan (DK) dan Skala Dimensi Pembelajaran (DP). Proses pembentukannya berdasarkan kepada kajian literatur dan dapatan kajian terdahulu, berkaitan dengan persoalan dasar sesuatu perlakuan, teras dan kategori amalan Wasatiyyah secara universal dan komprehensif. 508 orang responden turut serta dalam kajian ini mewakili enam buah IPTA di sekitar Lembah Kelang. Dapatan kajian menunjukan terdapat hubungan yang positif antara amalan Wasatiyyah dengan keseluruhan dimensi fahaman, jati-diri, keperlakuan dan pembelajaran mahasiswa. This study aimed to develop a Wasatiyyah Practice Measurement Instrument among Muslim students at the Malaysian Public Higher Learning Institution. It consists of four dimensions: Understanding Dimensional Scale; Self-strength Dimensional Scale; Attitudinal Dimension Scale and Learning Dimension Scale. The process of its formation is based on the literature review and findings from previous studies, relating to the fundamental questions of the universal, comprehensive and categories of Wasatiyyah practices. 508 respondents in this study represented six public universities in the Klang Valley. The finding shows that there is a positive relationship between Wasatiyyah practice and overall students’ academic achievement.

The association between body weight dissatisfaction with unhealthy eating behaviors and lack of physical activity in adolescents: A systematic review

A systematic review examined the association between body weight dissatisfaction with unhealthy eating behaviors and lack of physical activity in adolescents, since it represents an alert to adolescent’s health and well-being. Six electronic databases and gray literature were systematically searched from January 1980 to December 2018. A total of 11 articles met the inclusion criteria. Included studies assessed body weight dissatisfaction using different dimensions/components: satisfaction component of the attitudinal dimension was assessed in five studies, behavior component of the attitudinal dimension was assessed in two studies, perceptual dimension was assessed in two studies, and two studies were unclear about dimension. Behaviors: two assessed only unhealthy eating behaviors, six assessed lack of physical activity, and three assessed both behaviors. Only three studies found an association between body weight dissatisfaction with unhealthy eating behaviors, three with lack of physical activity, and one did not perform a statistical test for an association between body weight dissatisfaction with unhealthy eating behaviors and lack of physical activity. Few studies have reported an association between body weight dissatisfaction with one of these unhealthy behaviors. There was substantial heterogeneity related to unit of measures, both for body weight dissatisfaction and for behaviors studied.

Psychological Perspectives on Religious Education

In this publication the contributions made by the individual differences tradition of psychology over the past 50 years to research in religious education are reviewed and assessed. In this context religious education is conceived broadly to embrace what takes place in schools, within religious communities, and within households across the age span. The opening section roots the analysis within the tradition of developmental psychology and the research that flourished in the area of religious development during the 1960s. It is from these foundations that current interest in the individual differences approach emerges. Subsequent sections examine the centrality of the attitudinal dimension of religion, discuss the place of personality in the individual differences tradition, explore sex as a core individual difference in religion, map the correlates, antecedents and consequences of individual differences in religious affect or attitudes, review research into the distinctiveness and effectiveness of church schools and the family in religious nurture, identify the factors that account for individual differences in attitude toward religious diversity, explore the relevance of the individual differences tradition for adult religious education, and explore the implications of the individual differences tradition for biblical hermeneutics and discipleship learning.

Majority acceptance of vaccination and mandates across the political spectrum in Australia

The Australian government has recently introduced some of the strictest vaccination mandates in the world. In light of international studies warning that public opposition to vaccination mandates could undermine public consensus about the value of vaccination, we conduct an original study of more than 1000 Australians on attitudes towards both vaccination and mandates. We find that, in contrast to similar studies in the United States and the United Kingdom, support for both vaccination and mandates is very high, with no significant opposition from any political subgroup. Apart from attitudes towards vaccination itself, there appears to be no separate attitudinal dimension that generates political opposition to vaccination mandates in Australia. This shows the importance of national political context in debates about vaccination policy.