scholarly journals Validating the Iowa Test of Consonant Perception

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Geller ◽  
Bob McMurray ◽  
Inyong Choi ◽  
Ann Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Closed Set ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Response Choices

Speech perception, especially in background noise, is a critical problem for hearing impaired listeners, and an important issue for cognitive hearing science. Despite a plethora of standardized measures, there are few single-word, closed-set tasks that uniformly sample the phonetic space and which use response choices that balance all phonetic features. The Iowa Test of Consonant Perception (ITCP) was developed to solve this. It is a phonemically balanced word recognition task designed to assess perception of the initial consonant of monosyllabic consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) words. The ITCP consists of 120 phonetically balanced CVC words. Words were recorded from four different talkers (two female), and uniformly sample from all four corners of the vowel space to control for coarticulation. Response choices on each trial are balanced to equate difficulty and sample a single phonetic feature. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of ITCP by examining reliability (test-retest) and validity in a sample of online normal hearing participants. Ninety-eight participants completed two sessions of the ITCP along with standardized tests of words and sentence in noise (CNC words and AzBio sentences). The ITCP showed good test-retest reliability and convergent validity with two popular speech-in-noise tasks. ITCP materials are freely available here: https://osf.io/hycdu/.

The Children's Treatment of Animals Questionnaire (CTAQ): A Psychometric Investigation

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Thompson ◽  
Eleonora Gullone
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Humane Education ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Psychometric Investigation ◽  
Adequate Internal Consistency ◽  
Item Scale

AbstractRecognizing the importance of increasing the levels of children's humane behavior toward animals other than humans relates to the developing of valid and reliable measures of such behavior. This study reports the psychometric properties of the Children's Treatment of Animals Questionnaire (CTAQ), which assesses children's humane behavior toward nonhuman animals. The findings, based on self-reports by 61 elementary school children (25 boys; 36 girls), showed that the 13-item scale has adequate internal consistency. In addition, comparing two administrations of the scale over a five-week period demonstrated good test-retest reliability. The scale's convergent validity was demonstrated with significant correlations between responses on the CTAQ and two previously validated measures of empathy. The study concluded that the CTAQ is a valid and reliable measure for assessing the degree to which children's behavior toward nonhuman animals is humane. Determining the sensitivity of the measure to change (following humane education) and the predictive validity of the measure (identification of children who are cruel to animals) will require further research.

Development and psychometric evaluation of the breast size satisfaction scale

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 717-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Pahlevan Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Breast Size ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and evaluate psychometrically an instrument named the Breast Size Satisfaction Scale (BSSS) to assess breast size satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach The present scale was developed using a set of 16 computer-generated 3D images of breasts to overcome some of the limitations of existing instruments. The images were presented to participants and they were asked to select the figure that most accurately depicted their actual breast size and the figure that most closely represented their ideal breast size. Breast size satisfaction was computed by subtracting the absolute value of the difference between ideal and actual perceived size from 16, such that higher values indicate greater breast size satisfaction. Findings Study 1 (n=65 female undergraduate students) showed good test-retest reliability and study 2 (n=1,000 Iranian women, aged 18 years and above) provided support for convergent validity using a nomological network approach. Originality/value The BSSS demonstrated good psychometric properties and thus can be used in future studies to assess breast size satisfaction among women.

scholarly journals A 2-Study Psychometric Evaluation of the Modified Dementia Worry Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 153331752199532
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Roberts ◽  
Molly Maxfield
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Dementia Worry ◽  
Excellent Internal Consistency ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

A modified version of the Dementia Worry Scale (DWS) used the terminology “Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias” (versus the DWS’ use of “dementia”). Two studies investigated psychometric properties of the modified DWS (MDWS). Study 1 compared the psychometric properties of the DWS and MDWS; both versions had single factor structures and exhibited excellent internal consistency (αs ≥ .95). The MDWS exhibited greater test-retest reliability after a 4-week interval (DWS r = .68; MDWS r = .90). In Study 2, the MDWS again displayed a single factor structure, excellent internal consistency (α = .95), and good test-retest reliability after an 8-week interval (r = .78). Additionally, results support convergent validity between the MDWS and fear of dementia, subjective memory, general anxiety, health anxiety, and neuroticism. The MDWS is psychometrically consistent with the DWS, maintains strong test-retest reliability, and is appropriate for use in cross-sectional and longitudinal research.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of the Spanish Language Measures of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1251-1251
Author(s):  
R Fox ◽  
J Hook ◽  
M J Marquine ◽  
J Manly ◽  
B Correia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Reading ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Language Measures ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Objective The NIH Toolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function (NIHTB) was developed under contract from the National Institutes of Health to create a set of easy-to-administer neuropsychological measures, for use across the lifespan (ages 3-85). The NIHTB Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) includes two language measures that were developed, calibrated, and normed separately in English and Spanish. This analysis presents the test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Spanish-language picture vocabulary test (S-PVT) and oral reading recognition test (S-ORRT) among adults. Participants and Method Participants were adults age 18-85 who took part in the NIHTB norming study in Spanish (N = 408, Age: M = 44.1, SD = 16.7; Education: M = 10.7, SD = 4.3; 65.0% female). Of these, 48 repeated the battery 1 week later. Both the S-PVT and the S-ORRT were administered using computer adaptive testing and scored using item response theory. Spearman’s correlations were used to evaluate test-retest reliability. Convergent validity was evaluated by correlating S-PVT scores with scores on the Batería-III Woodcock-Muñoz Vocabulario Sobre Dibujos, and by correlating S-ORRT scores with scores on a 48-item version of the Word Accentuation Test. Adjusted Spearman’s correlations and general linear models related scores to age, education, and sex. Results Both the S-PVT (ρ = 0.87, p < .001) and the S-ORRT (ρ = 0.88, p < .001) demonstrated good test-retest reliability. Good convergent validity was found for both the S-PVT (ρ = 0.76, p < .001) and the S-ORRT (ρ = 0.65, p < .001). Scores on the S-PVT were positively related to education (ρ = 0.38, p < .001), and scores on the S-ORRT were negatively related to age (ρ = -0.18, p < .01) and positively related to education (ρ = 0.30, p < .001). Conclusions The Spanish language measures of the NIHTB-CB demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity, suggesting they can be used to measure language ability among Spanish-speaking adults in the United States.

Effects of Gender, Parental Role, and Time on Infant- and Adult-Directed Read and Spontaneous Speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 4001-4014
Author(s):  
Melanie Weirich ◽  
Adrian Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
First Year ◽  
Space Size ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Description Task

Purpose The study sets out to investigate inter- and intraspeaker variation in German infant-directed speech (IDS) and considers the potential impact that the factors gender, parental involvement, and speech material (read vs. spontaneous speech) may have. In addition, we analyze data from 3 time points prior to and after the birth of the child to examine potential changes in the features of IDS and, particularly also, of adult-directed speech (ADS). Here, the gender identity of a speaker is considered as an additional factor. Method IDS and ADS data from 34 participants (15 mothers, 19 fathers) is gathered by means of a reading and a picture description task. For IDS, 2 recordings were made when the baby was approximately 6 and 9 months old, respectively. For ADS, an additional recording was made before the baby was born. Phonetic analyses comprise mean fundamental frequency (f0), variation in f0, the 1st 2 formants measured in /i: ɛ a u:/, and the vowel space size. Moreover, social and behavioral data were gathered regarding parental involvement and gender identity. Results German IDS is characterized by an increase in mean f0, a larger variation in f0, vowel- and formant-specific differences, and a larger acoustic vowel space. No effect of gender or parental involvement was found. Also, the phonetic features of IDS were found in both spontaneous and read speech. Regarding ADS, changes in vowel space size in some of the fathers and in mean f0 in mothers were found. Conclusion Phonetic features of German IDS are robust with respect to the factors gender, parental involvement, speech material (read vs. spontaneous speech), and time. Some phonetic features of ADS changed within the child's first year depending on gender and parental involvement/gender identity. Thus, further research on IDS needs to address also potential changes in ADS.

Development of the Fear of Intimacy Components Questionnaire (FICQ)

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pedro Sobral ◽  
Maria Emília Costa
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fear Of Intimacy ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract. We developed a new instrument designed to measure fear of intimacy in romantic relationships. We suggest assessing fear of intimacy through two dimensions: self-revelation and dependence. The Fear of Intimacy Components Questionnaire (FICQ) was validated across three studies in which a 10-item solution systematically emerged. Consistently with a two component perspective, a two-factor solution fitted data the best: fear of losing the self (FLS) and fear of losing the other (FLO). Qualitative analyses verified content validity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses tested the factor structure. Multigroup analyses supported the structural invariance across gender, age, and relationship status. Both factors showed adequate discriminant validity and internal consistency, and good 3-week period test-retest reliability. Associations between the FICQ and insecure attachment orientations demonstrated convergent validity. The association between the FICQ and relationship satisfaction above and beyond a preexisting measure offered criterion validity. By going beyond traditional self-revelation-focused conception of fear of intimacy, that is, by proposing a bi-dimensional structure to fear of intimacy, we believe that this new measure will contribute to future research on fear of intimacy.

scholarly journals Development of central auditory processes in Polish children and adolescents at the age from 7 to 16 years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Lewandowska ◽  
Rafał Milner ◽  
Małgorzata Ganc ◽  
Elżbieta Włodarczyk ◽  
Joanna Dołżycka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Students ◽  
Frequency Pattern ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Right Ear Advantage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Auditory Processes

AbstractThere are discrepancies in the literature regarding the course of central auditory processes (CAP) maturation in typically developing children and adolescents. The purpose of the study was to provide an overview of age – related improvement in CAP in Polish primary and secondary school students aged 7–16 years. 180 children/adolescents, subdivided into 9 age categories, and 20 adults (aged 18–24 years) performed the Dichotic Digit Test (DDT), Duration Pattern Test (DPT), Frequency Pattern Test (FPT), Gap Detection Test (GDT) and adaptive Speech-in-Noise (aSpN). The 12-year-olds was retested after w week. We found the age effects only for the DDT, DPT and FPT. In the right ear DDT the 7-year-olds performed more poorly than all groups ≥12. In the left ear DDT both 7- and 8-year-olds achieved less correct responses compared with the 13-, 14-, 15-year-olds and with the adults. The right ear advantage was greater in the 7-year-olds than in the 15-year-olds and adult group. At the age of 7 there was lower DPT and FPT scores than in all participants ≥13 whereas the 8-year-olds obtained less correct responses in the FPT than all age categories ≥12. Almost all groups (except for the 7-year-olds) performed better in the DPT than FPT. The test-retest reliability for all tests was satisfactory. The study demonstrated that different CAP have their own patterns of improvement with age and some of them are specific for the Polish population. The psychoacoustic battery may be useful in screening for CAP disorders in Poland.

scholarly journals Test–retest reliability and convergent validity of the test of nonverbal intelligence-fourth edition in patients with schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Wei Chen ◽  
Ya-Chen Lee ◽  
Tzu-Ying Yu ◽  
Li-Jung Cheng ◽  
Chien-Yu Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Practice Effect ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Nonverbal Intelligence ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Random Measurement Error ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background Fluid intelligence deficits affect executive functioning and social behaviors in patients with schizophrenia. To help clinicians manage fluid intelligence deficits, a psychometrically sound measure is needed. The purposes of this study were to examine the test–retest reliability and convergent validity of the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-Fourth Edition (TONI-4) assessing fluid intelligence in patients with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 103 patients with stable condition were assessed with the TONI-4 twice with a 4-week interval to examine the test–retest reliability. We further used the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Tablet-Based Symbol Digit Modalities Test (T-SDMT) to examine the convergent validity of the TONI-4. Results The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.73 for the TONI-4. The percentages of standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change for the TONI-4 were 5.1 and 14.2%, respectively. The practice effect of the TONI-4 was small (Cohen’s d = − 0.03). Convergent validity showed small to moderate significant correlations between the TONI-4 and the MoCA as well as the T-SDMT (r = 0.35, p = .011 with the T-SDMT and r = 0.61, p < .001 with the MoCA). The results demonstrated that the TONI-4 had good test–retest reliability, limited random measurement error, and a trivial practice effect. The convergent validity of the TONI-4 was good. Conclusions These findings indicate that the TONI-4 has potential to be a reliable and valid assessment of fluid intelligence in patients with schizophrenia.

Validity and reliability of the Mandarin version of the Treatment Burden Questionnaire among stroke patients in Mainland China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Miao Li ◽  
Jiaxin Gu ◽  
Xintong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Treatment Burden ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Objectives To examine the validity and reliability of the Mandarin version of the Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ) among stroke patients. Background Stroke patients need long-term management of symptoms and life situation, and treatment burden has recently emerged as a new concept that can influence the health outcomes during the rehabilitation process. Methods The convenience sampling method was used to recruit 187 cases of stroke patients in a tertiary grade hospital in Tianjin for a formal investigation. Item analysis, reliability and validity tests were carried out. The reliability test included internal consistency and test–retest reliability. And as well as content, structure and convergent validity were performed for the validity test. Results Of the 187 completed questionnaires, only 180 (96.3%) were suitable for analysis. According to the experts’ evaluation, the I-CVI of each item was from 0.833 to 1.000, and the S-CVI was 0.967. The exploratory factor analysis yielded three-factor components with a cumulative variation of 53.054%. Convergent validity was demonstrated using measures of Morisky’s Medication Adherence Scale 8 (r = –0.450, P &lt; 0.01). All correlations between items and global scores ranged from 0.403 to 0.638. Internal consistency reliability and test–retest reliability were found to be acceptable, as indicated by a Cronbach’s α of 0.824 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.846, respectively. Conclusions The Mandarin TBQ had acceptable validity and reliability. The use of TBQ in the assessment of treatment burden of stroke survivor may benefit health resources allocation and provide tailor therapeutic interventions to construct minimally disruptive care.

scholarly journals The Development of a Paediatric Phoneme Discrimination Test for Arabic Phonemic Contrasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-166
Author(s):  
Hanin Rayes ◽  
Ghada Al-Malky ◽  
Deborah Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Closed Set ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Phoneme Discrimination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Arabic Speaking

Objective: The aim of this project was to develop the Arabic CAPT (A-CAPT), a Standard Arabic version of the CHEAR auditory perception test (CAPT) that assesses consonant perception ability in children. Method: This closed-set test was evaluated with normal-hearing children aged 5 to 11 years. Development and validation of the speech materials were accomplished in two experimental phases. Twenty-six children participated in phase I, where the test materials were piloted to ensure that the selected words were age appropriate and that the form of Arabic used was familiar to the children. Sixteen children participated in phase II where test–retest reliability, age effects, and critical differences were measured. A computerized implementation was used to present stimuli and collect responses. Children selected one of four response options displayed on a screen for each trial. Results: Two lists of 32 words were developed with two levels of difficulty, easy and hard. Assessment of test–retest reliability for the final version of the lists showed a strong agreement. A within-subject ANOVA showed no significant difference between test and retest sessions. Performance improved with increasing age. Critical difference values were similar to the British English version of the CAPT. Conclusions: The A-CAPT is an appropriate speech perception test for assessing Arabic-speaking children as young as 5 years old. This test can reliably assess consonant perception ability and monitor changes over time or after an intervention.

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