scholarly journals A Goal-Directed Account of Action Slips: The Reliance on Old Contingencies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eike Kofi Buabang ◽  
Massimo Anders Francesco Koester ◽  
Yannick Boddez ◽  
Pieter Van Dessel ◽  
Jan De Houwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Training Schedule ◽  
The Past ◽  
Extensive Training ◽  
Outcome Information ◽  
Study Participants

People often keep engaging in behaviors that used to be successful in the past but which are knowingly no longer effective in the current situation, so called action slips. Such action slips are often explained with stimulus-driven processes in which behavior is caused by a stimulus-response association and without information about the outcome of the behavior. This process is contrasted with a goal-directed process in which behavior is selected because it is expected to lead to a desired outcome. Failing to act in line with changes in the outcome, is taken as evidence for stimulus-driven processes. Stimulus-driven processes are assumed to get installed after overtraining and to be deployed under poor operating conditions. In line with this, previous research has found that action slips are more likely to occur after extensive training and when under time pressure. We propose an alternative goal-directed explanation according to which action slips are not caused by a stimulus-driven process, but rather by a goal-directed process that relies on old, no longer accurate, outcome information. In the current study, participants learned four stimulus-response-outcome contingencies during a single (i.e., moderate training) or a four-day training schedule (i.e., extensive training). Afterwards two contingencies were reversed. Results show that after extensive training and when under time pressure, participants not only committed more action slips but also reported more old response-outcome contingencies in line with these action slips. This is consistent with the goal-directed explanation that action slips result from a reliance on old, no longer accurate outcome information.

scholarly journals Perceptions and Opinions towards Cell Phone Use as a Risk Factor of Brain Cancer among University Students in Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Redhwan Ahmed Al-Naggar ◽  
Yuri V Bobryshev
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cell Phone Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Study Participants

The worldwide use of cell phones has rapidly increased over the past decades. With the increasing use of mobile phones, concern has been raised about the possible carcinogenic effects as a result of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. The objective of this study was to explore the perceptions and opinions towards brain cancer related to cell phone use among university students in Malaysia. The study revealed that the majority of the study participants believe that there is no relationship between brain cancer and hand phone use.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i1.7808 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 1-4

scholarly journals Shopping Centres, Cycling Accessibility and Planning—The Case of Nova Lund in Sweden

Urban Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Till Koglin ◽  
Lucas Glasare
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Shopping Centre ◽  
The Past ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Subject

This paper evaluates the history and cycling accessibility of Nova, a shopping centre established in Lund, Sweden, in 2002. The current situation was also analysed through observation and a literature review. Moreover, the study conducted a closer analysis of the history and role of the municipality based on further literature study and interviews with officials. The conclusion of the analysis indicates poor and unsafe bikeways caused by conflicts of interest between politicians, officials, landowners and the general public. It also depicts a situation in which the municipality’s master plan has been ignored, and, in contrast to the local goals, cycling accessibility at Nova has seen no significant improvement since the shopping centre was first established. The reasons for this, arguably, are a relatively low budget for bikeway improvements in the municipality, as well as a situation in which decision-makers have stopped approaching the subject, as a result of the long and often boisterous conflicts it has created in the past. Lastly, it must be noted that it is easy to regard the whole process of Nova, from its establishment to the current situation, as being symptomatic of the power structures between drivers and cyclists that still affect decision-makers at all levels.

Flow Coefficient Evaluation of Poppet Valves Used in Reciprocating Compressors for LDPE

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo Giacomelli ◽  
Massimo Schiavone ◽  
Fabio Manfrone ◽  
Andrea Raggi
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Flow Coefficient ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
High Fatigue ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Poppet Valves

Poppet valves have been used for a long time for very high pressure reciprocating compressors, as for example in the case of Low Density Polyethylene. These applications are very critical because the final pressure can reach 350 MPa and the evaluation of the performance of the machines is strongly connected to the proper operation and performance of the valve itself. The arrangement of cylinders requires generally a certain compactness of valve to withstand high fatigue stresses, but at the same time pressure drop and operating life are very important. In recent years the reliability of the machines has been improving over and over and the customers’ needs are very stringent. Therefore the use of poppet valves has been extended to other cases. In general the mentioned applications are heavy duty services and the simulation of the valves require some coefficients to be used in the differential equations, able to describe the movement of plate/disk or poppet and the flow and related pressure drop through the valves. Such coefficients are often determined in an experimental way in order to have a simulation closer to the real operating conditions. For the flow coefficients it is also possible today to use theoretical programs capable of determining the needed values in a quick and economical way. Some investigations have been carried out to determine the values for certain geometries of poppet valves. The results of the theory have been compared with some experimental tests. The good agreement between the various methods indicates the most suitable procedure to be applied in order to have reliable data. The advantage is evident as the time necessary for the theoretical procedure is faster and less expensive. This is of significant importance at the time of the design and also in case of a need to provide timely technical support for the operating behavior of the valves. Particularly for LDPE, the optimization of all the parameters is strongly necessary. The fatigue stresses of cylinder heads and valve bodies have to match in fact with gas passage turbulence and pressure drop, added to the mechanical behavior of the poppet valve components.

The Relationship Between a Couple's Marital Adjustment and Beliefs About Diabetes Mellitus

1990 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Pieper ◽  
Wendla Kushion ◽  
Susan Gaida
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Relationship

Twenty married couples with one partner diagnosed as having diabetes at age 40 or older within the past 5 years participated in this study. Participants completed the diabetes or family version of Beliefs About Diabetes (BAD) and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). Results showed that perceived barriers to diet and to medication by the person with diabetes were associated with higher marital satisfaction and quality of marriage. In contrast, for the nondiabetic spouse, the perceived benefits of diet were negatively associated with the ability to work with the diabetic spouse. Additional research is needed to better understand the effect of diabetes on the marital relationship.

Pipeline Dent Management Program

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Ironside ◽  
L. Blair Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Past

Enbridge Pipelines Inc. operates the world’s longest and most complex liquids pipeline network. As part of Enbridge’s Integrity Management Program In-Line Inspections have been and will continue to be conducted on more than 15,000 km of pipeline. The Inspection Programs have included using the most technologically advanced geometry tools in the world to detect geometrical discontinuities such as ovality, dents, and buckles. During the past number of years, Enbridge Pipelines Inc. has been involved in developing a method of evaluating the suitability of dents in pipelines for continued service. The majority of the work involved the development of a method of modeling the stresses within a dent using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The development and validation of this model was completed by Fleet Technology Limited (FTL) through several projects sponsored by Enbridge, which included field trials and comparisons to previously published data. This model combined with proven fracture mechanics theory provides a method of determining a predicted life of a dent based on either the past or future operating conditions of the pipeline. CSA Standard Z662 – Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems provides criteria for the acceptability of dents for continued service. There have been occurrences, however, where dents that meet the CSA acceptability criteria have experienced failure. The dent model is being used to help define shape characteristics in addition to dent depth, the only shape factor considered by CSA, which contribute to dent failure. The dent model has also been utilized to validate the accuracy of current In-Line Inspection techniques. Typically a dent will lose some of its shape as the overburden is lifted from the pipeline and after the indentor is removed. Often there can be a dramatic “re-rounding” that will occur. The work included comparing the re-rounded dent shapes from a Finite Element model simulating the removal of the constraint on the pipe to the measured dent profile from a mold of the dent taken in the field after it has been excavated. This provided a measure of the accuracy of the tool. This paper will provide an overview of Enbridge’s dent management program, a description of the dent selection process for the excavation program, and a detailed review of the ILI validation work.

scholarly journals Determinants of Mentoring and its Significance in Career Success: A Brief Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Kamal Abouraia ◽  
Lamis Riyad Mohamed Albdour
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Career Success ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
Observational Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Career Growth ◽  
Working Community

Most of us commonly use our ability and wisdom to assist and guide others. However, this kind of assistance is not just beneficial for individuals equally. For instance, it will be time pressure to guide colleagues to boost their capability and progress their course that will lead to more disadvantageous to the operation. Mentoring is a kind of auxiliary and casual administrative conversation that is very compelling in career growth. Workers and administrators in all kind of organization require grasping this fact and its affiliation in achieving their goals so that they can professionally promote their employees and attain outstanding victory in the workplace. It is likewise an instrument that organizations can take advantage of, to help them nourish and flourish their employee. As organizations endeavor to keep hard earned knowledge and wisdom, they are embracing the mentoring method as a mode of social knowledge administration. This subject has been explored and examined beyond much development for the past years. And organizations are witnessing breathtaking progress in performance, competence and, of course, the transmission of corporate intelligence and leadership skills. In this article we incorporate the dominant frame of mentoring literature with a decade of observational analysis by the authors using a range of case of the working community and seeking at the benefits of mentoring on career success with the mentor and mentee as well.

scholarly journals Measuring habit formation through goal-directed response switching

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Luque ◽  
Sara Molinero ◽  
Poppy Watson ◽  
Francisco J. López ◽  
Mike Le Pelley
Keyword(s):  
Learning Theory ◽  
Switch Cost ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Reward Learning ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Response Switching ◽  
Directed System ◽  
Habitual Behavior ◽  
Reliable Marker ◽  
Translational Models

Reward-learning theory views habits as stimulus–response links formed through extended reward training. Accordingly, animal research has shown that actions that are initially goal-directed can become habitual after operant overtraining. However, a similar demonstration is absent in human research, which poses a serious problem for translational models of behavior. We propose that response-time (RT) switch cost after operant training can be used as a new, reliable marker for the operation of the habit system in humans. Using a new method, we show that RT switch cost demonstrates the properties that would be expected of a habitual behavior: (1) it increases with overtraining; (2) it increases when rewards are larger, and (3) it increases when time pressure is added to the task, thereby hindering the competing goal-directed system. These results offer a promising new pathway for studying the operation of the habit system in humans.

scholarly journals Russian Nationalists Fight Ukrainian War

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Yudina
Keyword(s):  
Current Situation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Current Regime ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Consolidation

Abstract In this article, I am going to focus on how the radical nationalist movement in Russia fares in the current situation, given the political consolidation of the current regime, and the war in Ukraine1 and the government’s reaction to it. The article describes the situation as it stood at the end of 2014, which makes it predictably incomprehensive because new updates on the conflict still arrive every day, and there has also been more news about Russian ultra-right forces over the past few months.

Technology Focus: Coiled Tubing (June 2021)

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (06) ◽  
pp. 41-41
Author(s):  
Alex Crabtree
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Business Analytics ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Past ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Tight Carbonate ◽  
Geothermal Wells ◽  
Safety Considerations

Last year, this feature opened, almost inevitably, with comments on the effects the COVID-19 pandemic might have on our industry. Unfortunately, a year later, we probably have all experienced the effects, both personal and work-related. One of these effects is that there has been re-evaluation of what’s important. To understand what is important takes some reflection and evaluation of the past. In previous features, the focus has been on what is new or reimagined. Therefore, I thought that, in selecting papers for this year’s feature, it would be useful to select ones that look at coiled tubing operations performed and that have been evaluated in one way or another. From Bolivia comes a paper that reviews some 25 well interventions performed. Most of these operations are of a type that will be familiar to the reader. Also, some of the challenges that were faced in performing these coiled tubing operations will be familiar. These operations used a range of established types of coiled tubing operations and blended the techniques to meet particular operating conditions, especially location and logistics challenges. All conclusions and best practices that resulted, however, may not be familiar to all readers. During the past few years, many coiled tubing papers have focused on the use of coiled tubing in multizone fracturing operations, especially plug milling. An area of coiled tubing use in fracturing operations that has had less of an audience recently has been the use of coiled tubing in annular fracturing operations. This activity is still routinely being performed, particularly in Canada. The question has long existed about how the pipe is being eroded. In the related paper in this feature, the authors explain how they have tried to answer that question and have shared some of their review insights. In the past decade, coiled tubing size, weight, and grade all have continued to increase. Looking back at this trend and thinking about its effect on pressure control equipment led the developers in the third of this year’s papers to work on solutions for shear rams. This is particularly relevant after having just passed the 11th anniversary of the tragic Macondo disaster. Again, this year, I ask everyone to stay well. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. OTC 30408 Design and Safety Considerations To Perform Coiled Tubing Operations in Large-Diameter, High-Temperature Geothermal Wells by Ishaan Singh, Schlumberger, et al. SPE 204446 Implementing Business Analytics Software To Optimize Coiled Tubing Operations: A Digital Approach to Operations Efficiency by Xaymaca Bautista Alarcon, Royal Oaks Energy Services, et al. SPE 203272 The Reinvention of a Well-Established Coiled Tubing Intervention Work Flow Creates New Perspectives for Acidizing Openhole Horizontal Tight Carbonate Water Injectors by Sameer Punnapala, ADNOC, et al.

Ludomusicology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-35
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Fernández-Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Video Game Music

In the past two decades, the study of video game music has come into its own and gained acceptance in the academic community. This subdiscipline, now commonly referred as ludomusicology, is still attempting basic questions concerning how it can be researched. This article aims to present the current situation and to reflect about some of the main lines of research related to the music of video games and their culture, a field of ongoing research that has received little attention in Hispanophone academia up to the present time. This article was originally published in Anuario Musical 75 (2020): 181–99 and has been translated for the Journal of Sound and Music in Games. https://doi.org/10.3989/anuariomusical.2020.75.09

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