scholarly journals The Evil Queen’s dilemma: Linking narcissistic admiration and rivalry to benign and malicious envy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Lange ◽  
Jan Crusius ◽  
Birk Hagemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Self ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Motivational Orientations ◽  
Malicious Envy ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Emotional Appraisal ◽  
Benign Envy

It is widely assumed that narcissists are envious. Nevertheless, evidence supporting this claim has remained elusive. In five studies (combined N = 1225), we disentangle how grandiose narcissism predicts divergent envious inclinations. Specific facets of narcissism and forms of envy shared the same underlying motivational orientations (Study 1) and distinctively related to each other (Studies 1 to 5) via differences in emotional appraisal (Study 4). Moreover, envy was linked to opposing social consequences of different narcissism facets (Study 5). Specifically, hope for success related to narcissistic admiration, predicting benign envy, which entails the motivation to improve performance, translating into the ascription of social potency by the self and others. In contrast, fear of failure related to narcissistic rivalry, predicting malicious envy, which entails hostility, translating into the ascription of a proneness for social conflict by others. These results converged with envy measured as a trait (Studies 1 and 5) or state in recall tasks (Studies 2 and 4) and as response to an upward standard in the situation (Study 3). The findings provide important insights into narcissists’ emotional complexities, integrate prior isolated and conflicting evidence, and open up new avenues for research on narcissism and envy.

scholarly journals The Evil Queen's Dilemma: Linking Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry to Benign and Malicious Envy

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Lange ◽  
Jan Crusius ◽  
Birk Hagemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Consequences ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Motivational Orientations ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Malicious Envy ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Emotional Appraisal ◽  
Benign Envy

It is widely assumed that narcissists are envious. Nevertheless, evidence supporting this claim has remained elusive. In five studies (N = 1,225), we disentangle how grandiose narcissism predicts divergent envious inclinations. Specific facets of narcissism and forms of envy shared the same underlying motivational orientations (Study 1) and distinctively related to each other (Studies 1 to 5) via differences in emotional appraisal (Study 4). Moreover, envy was linked to opposing social consequences of different narcissism facets (Study 5). Specifically, hope for success related to narcissistic admiration, predicting benign envy, which entails the motivation to improve performance, translating into the ascription of social potency by the self and others. In contrast, fear of failure related to narcissistic rivalry, predicting malicious envy, which entails hostility, translating into the ascription of a proneness for social conflict by others. These results converged with envy measured as a trait (Studies 1 and 5) or state in recall tasks (Studies 2 and 4) and as response to an upward standard in the situation (Study 3). The findings provide important insights into narcissists‘ emotional complexities, integrate prior isolated and conflicting evidence, and open up new avenues for research on narcissism and envy. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology

An Emotion Divided

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yochi Cohen-Charash ◽  
Elliott C. Larson
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
Malicious Envy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Benign Envy

The recent surge in envy research has brought with it a line of inquiry differentiating between “benign” and “malicious” envy. “Benign” envy involves the motivation to improve the self, leading to socially desirable reactions. “Malicious” envy involves the motivation to harm the envied other, leading to socially undesirable reactions. We suggest that studying “benign” and “malicious” envy involves confounding envy with its outcomes, which causes confusion and impairs the understanding of envy. We discuss the roots of this differentiation, the theoretical and methodological challenges it involves, and its negative ramifications for envy research. We provide theory and findings showing that envy, conceptualized and measured as a unitary construct, can lead to a wide range of reactions, both socially desirable and undesirable, depending on personal and situational moderators. Therefore, we believe the distinction between “benign” and “malicious” envy is unwarranted and advocate for the use of envy as a unitary construct.

The Bad Can Be Good: When Benign and Malicious Envy Motivate Goal Pursuit

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Salerno ◽  
Juliano Laran ◽  
Chris Janiszewski
Keyword(s):  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
The Self ◽  
Malicious Envy ◽  
Benign Envy ◽  
Upward Comparison ◽  
Do So

Abstract Benign and malicious envy are a consequence of an unfavorable upward comparison to another individual (i.e., a negative self-other discrepancy). Benign (malicious) envy occurs when people believe the envied individual deserves (does not deserve) his/her advantage. Prior research has shown that benign envy motivates a person to address the self-other discrepancy via self-improvement, whereas malicious envy does not. This research shows that both types of envy, not just benign envy, can motivate self-improvement, provided that the opportunities to do so occur outside the envy-eliciting domain. Benign envy increases the accessibility of the belief that effort determines whether people are rewarded; hence, it motivates process-focused goal pursuit and the use of products that emphasize effort-dependent self-improvement. Malicious envy increases the accessibility of the belief that the effort does not determine whether people are rewarded; hence, it motivates outcome-focused goal pursuit and the use of products that emphasize effort-independent self-improvement. Implications and potential extensions in the areas of envy, self-conscious emotions, and goals are discussed.

scholarly journals Dispositional envy revisited: Unraveling the motivational dynamics of benign and malicious envy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Lange ◽  
Jan Crusius
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Behavioral Consequences ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Malicious Envy ◽  
Goal Disengagement ◽  
Benign Envy ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Race Performance

Previous research has conceptualized dispositional envy as a unitary construct. Recently however, episodic envy has been shown to emerge in two qualitatively different forms. Benign envy is related to the motivation to move upwards, whereas malicious envy is related to pulling superior others down. In four studies (N = 1094)—using the newly developed Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BeMaS)—we show that dispositional envy is also characterized by two independent dimensions related to distinct motivational dynamics and behavioral consequences. Dispositional benign and malicious envy uniquely predict envious responding following upward social comparisons. Furthermore, they are differentially connected to hope for success and fear of failure. Corresponding to these links, dispositional benign envy predicted faster race performance of marathon runners mediated via higher goal setting. In contrast, dispositional malicious envy predicted race goal disengagement. The findings highlight that disentangling the two sides of envy opens up numerous research avenues.

scholarly journals A status-seeking account of psychological entitlement

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Lange ◽  
Liz Redford ◽  
Jan Crusius
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Status Attainment ◽  
High Status ◽  
Total N ◽  
Psychological Entitlement ◽  
Malicious Envy ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Status Seeking

We propose that people high in entitlement are characterized by motivation to attain status. Five studies (total N = 2,372) support that entitlement promotes motivation to seek status. This motivation, in turn, relates to affective processes when facing upward comparisons and contributes to status attainment. Specifically, entitlement fostered prestige and dominance motivation. These, in turn, predicted greater benign and malicious envy, respectively, when encountering high-status others. The indirect effects occurred when entitlement was measured (Studies 1A and 1B) and manipulated (Study 2A and 2B). Finally, entitlement related to status attainment, yet not always in line with more entitled people’s motivation. Although they ascribed themselves both more prestige and dominance, others ascribed them only more dominance, yet less prestige (Studies 3A, 3B, and 3C). These findings suggest that a status-seeking account offers important insights into the complexities of entitled behavior and its social consequences.

scholarly journals Study of student’s self-isolation adaptation strategies during the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Sivrikova ◽  
Elena Chernikova ◽  
Elena Kharlanova ◽  
Tatyana Ptashko ◽  
Artem Perebejnos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Self ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Average Strength ◽  
The Social ◽  
Behavior Strategies ◽  
Positive Correlations

The COVID-19 epidemic, which turned into a pandemic, has led to the introduction of lockdown in many countries as a measure to prevent the spread of the virus. Significant changes have occurred in the lives of Russian students. The research objective is to study students’ strategies of adaptation to the self-isolation caused by the need to prevent the spread of COVID-19. To achieve this purpose, an online survey of students was conducted, followed by a correlation analysis of the data. The survey involved 269 students aged 17-21. In self-isolating conditions, students prefer to use strategies aimed at self-change. Two groups of strategies are distinguished in the structure of students’ adaptive behavior, between which there are positive correlations of average strength. The first group includes students’ preferable behavior strategies (accommodating, self-change, and self-immersion). The second group consists of strategies that are not popular among students (environment changing, waiting, avoidance, and passive self-representation). Male students are more active in solving problems than female students. The research results expand the existing understanding of students’ reactions to changes related to self-isolation. They can be useful to teachers, psychologists involved in assessing the social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on students.

Visual Access and Excess

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-185
Author(s):  
Sreedeep Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Self ◽  
Visual Access ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Networked Devices

This chapter conceptualizes several aspects of digital remediations in an era of restless digital navigation. The instantaneous creation and sharing of content altering the relationship between bodies, spaces, and devices is demonstrated here. The first section of the chapter addresses various aspects of digital remediations such as screen-mediated navigations and the multifarious role of networked devices, social consequences of the intimacy between body and device, and instantaneous modes of sharing and their implications. The second segment reflects on dimensions of the post-photographic condition such as unlimited storage, ease and excess of auto-voyeuristic tendencies, publicizing the private self, death of the photographic ‘lack’, ‘fixity’, ‘nostalgia’, the witlessness/weightlessness of the visual excess, the ease of visual manipulation and the democratization of the medium, and the death of the photographer. It also briefly discusses the control and manipulation of the self-generated data.

scholarly journals Lay theories of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Koepernik ◽  
Emanuel Jauk ◽  
Philipp Kanske
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Vulnerable Narcissism ◽  
The Public ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Psychological Theories

AbstractIn public discourse, narcissism is often portrayed one-sidedly and overly negative, rendering a picture of narcissistic individuals as “toxic people” or “evil characters”. Beyond these salient associations, psychological theories point to a more complex phenomenon, and different developmental mechanisms are being discussed in relation to it. We investigated the prevalence of different implicit theories on narcissism including beliefs about its developmental antecedents. We put forward the question whether grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic behaviors are regarded as congruent or incongruent expressions of underlying feelings and motives, that is whether grandiose behavior is attributed to underlying grandiosity or underlying vulnerability, and vice versa. Results of an online survey (N = 177) show higher agreement with congruent rather than incongruent theories (i.e., grandiose narcissism is attributed to feelings of superiority rather than inferiority, vulnerable narcissism is attributed to inferiority rather than superiority). In line with this, participants displayed predominant beliefs in parental overvaluation as a developmental antecedent of grandiose narcissism/parental coldness as an antecedent of vulnerable narcissism. With higher self-reported prior knowledge of narcissism, endorsement of theories assuming incongruencies increased. The likability of narcissism was not associated with endorsement of the different implicit theories, but instead with perceivers’ own narcissism levels. Results suggest that laypeople employ an “it is what it seems” – heuristic facing both grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic behaviors and are less likely to attribute grandiose or vulnerable behavior to incongruent motivational states. Findings might help to better understand the public image of narcissism and its social consequences.

Two Faces of Narcissism and Romantic Attraction: Evidence from a Collectivistic Culture

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunliang Feng ◽  
Yuling Liang ◽  
Hui Zhou ◽  
Li Yi
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
The Self ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Romantic Attraction ◽  
Vulnerable Narcissism ◽  
Orientation Model ◽  
Collectivistic Culture

The present study was aimed to extend the self-orientation model (Campbell, 1999) to vulnerable narcissism in a collectivistic culture. Two hundred and twenty-seven college students were recruited from China. Participants reported their ratings on measures of vulnerable and grandiose narcissism, attractions to different (caring vs perfect) targets, and their choices of potential romantic partners. Results indicated that those participants classified as grandiose or vulnerable narcissists were more attracted to perfect targets than non-narcissists. In addition, grandiose narcissists preferred to choose perfect targets as their romantic partners, while vulnerable narcissists did not show such a preference when choosing potential partners. These results suggested that culture could influence the function of narcissism. The self-orientation model could not fully explain the choices of vulnerable narcissists.

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