scholarly journals Race and Trends in Pornography Viewership, 1973-2016: Examining the Moderating Roles of Gender and Religion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Perry ◽  
Cyrus Schleifer
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Moral Issue ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Over Time

While some research has uncovered racial differences in patterns of pornography viewership, no studies to date have considered how these patterns may be changing over time or how these trends may be moderated by other key predictors of pornography viewership, specifically, gender and religion. Using nationally representative data from the 1973-2016 General Social Surveys (N = 20,620), and taking into account different ethno-religious histories with pornography as a moral issue, we examine how race, gender, and religion intersect to influence trends in pornography viewership over 43 years. Analyses reveal that black Americans in general are more likely to view pornography than whites, and they are increasing in their pornography viewership at a higher rate than whites. Moreover, black men are more likely to consume pornography than all other race-gender combinations, but only differ from white women in their increasing rate of pornography viewership. Lastly, frequent worship attendance only moderates trends in pornography viewership for white men. By contrast, regardless of attendance frequency, black men and women show increasing rates of pornography use while white women show flat rates. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for research on the intersections of race, gender, religion, and sexuality.

Abstract MP32: Race-sex differences in hyperlipidemia awareness, treatment and control in the Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika M Safford ◽  
Paul Muntner ◽  
Raegan Durant ◽  
Stephen Glasser ◽  
Christopher Gamboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
And Control ◽  
Risk Categories

Introduction: To identify potential targets for eliminating disparities in cardiovascular disease outcomes, we examined race-sex differences in awareness, treatment and control of hyperlipidemia in the REGARDS cohort. Methods: REGARDS recruited 30,239 blacks and whites aged ≥45 residing in the 48 continental US between 2003-7. Baseline data were collected via telephone interviews followed by in-home visits. We categorized participants into coronary heart disease (CHD) risk groups (CHD or risk equivalent [highest risk]; Framingham Coronary Risk Score [FRS] >20%; FRS 10-20%; FRS <10%) following the 3 rd Adult Treatment Panel. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hyperlipidemia were described across risk categories and race-sex groups. Multivariable models examined associations for hyperlipidemia awareness, treatment and control between race-sex groups compared with white men, adjusting for predisposing, enabling and need factors. Results: There were 11,677 individuals at highest risk, 847 with FRS >20%, 5791 with FRS 10-20%, and 10,900 with FRS<10%; 43% of white men, 29% of white women, 49% of black men and 43% of black women were in the highest risk category. More high risk whites than blacks were aware of their hyperlipidemia but treatment was 10-17% less common and control was 5-49% less common among race-sex groups compared with white men across risk categories. After multivariable adjustment, all race-sex groups relative to white men were significantly less likely to be treated or controlled, with the greatest differences for black women vs. white men (Table). Results were similar when stratified on CHD risk and area-level poverty tertile. Conclusion: Compared to white men at similar CHD risk, fewer white women, black men and especially black women who were aware of their hyperlipidemia were treated and when treated, they were less likely to achieve control, even after adjusting for factors that influence health services utilization.

scholarly journals Differential reporting of discriminatory experiences in Brazil and the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Burgard ◽  
Debora de Pina Castiglione ◽  
Katherine Y. Lin ◽  
Aline A. Nobre ◽  
Estela M. L. Aquino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
College Educated

Abstract: There has been little cross-national comparison of perceived discrimination, and few studies have considered how intersectional identities shape perception of discriminatory treatment in different societies. Using data from the ELSA-Brasil, a study of Brazilian civil servants, and the Americans’ Changing Lives Study, a nationally-representative sample of U.S. adults, we compare reports of lifetime discrimination among race-by-gender groups in each society. We also consider whether educational attainment explains any group differences, or if differences across groups vary by level of education. Results reveal higher lifetime discrimination experiences among Black respondents in both countries, especially Black men, than among Whites, and lower reports among White women than White men. Brown men and women also reported higher levels than White men in Brazil. For all race-by-gender groups in both countries, except Brazilian White men, reports of discrimination were higher among the more educated, though adjusting for educational differences across groups did not explain group differences. In Brazil, we found the greatest racial disparities among the college educated, while U.S. Black men were more likely to report discrimination than White men at all levels of education. Results reveal broad similarities across countries, despite important differences in their histories, and an intersectional approach contributed to identification of these similarities and some differences in discrimination experiences. These findings have implications for social and public health surveillance and intervention to address the harmful consequences of discrimination.

scholarly journals Increases in Sex with Same-Sex Partners Across U.S. Cohorts Born 1920-1998: A Race-Gender Intersection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Mishel ◽  
Paula England ◽  
Jessie Ford ◽  
Monica Caudillo
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
White Men ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Race And Class

We examine change across U.S. cohorts born between 1920 and 1998 in their probability of having had sex with same-sex partners last year and since age 18. We explore how trends differ by gender, race and class background. We use data from the 1988-2016 General Social Surveys. We find steady increases across birth cohorts in the proportion of men and women who have had both male and female sexual partners since age 18. A key finding is a race-gender intersection: black men and women of all races had similar increases— increases which were much steeper than those observed for white men. We suggest that women’s increase is rooted in a long-term asymmetry in gender change, in which nonconformity to gender norms in many arenas is more acceptable for women than men. As the increase for men is largest among black men—and this is the population most affected by the rise of mass incarceration—we suggest the latter may be a contributing factor.

scholarly journals Identity and the Legislative Decision Making Process: A Case Study of the Maryland State Legislature

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Brown
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Black Women ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women Legislators ◽  
Men I

Both politicians and the mass public believe that identity influences political behavior yet, political scientists have failed to fully detail how identity is salient for all political actors not just minorities and women legislators. To what extent do racial, gendered, and race/gendered identities affect the legislation decision process? To test this proposition, I examine how race and gender based identities shape the legislative decisions of Black women in comparison to White men, White women, and Black men. I find that Black men and women legislators interviewed believe that racial identity is relevant in their decision making processes, while White men and women members of the Maryland state legislature had difficulty deciding whether their identities mattered and had even more trouble articulating how or why they did. African American women legislators in Maryland articulate or describe an intersectional identity as a meaningful and significant component of their work as representatives. More specifically, Black women legislators use their identity to interpret legislation differently due to their race/gender identities.

scholarly journals COPD in a Population-Based Sample of Never-Smokers: Interactions among Sex, Gender, and Race

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esme Fuller-Thomson ◽  
Rachel S. Chisholm ◽  
Sarah Brennenstuhl
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
White Women ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
White Men ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Never Smokers

This observational epidemiological study investigates sex/gender and racial differences in prevalence of COPD among never-smokers. Data were derived from the 2012 Center for Disease Control’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The sample consisted of 129,535 non-Hispanic whites and blacks 50 years of age and older who had never smoked. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were conducted, with the latter using a series of logistic regression models predicting COPD status by sex/gender and race, adjusting for age, height, socioeconomic position (SEP), number of household members, marital status, and health insurance coverage. Black women have the highest prevalence of COPD (7.0%), followed by white women (5.2%), white men (2.9%), and black men (2.4%). Women have significantly higher odds of COPD than men. When adjusting for SEP, black and white women have comparably higher odds of COPD than white men (black women OR = 1.66; 99% CI = 1.46, 1.88; white women OR = 1.49; 99% CI = 1.37, 1.63), while black men have significantly lower odds (OR = 0.62; 99% CI = 0.49, 0.79). This research provides evidence that racial inequalities in COPD (or lack thereof) may be related to SEP.

Antibiotic Use in Urban Whites and Blacks: The Minnesota Heart Survey

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1292-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Melnick ◽  
J. Michael Sprafka ◽  
David L. Laitinen ◽  
Roberd M. Bostick ◽  
John M. Flack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
White Women ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
White Men ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Drug Classes

OBJECTIVE: To assess racial differences in the use of antibiotics, including penicillins, erythromycins, tetracyclines, sulfas, and cephalosporins. DESIGN: Population-based surveys, conducted from 1985 to 1987. SETTING: The seven-county metropolitan area of Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN. PARTICIPANTS: 3127 whites (response rate 68 percent) and 1047 blacks (response rate 65 percent), aged 35–74 years. RESULTS: White women (26 percent of 1625) were more likely to report having taken an antibiotic in the past year than were white men (18 percent of 1502), black women (18 percent of 590), or black men (15 percent of 457). Reported antibiotic usage decreased with increasing age. Black men were more likely than white men to report the use of tetracyclines or sulfas; otherwise, white men reported higher usage prevalences. White women reported higher usage prevalences of all drug classes than black women. CONCLUSIONS: Significant independent predictors of antibiotic use were younger age, white race, and female gender. Potential explanations for these differences include differences in patient access, physician-prescribing behaviors, or both.

Sexual Fantasies of Black and of White College Students

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Price ◽  
Patricia A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Sexual Fantasies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
White College

The intent of the study was to obtain data on the incidence of sexual fantasies and on the relationship of sex and race to types of sexual fantasies listed on an original Sexual Fantasy Questionnaire. Participants were 128 college students between the ages of 18 and 34 yr., including 28 black women, 45 white women, 25 black men, and 30 white men. Analysis of responses to the 34 sexual fantasies led to conclusions that blacks were more likely to utilize fantasy during intercourse. Whites were more prone to feel guilt for having sexual fantasies. Blacks were less satisfied with their sexual relations. Both black men and women had higher mean frequencies than white men and women for fantasies involving aggression, homosexual behavior, oral and anal sex, and sex with someone of a different race.

Abstract 045: Race-Sex Differences in Risk for Incident Acute Coronary Heart Disease in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika M Safford ◽  
Paul Muntner ◽  
Christopher Gamboa ◽  
Ronald Prineas ◽  
Todd Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
White Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Chd Risk Factors

National death certificate data suggest that racial disparities in acute coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality widened over the past decade for both men and women. To better understand this disparity, we examined black:white race-sex differences in overall, fatal and nonfatal acute CHD incidence in a large national biracial cohort. REGARDS is following 30,239 community-dwellers age ≥;45 years recruited between 2003-7 from 48 states. Recruitment was designed to balance race and sex; the final sample was 55% female and 41% black. Participants are telephoned every 6 months for CVD endpoints, with retrieval of medical records, death certificates, interviews with next-of-kin, and expert adjudication following national consensus recommendations. Acute CHD was defined as definite or probable myocardial infarction (MI) or acute CHD death. Among participants free of CHD at baseline, we examined black:white hazards for incident overall acute CHD, and, separately, fatal and nonfatal acute CHD for men and women through 2008, adjusting incrementally for sampling, sociodemographics and CHD risk factors. The study sample numbered 24,431 with mean age 64.1 (SD±9.3). Over a mean follow-up of 3.4 (maximum 5.9) years, 48.7% (55/113) of black men, 33.0% (38/115) of black women, 23.0% (46/200) of white men and 24.1% (21/87) of white women died at their presentation of acute CHD. Black:white hazard ratios for overall, fatal and nonfatal acute CHD from incrementally adjusted models stratified on sex are presented in the Table. Black men and women had over twice the age-adjusted hazard of incident fatal acute CHD compared to whites, not entirely explained by excess risk factor burden among blacks. Although socio-economic and CHD risk factors among blacks continue to be major contributors to fatal incident acute CHD, known risk factors did not fully explain the disparity between black and white men; causes of the elevated risk among black men need to be better understood if widening CHD mortality disparities are to be reversed.

scholarly journals Racial Differences in Malignant Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Incidence of Heart Failure

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
pp. 957-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana A. Lewis ◽  
Colby R. Ayers ◽  
Elizabeth Selvin ◽  
Ian Neeland ◽  
Christie M. Ballantyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
White Women ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
White Men ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Attributable Fraction ◽  
Men And Women

Background: A malignant subphenotype of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been described, in which minimal elevations in cardiac biomarkers identify individuals with LVH at high risk for developing heart failure (HF). We tested the hypothesis that a higher prevalence of malignant LVH among blacks may contribute to racial disparities in HF risk. Methods: Participants (n=15 710) without prevalent cardiovascular disease were pooled from 3 population-based cohort studies, the ARIC Study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities), the DHS (Dallas Heart Study), and the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). Participants were classified into 3 groups: those without ECG-LVH, those with ECG-LVH and normal biomarkers (hs-cTnT (high sensitivity cardiac troponin-T) <6 ng/L and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) <100 pg/mL), and those with ECG-LVH and abnormal levels of either biomarker (malignant LVH). The outcome was incident HF. Results: Over the 10-year follow-up period, HF occurred in 512 (3.3%) participants, with 5.2% in black men, 3.8% in white men, 3.2% in black women, and 2.2% in white women. The prevalence of malignant LVH was 3-fold higher among black men and women versus white men and women. Compared with participants without LVH, the adjusted hazard ratio for HF was 2.8 (95% CI, 2.1–3.5) in those with malignant LVH and 0.9 (95% CI, 0.6–1.5) in those with LVH and normal biomarkers, with similar findings in each race/sex subgroup. Mediation analyses indicated that 33% of excess hazard for HF among black men and 11% of the excess hazard among black women was explained by the higher prevalence of malignant LVH in blacks. Of black men who developed HF, 30.8% had malignant LVH at baseline, with a corresponding population attributable fraction of 0.21. The proportion of HF cases occurring among those with malignant LVH, and the corresponding population attributable fraction, were intermediate and similar among black women and white men and lowest among white women. Conclusions: A higher prevalence of malignant LVH may in part explain the higher risk of HF among blacks versus whites. Strategies to prevent development or attenuate risk associated with malignant LVH should be investigated as a strategy to lower HF risk and mitigate racial disparities.

Race Difference in Auditory Sensitivity

1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Shepherd ◽  
Robert Goldstein ◽  
Benjamin Rosenblüt
Keyword(s):  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Auditory Sensitivity ◽  
Race Difference ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Auditory Thresholds ◽  
Békésy Audiometry ◽  
Method Of Adjustment ◽  
Better Than

Two separate studies investigated race and sex differences in normal auditory sensitivity. Study I measured thresholds at 500, 1000, and 2000 cps of 23 white men, 26 white women, 21 negro men, and 24 negro women using the method of limits. In Study II thresholds of 10 white men, 10 white women, 10 negro men, and 10 negro women were measured at 1000 cps using four different stimulus conditions and the method of adjustment by means of Bekesy audiometry. Results indicated that the white men and women in Study I heard significantly better than their negro counterparts at 1000 and 2000 cps. There were no significant differences between the average thresholds measured at 1000 cps of the white and negro men in Study II. White women produced better auditory thresholds with three stimulus conditions and significantly more sensitive thresholds with the slow pulsed stimulus than did the negro women in Study II.

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