scholarly journals The impacts of benefit sanctions: a scoping review of the quantitative research evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Pattaro ◽  
Nick Bailey ◽  
Evan Williams ◽  
Marcia Gibson ◽  
Valerie Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Benefit Sanctions ◽  
Study Designs

In recent decades, the use of conditionality backed by benefit sanctions for those claiming unemployment and related benefits has become widespread in the social security systems of high-income countries. Critics argue that sanctions may be ineffective in bringing people back to employment or indeed harmful in a range of ways. Existing reviews largely assess the labour market impacts of sanctions but our understanding of the wider impacts is more limited. We report results from a scoping review of the international quantitative research evidence on both labour market and wider impacts of benefit sanctions. Following systematic search and screening, we extract data for 94 studies reporting on 253 outcome measures. We provide a narrative summary, paying attention to the ability of the studies to support causal inference. Despite variation in the evidence base and study designs, we found that labour market studies, covering two thirds of our sample, consistently reported positive impacts for employment but negative impacts for job quality and stability in the longer term, along with increased transitions to non-employment or economic inactivity. Although largely relying on non-experimental designs, wider-outcome studies reported significant associations with increased material hardship and health problems. There was also some evidence that sanctions were associated with increased child maltreatment and poorer child well-being.

Inclusion of Transgender Voice and Communication Training in a University Clinic

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Oates ◽  
Georgia Dacakis
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Communication Training ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
Negative Impacts

Because of the increasing number of transgender people requesting speech-language pathology services, because having gender-incongruent voice and communication has major negative impacts on an individual's social participation and well-being, and because voice and communication training is supported by an improving evidence-base, it is becoming more common for universities to include transgender-specific theoretical and clinical components in their speech-language pathology programs. This paper describes the theoretical and clinical education provided to speech-language pathology students at La Trobe University in Australia, with a particular focus on the voice and communication training program offered by the La Trobe Communication Clinic. Further research is required to determine the outcomes of the clinic's training program in terms of student confidence and competence as well as the effectiveness of training for transgender clients.

scholarly journals Mindfulness-based interventions for children and adolescents across all settings: a scoping review protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-France Perrier ◽  
Nalia Gurgel-Juarez ◽  
Heather Leslie Flowers ◽  
Anna McCormick ◽  
Sarah J. Short
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Mindfulness Interventions

Abstract Background and purpose Although mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are becoming increasingly popular, the application of MBIs with children and adolescents is still in its infancy. Mapping the existing literature is necessary to help guide pediatric mindfulness interventions. Our purpose is to synthesize the evidence of reported MBIs for children and adolescents with and without physical, mental, and cognitive disorders. Accordingly, we aim to identify trends and gaps in the literature, so that we can provide direction to researchers who seek to advance the evidence base for using MBIs in pediatric populations. Methods Our search strategy will be conducted following Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework. It will include a comprehensive search of published studies in 7 databases, gray literature, conference proceedings, and citations of selected articles. Two independent reviewers will evaluate all abstracts and full articles that have a pediatric sample (children 2–17 years), use MBIs to promote development or to remediate underlying disorders, and are written in English or French. We will identify the definitions and concepts from MBIs, categorize accepted studies according to etiology and rehabilitation type, describe intervention methodology, and report outcomes of selected studies. Discussion Our review will provide a comprehensive overview of the pediatric mindfulness intervention literature to date, involving a range of mental, cognitive, and physical outcomes for healthy children and adolescents and for those with a variety of disorders in clinical and institutional settings. We will disseminate results to mindfulness practitioners and provide guidance to future pediatric researchers in their development and application of mindfulness interventions, thereby contributing to the scientific understanding of mindfulness for the ultimate betterment of child and adolescent well-being and life-long functioning. Systematic review registration PROSPERO does not accept scoping review protocols.

scholarly journals A Capability Approach to Understand the Scarring Effects of Unemployment and Job Insecurity: Developing the Research Agenda

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 937-948
Author(s):  
Valerie Egdell ◽  
Vanessa Beck
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Capability Approach ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Employment Trajectories ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
Labour Market Transitions ◽  
Scarring Effects

Having a poor start in the labour market has a ‘scarring’ effect on future employment and well-being. Indeed, unemployment at any point of the life-course can scar. While there is extensive quantitative research examining scarring effects at the macro- and meso-levels, evidence regarding scarring from the micro-level that provides insights into individual perceptions, values, attitudes and capabilities, and how they shape employment trajectories is lacking. A qualitative approach which avoids the imposition of values and choices onto individuals’ employment trajectories, and accounts more fully for the contextual constraints which shape available options and choices, is argued for. In emphasising people’s substantive freedom of choice, which may be enabled or constrained by contextual conditions, the Capability Approach is proposed as providing a valuable lens to examine complex and insecure labour market transitions. Such an approach stands in contrast to the supply-side focused active labour market policies characteristic of neo-liberal welfare states.

scholarly journals What are the Impacts of Sugarcane Production on Ecosystem Services? A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel EL CHAMI ◽  
André DACCACHE ◽  
Maroun EL MOUJABBER
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Environmental Externalities ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Negative Impacts

Since the 1950s sugarcane production has grown rapidly from less than 0.5 billion tonnes in the late 50s to reach over 1.9 billion tonnes in 2012 on about 27 million hectares of agricultural land. This expansion has been boosted by the high demand for bioethanol promoted as a sustainable bioenergy source which accounted in 2010 for the biggest share of the global biofuel market. Despite its benefits, the scientific debate on sugar is growing especially that counterarguments are so many, including negative impacts on different interacting ecosystems and human well-being, e.g. bigger stress on land and water resources, environmental externalities on air, a harmful impact on the biodiversity and endemic species, negative environmental externalities, health, and socio-economic aspects. This paper provides a narrative systematic review (SR) of the impacts of sugarcane production on these different ecosystems employing the ecosystem services framework for its acceptance by policy-makers. The references included for the SR were 163 and results showed that the majority of the studies are from Brazil, Australia, South Africa and the USA (≈ 75% of the literature), most of them were from peer-reviewed journals (85%), and most of the case studies adopted a quantitative research approach (93%). The literature assessed showed that sugarcane, like all agro-systems, depends on the practices and techniques to transform negative impacts into positive externalities on ecosystems and human well-being. However, the literature studied failed to include the inter-linkage in sugarcane production impacts’ and therefore to evaluate the related ecosystem services with respect to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) framework to account for existing trade-offs. Therefore, the findings are addressed to the scientific community and decision-maker for an intensification of interdisciplinary and integrated research based on the MA framework to cover all ecosystem services, for sustainable development of the sugarcane sector.

A scoping review of home modification interventions – Mapping the evidence base

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillippa Carnemolla ◽  
Catherine Bridge
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Falls Prevention ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Home Modifications

As home-based health services emerge as a focal point of international discussions of primary healthcare, the home environment is now recognised as a place for safe and independent living, and also delivery of care. Consequently, research into how housing improvements can directly impact health and care outcomes is an increasingly important area of trans-disciplinary research. The links between health and housing are well established and indicate that housing interventions may be an important mechanism in health maintenance and improvement. Studies of home modifications have been published across a number of fields and the extent of their effects are diverse. We undertook a scoping review according to systematic PRISMA-P (Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols) guidelines to map the breadth and scale of the evidence base, identify themes and gaps in the evidence as well as grading home modifications research quality. Seventy-seven studies from 16 countries were included and revealed that home modifications evidence is measured in terms of a diverse range of effects. Seven key themes emerged including (in decreasing order); injury and falls prevention; improved function, self-care or independence; physical health and well-being; caregiving; economic effectiveness; ageing process; and social participation. The strongest experimental evidence has been conducted in relation to falls prevention.

scholarly journals Hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in old age through positive psychology studies: a scoping review

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Araujo ◽  
Oscar Ribeiro ◽  
Constança Paúl
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Study Designs

<p>The study of aging through the lens of Positive Psychology allows looking beyond the decline normally associated with advancing of age and to consider rewarding experiences and strategies to promote a meaningful aging. In order to gather evidence on the key conceptual and empirical advancements that illustrate the commitment of Positive Psychology with aging issues a scoping review was conducted. Papers having “Positive Psychology” AND “Aging” (or similar words to aging) on their title, abstract or key-words were screened across main databases and aging related terms were searched in well-known journals of positive psychology. This strategy yielded 48 articles, 33 original scientific papers and 15 reviews. Main themes, study designs and instruments are presented and the endpoints are discussed according to the hedonic or eudaimonic perspective of the studies. Future directions related with the importance of comprehensive constructs and method approaches in the study of advancing age are highlighted.</p>

scholarly journals Outcomes Associated with Providing Secure, Stable, and Permanent Housing for People Who Have Been Homeless: An International Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 088541222110129
Author(s):  
Phillippa Carnemolla ◽  
Vivienne Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Stable Housing ◽  
Homeless Men

As governments and service agencies across the world grapple with chronic rates of homelessness and housing instability, there is a growing need to understand the value that providing secure, stable housing brings to the lives of people who are homeless and the broader community. The complex nature of homelessness is revealed across a variety of academic fields including planning, pharmacology, urban affairs, housing policy, nutrition, psychiatry, sociology, public health, urban health, and criminology. We undertook a scoping review according to PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis) that mapped the breadth and scale of the evidence-base and identified themes and gaps. We identified 476 reports and after excluding duplicates and ones that did not relate to our criteria, were left with 100 studies from eight countries. Each of them identified benefits and/or changes that occurred when people experiencing homelessness or housing insecurity transitioned into a secure, stable home. Outcomes measured were distributed across a range of domains including physical and mental health, well-being, mortality rates, criminal justice interaction, service use, and cost-effectiveness. Findings varied by degree but overwhelmingly found improvements in all domains once people were permanently housed. Housing provided a foundation for people to envisage a better life and make plans for the future. As one woman who had fled a violent home was quoted as saying: “housing made everything else possible.” The research identified savings for taxpayers and the wider community once people left homelessness for the stability of a permanent home, even after factoring in the cost of housing and rental help. We found numerous gaps. For example, there was a prevalence of studies that focused on those who are visibly homeless, in particular chronically homeless men with mental illness and/or substance use issues. Much less research looked at women whose patterns of homelessness are more varied and even less at homelessness involving children and families. Women who had left domestic and family violence were investigated in a very small number of studies and sample sizes were small. Few reports undertook the complex task of quantifying and comparing cost savings. Other notable gaps were older women, older people more generally, refugees, recent migrants, veterans, Indigenous people and those with a disability.

scholarly journals Loneliness in pregnant and postpartum people and parents of children aged five years or younger: a scoping review protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Kent-Marvick ◽  
Sara Simonsen ◽  
Ryoko Pentecost ◽  
Mary M. McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
Study Designs

Abstract BackgroundThe experience of loneliness during pregnancy and in new parenthood has not been targeted and developed as a program of research, despite evidence indicating that the incidence of loneliness is highest in those aged 16 to 24, and that loneliness rises during transitional periods. The scarcity of parenthood-loneliness inquiries leaves a gap in our understanding of new parenthood and its effects on the health and well-being of parents and their children. Here, a scoping review protocol will be presented to address this gap. The objective of this study will be to summarize the current knowledge on loneliness experienced during pregnancy and by parents during the postpartum period through the first five years of the child’s life.MethodsA scoping review protocol was designed following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. We will include all types of literature in English, including all study designs, reviews, opinion articles, dissertations, reports, books, and grey literature. To be considered for inclusion, sources should focus on loneliness in pregnant persons, postpartum people, and parents of children five years or younger. We will search the following electronic databases (from inception onwards): MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Dissertations & Theses Global, Sociological Abstracts, Scopus, and Web of Science. Grey literature will be identified searching the British governmental website gov.uk, the Jo Cox Commission on Loneliness, the Campaign to End Loneliness, and the British Red Cross’s Action on Loneliness websites. Two reviewers, working independently of each other, will screen the titles and abstracts of the articles returned by the searches, then screen the selected full-text articles, and extract data. A third reviewer will cast the deciding vote in case no consensus is reached. Results will be given in narrative form, mapped, and illustrated.DiscussionThis scoping review will capture the state of the current literature on loneliness in pregnancy and new parenthood. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. We anticipate that the study will identify gaps and make recommendations for future areas of study and related interventions. The protocol is available on Open Science Framework at DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/BFVPZ.

scholarly journals Pak Mun Dam’s long term impact on local residents’ livelihood

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-402
Author(s):  
Pattaraphongpan Chaiyamart ◽  
William Gartner ◽  
Stephan Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Developmental Progress ◽  
The Social ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Long Term Impact

Multidimensional well-being is an important method for understanding the social functioning of communities affected by the Pak Mun Dam, 26 years after its construction. This is the first quantitative research on the well-being of these communities. In six of eight well-being dimensions, the more distant communities are faring better than those in close proximity to the dam. Furthermore, 24 of 40 items that represent each dimension have statistically significant lower means in the affected community. This result shows the long-lasting nature of negative effects on communities and without appropriate policy action, negative impacts will linger preventing developmental progress from occurring.

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