‘GENDER INEQUALITY IN KENYA’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Workplace Culture ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Kenyan Women ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Rich Countries

ABSTRACTThis research project offers an analysis of gender inequality in Kenya. Despite many years of academic analysis and practical feminist activity, the progress towards achieving gender equity is painfully slow especially in Kenya. Given the scope and the speed of this change, it is essential to keep the change patterns of gender relations under continuous scrutiny to monitor the extent to which progress is being made towards women emancipation and their integration in development in Kenya. The subject matter of this research is prompted by the assumption that gender inequalities make Kenyan women to become victims and have no or little role in development due to their victimization. The general objective of this research is to analyze the key areas of gender inequality in Kenya; these areas include; the health and Education sector, Economy and workplace, Culture and religion. To this end, the specific aims of this research are to analyze the effects that gender inequality has on Kenya’s development and whether the integration of women will contribute to the development process, And if equity in Kenya can be achieved through resocialization and cultural reorientation.'Statistics alone cannot make policy. Some rich countries have no poor people but have high levels of inequality while some poor countries have low levels of inequality.'-Dr Edward Sambili

Culture and context matter: gender in international business and management

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Eden ◽  
Susan Forquer Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
International Business ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Very High

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to argue that culture and context (policy and environment) are key factors affecting gender inequalities within and across countries. Design/methodology/approach This paper applies conceptual and descriptive statistics. Findings The authors found evidence of increasing gender equality in the workplace, but only for rich countries. Gender inequalities persist in the poorest countries, and the gap between rich and poor countries appears to be widening not narrowing. Research limitations/implications This paper demonstrates the need for a comprehensive research program on gender and international business. Practical implications The authors provided useful statistics that could possibly be picked up by newspapers. The paper also highlights the need for a more sustained research program on gender and development. Social implications This paper demonstrates that the public perception of increasing gender equality applies only in very high development (rich) countries. In fact, gender inequality rises as economic development levels decline across countries, and the gap between very high and low countries has widened over the past 15 years. Originality/value The empirical findings with respect to gender inequality across United Nations Development Program country categories over time are, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, novel and original. Relating the gender inequality gap to culture and context highlights the roles that social issues and the environment play in affecting gender inequality across countries and across time.

scholarly journals Global economy and its sustainability in the globalized world

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
Jorma Jaakko Imppola
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Global Sustainability ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Globalized World

Globalized economy has changed the whole world both in good and in bad. The changes in economy have significant impact on the everyday life, which affect practically everyone. Because the economy, monetary systems and financial markets form the operational platform of the globalized world, it is necessary to understand their role. As the economy is one of the three main pillars of the sustainability, it is impossible to develop the global sustainability without stabile and sustainable economy. The inequality of the distribution of wealth and prosperity is the most critical factor of economic sustainability and the ever-increasing accumulation of wealth and money is one of the most crucial factors jeopardising the global sustainability. People and nations struggling economically are usually having the biggest challenges with both social and environmental sustainability. Wealth works dually: it enables rich people and nations to increase their consumption footprint and they hinder poor people and nations to make consumer decisions and investments needed to improve sustainability. The rich countries have outsourced their unsustainable industrial activities to poor countries having undeveloped legislation and maximized their profits by utilising these socially and ecologically unsustainable labour and production practises, which most are illegal in the rich countries.

scholarly journals Gender inequalities in excess adiposity and anaemia combine in a large double burden of malnutrition gap detrimental to women in an urban area in North Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1428-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Traissac ◽  
Jalila El Ati ◽  
Agnès Gartner ◽  
Houda Ben Gharbia ◽  
Francis Delpeuch
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Excess Adiposity ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition

AbstractObjectiveThe nutrition transition has exacerbated the gender gap in health in the Middle East and North Africa region as the increase in excess adiposity has been much higher among women than men. This is not exclusive of the persistence of anaemia, generally also more prevalent among women. We assessed the magnitude and sociodemographic factors associated with gender inequality vis-à-vis the double burden of excess adiposity and anaemia.DesignCross-sectional study, stratified two-stage cluster sample. BMI (=weight/height2) ≥25·0 kg/m2 defined overweight and BMI≥30·0 kg/m2 obesity. Anaemia was defined as Hb <120 g/l for women, <130 g/l for men. Gender inequalities vis-à-vis the within-subject coexistence of excess adiposity and anaemia were assessed by women v. men relative prevalence ratios (RPR). Their variation with sociodemographic characteristics used models including gender × covariate interactions.SettingGreater Tunis area in 2009–2010.SubjectsAdults aged 20–49 years (women, n 1689; men, n 930).ResultsGender inequalities in excess adiposity were high (e.g. overweight: women 64·9 % v. men 48·4 %; RPR=2·1; 95 % CI 1·6, 2·7) and much higher for anaemia (women 38·0 % v. men 7·2 %; RPR=8·2; 95 % CI 5·5, 12·4). They were striking for overweight and anaemia (women 24·1 % v. men 3·4 %; RPR=16·2; 95 % CI 10·3, 25·4). Gender inequalities in overweight adjusted for covariates increased with age but decreased with professional activity and household wealth score; gender inequality in anaemia or overweight and anaemia was more uniformly distributed.ConclusionsWomen were much more at risk than men, from both over- and undernutrition perspectives. Both the underlying gender-related and sex-linked biological determinants of this remarkable double burden of malnutrition inequality must be addressed to promote gender equity in health.

Beyond the Chilly Climate

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana M. Britton
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Women Faculty ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Women Academics ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Theoretical Synthesis ◽  
Chilly Climate ◽  
The Face

The prevailing metaphor for understanding the persistence of gender inequalities in universities is the “chilly climate.” Women faculty sometimes resist descriptions of their workplaces as “chilly” and deny that gender matters even in the face of considerable evidence to the contrary. I draw on interviews with women academics (N=102) to explore this apparent paradox, and I offer a theoretical synthesis that may help explain it. I build on insights from Ridgeway and Acker to demonstrate that women do experience gender at work, but the contexts in which they experience it have implications for how they understand gender’s importance and whether to respond. Specifically, I find that women are likely to minimize or deny gender’s importance in interactions. When it becomes salient in structures and cultures, women understand it differently. Placing gender in organizational contexts can better inform our understanding of gender inequality at work and can help in crafting more effective efforts to foster gender equity.

The Poverty of Nations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Spicker
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Relational Issue

Conventionally, poverty is often represented as a lack of resources, but it is much more than that. A considerable amount of work has been done in recent years to establish a view of poverty as a complex, multi-dimensional set of experiences. The poverty of nations goes further still. The nature of poverty is constituted by social relationships - relationships such as low status, social exclusion, insecurity and lack of rights. The relational elements of poverty tell us what poverty really means – what poverty consists of, what poor people are experiencing, and what kind of problems there are to be addressed. The more emphasis that we put on such relationships as elements of poverty, the more difficult it becomes to suppose either that poverty is primarily a matter of resources, or that poverty in rich countries means something fundamentally different from poverty in poor countries. The book considers how poverty manifests itself in rich and poor countries, and how those countries can respond to poverty as a relational issue.

scholarly journals Gender Inequality in Mental Health: A Review from the South Asian Context

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-206
Author(s):  
Reshman Tabassum
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Asian Context ◽  
Gender Based

Gender equity refers to the fairness and justice in the allocation of benefits and responsibilities between women and men, while gender-based inequity may emanate from a psychosocial, epidemiological; or perhaps a global perspective. The concepts of gender equity are merely elusive; nevertheless, increasingly have been used inappropriately. Gender inequities in mental health, pervasive in South Asian societies, indicates biases in power, resources, entitlements, and the way organizations are arranged and programs are designed to adversely affect the lives of millions of women. Four major areas highlighted in this study are: Prevalence of gender inequality in mental health; role of gender in South Asia; unraveling gender and mental health paradox in South Asia; and effective strategies to minimize gender inequality. Eliminating gender inequalities requires not only acknowledging the necessity of basic medical services to women, but scrutinizing mental health through a gender lens and taking measures for expanding women’s accessibility, affordability and suitability to mental health facilities in South Asian countries.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(2) 2017 p.203-206

scholarly journals PENCITRAAN PEREMPUAN PASCA PERCERAIAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF GENDER

EGALITA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ali Imron
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Priority Group ◽  
Development Context ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Public Views

Realities of gender inequality often happened in our society life. These are not thought as a problem because of unawareness and insensitivity of it. One of them is stereotype or negative stigma to widow’s status. This is formed by social and cultural construction. Public views of widow’s image can be analyzed through social and culture as well as concept of gender perspective. Actually most of divorce cases, woman (wife) has more negative impact than a man side. Widow is also identical as second social status. In other gender inequalities, stereotype of widow and widower can be also analyzed if women have function as leader of a family. In fact, they are never categorized as a priority group in development context; the subject as a leader of family is measured by masculinity. It proves that domination of patriarchy culture still influence in many sectors.

Blinded by Love

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristen Dalessandro ◽  
Amy C. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
People Today

While young people today expect gender equity in relationships, inequality persists. In this article, we use interviews with 25 young adults (ages 22 to 32) to investigate the link between gender meanings, age meanings, and continued inequality in relationships. Middle-class young adults tell relationship stories in a gender and age context that both reflect and perpetuate ideas about adult masculinity and femininity. While women often tell stories of poor treatment in relationships, they are able to reclaim agency over their experiences and believe that they can solve their relationship problems by understanding their experiences as part of the normative path to adult womanhood. In contrast, men are able to explain their bad relationship behavior by attributing that behavior to youth and immaturity. By telling these stories, both women and men imagine that growing up will fix gender inequalities, obfuscating the persistence of gender inequalities in later adulthood. This work sheds light on the way narratives of age contribute to the persistence of gender inequality in romantic relationships.

Health and healthcare

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Abel Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Healthcare Spending ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Health Production Function ◽  
Important Message ◽  
Rich Countries

Chapter 1 provides a contextual frame for the book. An inquiry into the key concepts of health and healthcare is followed by an illustration of the general health production function, that is, the association between increasing healthcare inputs and resulting health outcomes. The important message is the pattern of positive but diminishing effects of healthcare on health: more healthcare improves health, but at a diminishing rate. The production function is also illustrated at the macro level: when considering the poor countries of the world, a strong association is observed between increased healthcare spending and the country’s life expectancy. However, among rich countries we observe a strongly diminishing effect of increased healthcare spending. Some further international comparisons are included to show that the richer a country gets, the higher the proportion of wealth it spends on healthcare.

scholarly journals Gender Affirmative Action and Management: A Systematic Literature Review on How Diversity and Inclusion Management Affect Gender Equity in Organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Julia V. Furtado ◽  
António C. Moreira ◽  
Jorge Mota
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Equal Employment Opportunity ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Prior Experiences

Gender affirmative action (AA) in management remains a controversial topic among scholars, practitioners, and employees. While some individuals may support the use of AA policies as a means of increasing representation of women, others are not supportive at all, further understanding gender AA as an unacceptable violation of merit—even when targeted by it. With the aim of analyzing how scholars have approached the subject, we systematically reviewed 76 published articles (SCOPUS database), covering the extant literature on gender AA and management. Findings indicate a consensus regarding the common antecedents of attitudes towards gender AA with prior experiences with AA and diversity management (DM) (as well as general perceptions of AA). Performance and satisfaction appear as the predominant outcomes. In addition, while investigating the differences among AA, equal employment opportunity (EEO) and diversity management (DM), scholars are mainly focused on the effectiveness of AA as a means of increasing the inclusion of minorities in general. We conclude that despite marginal studies on employees’ attitudes toward gender AA, there is a gap in the literature, particularly an absence of research on the bivalent position of meritocracy (or merit violation) as both an antecedent and outcome of attitudes towards AA, which deserves further scrutiny.

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