Gender differences in athletes’ attitudes and familiarity with drugs and unauthorized training methods

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between age and athletes' attitude to doping. A 40- question researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a survey of professors related to the research subject and its reliability was reported to be 0.79 using Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population of the study consisted of all athletes in Kermanshah province that to the large number of samples, cluster random sampling method was used. Finally, 700 questionnaires were returned, out of which 431 were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, percentage, tables, graphs, etc.) for analysis of data as well as inferential statistics (one-sample t-test, independent t-test and analysis of variance) and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data distribution. The results showed that there is a difference between the new generation of athletes and the older generation in terms of doping. Therefore, the athlete should consult with experienced people (those who use these substances) and a physician, and be aware of the side effects of these supplements by attending training and science classes. Avoid using them whenever possible.

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Investigation of The Nutritional Approaches of Student Athletes During The Covid-19 Epidemic

10.53350/pjmhs211571940 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 1940-1944

Author(s):

Sevcan Altun ◽

Aykut Aksu ◽

Osman Imamoglu ◽

Murat Erdogdu ◽

Kursat Karacabey

Keyword(s):

Student Athletes ◽

Eating Habits ◽

T Test ◽

Outbreak Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Package Program ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

The Subject ◽

The University ◽

Smirnov Test

The aim of this study is to investigate the nutritional approaches of student athletes studying at the university during the coronavirus outbreak period. Participants consisted of students studying and doing sports at the University. 446 students, 246 males and 200 females, participated in the study. Besides the personal form, students were filled the questionnaire testing questionnaire. Students voluntarily participated. The surveys were done on social media. Nutritional habits questionnaire consists of 12 questions. In the preparation of the survey questions, the questions proved validity of the researches which have been done on the subject before have been used. SPSS 23.00 package program was used in statistical analyses. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed to test whether the data was normally distributed and it was determined that the data showed normal distribution. Independent t-test, paired t-test, unidirectional variance analysis and LSD tests were used in statistical operations. There was no significant difference in students' nutrition approaches by gender, both in the pre-outbreak period and in the outbreak period points (p> 0.05). Nutrition scores were significantly increased during the outbreak period (p <0.001). A significant difference was found between the students who felt bad before the epidemic and those who felt well before the epidemic and their nutritional scores according to the levels they felt (p <0.05). A significant difference was found between the pre-outbreak period and post-epidemic nutrition scores of the sports faculty students (p <0.05). During the coronavirus epidemic, university student athletes have either increased their nutritional opportunities or have changed their eating habits positively to keep their immune systems strong or both. The fact that sports faculty students have better nutrition compared to other faculty students can be attributed to their taking courses in nutrition, health and similar. It is recommended to give lectures or seminars on nutrition to athlete students. Keywords: Student, Nutrition, Sports Nutrition, Nutritional Approach, Covid-19

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Comparison of Creativity and Self-Esteem in Students with Employed and Household Mothers

International Education Studies ◽

10.5539/ies.v10n2p63 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Maryam Safara ◽

Zeinab Blori Alkaran ◽

Mojtaba Salmabadi ◽

Najmieh Rostami

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Self Esteem ◽

T Test ◽

Quality Of Education ◽

Statistical Population ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The University

Objective: The present study was carried out to compare creativity and self-esteem in the university students with employed and household mothers in academic years 2014-2015. Method: This research is a descriptive one which is of comparative-casual type. The statistical population includes all undergraduate students of Azad universities of Roudhen, Shahr-e Ray Central Tehran and national universities of Al-Zahra, Shahid Beheshti and Vali-e Asr that among them 240 students (120 males and 120 females) were selected by random and available sampling method. To collect the data, Arjmand’s (2003) questionnaire of creativity and Copper-Smith’s (1967) self-esteem questionnaire were used. To test the hypotheses, independent t-test was used. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between self-esteem in students with employed and household mothers. Also, a significant difference was not observed between the rate of creativity in students with employed and household mothers. Conclusion: The results of the present research can be used to provide proper strategies for mothers, instructors, and those who are relevant with educational affairs to enhance the quality of education, to nurture and flourish creativity and self-esteem in individuals.

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Investigation of The Nutritional Approaches of Student Athletes During The Covid-19 Epidemic

10.53350/pjmhs211562031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 2031-2034

Author(s):

Sevcan Altun ◽

Aykut Aksu ◽

Osman Imamoglu ◽

Murat Erdogdu ◽

Kursat Karacabey

Keyword(s):

Student Athletes ◽

Eating Habits ◽

T Test ◽

Outbreak Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Package Program ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

The Subject ◽

The University ◽

Smirnov Test

The aim of this study is to investigate the nutritional approaches of student athletes studying at the university during the coronavirus outbreak period. Participants consisted of students studying and doing sports at the University. 446 students, 246 males and 200 females, participated in the study. Besides the personal form, students were filled the questionnaire testing questionnaire. Students voluntarily participated. The surveys were done on social media. Nutritional habits questionnaire consists of 12 questions. In the preparation of the survey questions, the questions proved validity of the researches which have been done on the subject before have been used. SPSS 23.00 package program was used in statistical analyses. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed to test whether the data was normally distributed and it was determined that the data showed normal distribution. Independent t-test, paired t-test, unidirectional variance analysis and LSD tests were used in statistical operations. There was no significant difference in students' nutrition approaches by gender, both in the pre-outbreak period and in the outbreak period points (p> 0.05). Nutrition scores were significantly increased during the outbreak period (p <0.001). A significant difference was found between the students who felt bad before the epidemic and those who felt well before the epidemic and their nutritional scores according to the levels they felt (p <0.05). A significant difference was found between the pre-outbreak period and post-epidemic nutrition scores of the sports faculty students (p <0.05). During the coronavirus epidemic, university student athletes have either increased their nutritional opportunities or have changed their eating habits positively to keep their immune systems strong or both. The fact that sports faculty students have better nutrition compared to other faculty students can be attributed to their taking courses in nutrition, health and similar. It is recommended to give lectures or seminars on nutrition to athlete students. Keywords: Student, Nutrition, Sports Nutrition, Nutritional Approach, Covid-19

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Studying the components status of the competitive advantage variable in the importer companies of the network products (HP Company) and its relation with demographic variables

Environment Conservation Journal ◽

10.36953/ecj.2015.se1608 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (SE) ◽

pp. 79-87

Author(s):

Helena Yousef

Keyword(s):

Competitive Advantage ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

T Test ◽

Survey Method ◽

Population Census ◽

Statistical Population ◽

The Face ◽

Spss Software ◽

Descriptive Survey ◽

Acceptable Reliability

The purpose of this article is to study the components status of the competitive advantage variable in the importer companies of the network products (HP Company) and its relation with demographic variables. Current research in terms of purpose is applicable and it was done with descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of this research includes all customers of HP network products in AfzarPardazBatis Company in Tehran and they are 120 persons. Due to the limited number of the statistical population, census method was used in order to determine the sample size. In order to collect the data, standard questionnaire of Hill & Jones (2010) was used. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by using of some professors,opinions. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was obtained higher than 0.7 which indicates the internal coordination of the items and acceptable reliability of the questionnaire. In order to study the research hypotheses, single sample t-test, independent t-test and ANOVA with application of spss software were used. According to the results, the amount of t-statistic was more than critical amount of 1.96; and it was in the critical area of the test and in other words, the average difference from figure 3 was meaningful. Therefore the assessment averageof the components status of competitive advantage variable was higher than the assumed average (3) and this indicates that accountability to the customers, services quality, innovation in presenting the services and superior efficiency as the competitive advantage components from the perspective of the intended customers had proper status. The other results of the research indicated that women, men and customers with different education and ages assess the competitive advantage of the company equally, but according to the results obtained, whatever the customers purchase record from this company is more, their perspective will be improved about the importer company of HP products and their assessment of competitive advantage will be higher.

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HASIL KETERAMPILAN LOMPAT JANGKIT (Studi Eksperimen Menggunakan Latihan Plyometrik)

Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga ◽

10.31571/jpo.v8i1.1233 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Akhmad Sobarna ◽

Sumbara Hambali ◽

Rony Mohamad Rizal ◽

Lingga Sevtiadzi

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Performance Test ◽

T Test ◽

Paired Sample ◽

Post Test ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

Cluster Random Sampling ◽

Smirnov Test

Penelitian ini menggunakan studi eksperimen dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan plyometrik lompat dua terhadap keterampilan lompat jangkit. Populasi penelitian yaitu mahasiswa STKIP Pasundan Cimahi tingkat I yang berjumlah 196 orang. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 60 orang yang diperoleh dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan tes keteramplan (performance test) yaitu tes lompat jauh. Selanjunya dana penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis statistik dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 16. Sebelum dinalisis, dilakukan uji persyaratan analisis yaitu uji normalitas menggunakan one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test dan uji homogenitas menggunakan Levene’s test. Hasil uji persyaratan analisis menunjukkan bahwa data pre test dan post test berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dan pengujian hipotesis uji paired sample t test diperoleh simpulan bahwa terdapat pengaruh latihan plyometrik lompat dua terhadap keterampilan lompat jauh pada mahasiswa STKIP Pasundan Cimahi.

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Özel Sektörde Çalışan Bireylerin Marka Sadakati Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

International Journal of Social Sciences ◽

10.52096/usbd.5.23.5.19 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (23) ◽

pp. 354-365

Author(s):

Çağrı İlk

Keyword(s):

Private Sector ◽

Normal Distribution ◽

Brand Loyalty ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Personal Information ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Research Findings ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

One Way Anova ◽

Smirnov Test

Examination of Brand Loyalty Levels of Individuals Working in the Private Sector Abstract The aim of this study is to examine the brand loyalty levels of individuals working in the private sector. For this purpose, the sample group of the study consists of a total of 291 participants, 223 women and 68 men, selected using the convenient sampling method. In the study, the "Brand Loyalty Scale", developed by Tekin (2020) and validated and reliable, was used as a data collection tool. In order to determine the distribution of personal information of the participants in the analysis of the data, Kolmogorov Smirnov test was applied to determine whether the data showed a normal distribution, as well as the percentage and frequency descriptive statistical methods. It was determined that the data showed a normal distribution, and Parametric tests Independent sample t-test and One-way Anova tests were applied. According to the research findings, a significant difference was found between the sub-dimensions of the brand loyalty scale according to the variables of gender, marital status, fan club and following the matches. As a result, the level of brand loyalty varies according to the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. Keywords: Brand, brand loyalty, private sector.

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Comparison of the Effect of Stretching Exercises and Combination of Massage - Stretching Exercises on Primary Dysmenorrhea of Female Students of Razi University of Kermanshah

Journal of Clinical Research in Paramedical Sciences ◽

10.5812/jcrps.102312 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Akram Ahmadi Barati ◽

Leila Farhadi ◽

Mozhgan Khalily

Keyword(s):

Exercise Program ◽

Female Students ◽

Primary Dysmenorrhea ◽

Noninvasive Methods ◽

Statistical Population ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

One Way Anova ◽

Stretching Exercises ◽

Smirnov Test

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is chronic pain during menstruation without the presence of a pelvic pathologic complication. Objectives: The aim this research was comparison of the effect of stretching exercises and combination of massage - stretching exercises on primary dysmenorrhea of female students of Razi University of Kermanshah. Methods: This semi-experimental study was statistical population all female students of Razi University of Kermanshah. 90 students were selected through purposive and convenient sampling method. After obtaining consent and justification of the subjects from the research stages, they were randomly divided into three groups of 30 to practice the protocol. The research instrument consisted of two primary dysmenorrhea and McGill pain questionnaires as well as stretching exercise and massage protocol. The validity of the questionnaires was obtained formally using Cronbach's test. Exercise program for groups was performed in 8 sessions for 3 weeks. Data were analyzed by dependent t-test, one-way ANOVA and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, to check the normality of the data distribution. Results: The results showed that there were significant differences between the three methods of exercise (stretching, massage and massage- stretching movements) on pain severity (P = 0.938), duration of pain (P = 0.095) and the nature of pain (P = 0.664) There was no significant difference. Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, massage and stretching exercise and massage-stretching combinations are almost as effective and effective as noninvasive methods in reducing the symptoms of sensory pain caused by primary dysmenorrhea. Assistance to girls with dysmenorrhea Selection and application of one of these methods will depend on the individual's abilities and circumstances.

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ANALISIS PERGERAKAN SAHAM PERUSAHAAN SUB SEKTOR FARMASI MENGGUNAKAN INDIKATOR BOLLINGER BAND DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19

Jurnal Perspektif Bisnis ◽

10.23960/jpb.v3i2.30 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 77-88

Author(s):

Intan Elita ◽

K. Bagus Wardianto ◽

M. Iqbal Harori

Keyword(s):

Stock Prices ◽

Stock Price ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Sample Selection ◽

T Test ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Selection Technique ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Significant Difference

This study aims to measure the accuracy of technical analysis using the Bollinger Band indicator in predicting stock prices in the middle of pandemic covid-19. The concept in this study is to compare daily stock price predictions according to technical indicators with the closing prices that occured on that day. Sample selection technique used in this research used a purposive sampling method and obtained 9 pharmaceutical sub-sector companies listed on the IDX from February to April 2020. The type of data used is a chart of the company's daily stock price movements obtained from finance.yahoo.com. The data analysis technique used was the paired sample t-test and used the SPSS 26 analysis tool. The results of this study indicate that the Bollinger indicator does not have a significant difference. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur keakuratan analisis teknikal dengan indikator Bollinger Band dalam memprediksi harga saham pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Konsep pada penelitian ini adalah membandingkan prediksi harga saham harian menurut indikator teknikal dengan harga penutupan yang terjadi pada hari tersebut. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan diperoleh sebanyak 9 perusahaan sub sektor farmasi yang terdaftar di BEI selama Februari hingga April 2020. Jenis data yang digunakan yaitu berupa grafik pergerakan harga saham harian perusahaan yang diperoleh dari finance.yahoo.com. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji independent sample t-test dan menggunakan alat analisis program SPSS 26. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa indikator Bollinger tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan.

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A comparison between orthodontic model analysis using conventional methods and iModelAnalysis

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i4.p173-178 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 173

Author(s):

Vita Previa Indirayana ◽

Gita Gayatri ◽

N. R. Yuliawati Zenab

Keyword(s):

Sampling Method ◽

Model Analysis ◽

T Test ◽

Normality Test ◽

Time Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Conventional Methods ◽

Paired T Test ◽

Dental Casts

Background: Model analysis constitutes an essential aspect of orthodontic diagnostic practice. Pavan has developed an application to simplify the mathematical calculations employed in orthodontic model analysis. Purpose: This study was conducted to obtain the differences in results and time periods of model analysis using conventional means and iModelAnalysis. Methods: The research represented a comparative analytic study. The populations comprised dental casts dating from 2014 in the Orthodontics Laboratory of Padjadjaran University. The samples comprised 31 dental casts which were subjected to a total sampling method consisting of two treatments; a conventional method calculation and one using iModelAnalysis. A normality test was conducted and processed using a paired t-test with α=0.05. Results: The means of arch length discrepancies were 1.64±2.63 mm and 1.37±3.07 mm for the conventional methods and 1.65±2.43mm and 1.42±3.04mm for iModelAnalysis. The results of a Bolton analysis for conventional methods were 78.05±2.69% and 91.93±1.29%, while those for iModelAnalysis were 77.91±2.70% and 91.96±2.13%. A Howes analysis of conventional methods produced a result of 45.56±2.83%, while for an iModelAnalysis one of 45.56±2.85%. Pont analysis for conventional methods was 39.35±0.04 mm and 49.17±2.55 mm, while for iModelAnalysis it was 39.35±0.07 mm and 49.19±2.57mm. The mean of the duration of analysis using conventional methods was 1703.81±56.46 seconds, while for iModelAnalysis it was 990.06±34.87 seconds. A normality test confirmed that the data was normally distributed (p>0.05). The results of a paired sample t-test with p>0.05 showed that there was no significant difference between the results of each analysis, while there was significant difference in the time period of analysis. Conclusion: There was no difference in the analysis results. However, there was difference in the time period of analysis between conventional methods and that of iModelAnalysis.

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