Effects of Motivation to The Performance of Manager-Focused Employees in Public and Private Sector Enterprises and a Research

In the enterprises, the fact that the employees are motivated well depends on their managers and the employees’ performance. Employees’ performance is supported through theories but the targets can be achieved by action. In managing the enterprises which continue their existence for attaining certain aims, it is quite important for them to be motivated in achieving success and efficiency. Motivation is a necessity. Its existence makes the enterprise reach its targets. Its absence vanquishes the enterprise from the market. The aim of using motivation factors is to make the employees be successful in all activity areas. In our study, it was elaborated on the motivation and performance differences of public and private sector enterprises, and it was seen that the motivation variables employed by the managers in different sectors display different performances by the managers in different sectors. Because of that this concept which has gained importance today in all areas and sectors involves economic and organizational factors which differ as to the enterprises ad play a role in the development of enterprises, these factors were elaborated in our research. In the name of examining the motivation and its factors, it was conducted a comparative practice based on the public and private sectors, and when the statistical results based on the data is considered, it was concluded that there is a significant difference. Motivation variables in the public sector have differences from the private sector in terms of practice and perception. When an examination is applied by including authority and laws and regulations, the mandatory practices harden the application of motivation factors and even make them impossible. It was concluded from this difference that motivation factors emerge a bit more in the public sector, but it was faced with problems in using them on behalf of the employee in practice. In our research, the survey method was used, and our study was analyzed in Statistics Program SPSS 17.0 medium. It was conducted the evaluation of the tables, and it was brought forward conclusions and recommendations. Keywords: Motivation, Motive, Need, behavior, Public, Private Sector

Fransız Milletlerarası Tahkim Kanunu’nun İncelenmesi

International arbitration notion contains to be commercial and to be international together, different from national arbitration notion. To be international criterion is to the fullest extent arranged in old French CPC art. 1492, which contains also French Arbitration Code. According to this article which is protected by 13 January 2011 reform; arbitration which is about international commercial benefit is an international arbitration. In 1992 French Arbitration Commitee prepared a report with the name of “Perspectives for İmprovement of French Arbitration Law”. The amendements of the directive of 13 January 2011 is neither a revolution nor an easy make up but it is a real reform which can be known as by the words clarity, definiteness, flexibility, freedom of choice, effectuality and speediness. The reform of 2011 did not changed the liberal structure of the French international arbitration law which is stand by freedom of contract and limited only by public policy. Keywords: France, International Arbitration, Freedom of Choice, Public Policy, Liberal

Özel Sektörde Çalışan Bireylerin Marka Sadakati Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Examination of Brand Loyalty Levels of Individuals Working in the Private Sector Abstract The aim of this study is to examine the brand loyalty levels of individuals working in the private sector. For this purpose, the sample group of the study consists of a total of 291 participants, 223 women and 68 men, selected using the convenient sampling method. In the study, the "Brand Loyalty Scale", developed by Tekin (2020) and validated and reliable, was used as a data collection tool. In order to determine the distribution of personal information of the participants in the analysis of the data, Kolmogorov Smirnov test was applied to determine whether the data showed a normal distribution, as well as the percentage and frequency descriptive statistical methods. It was determined that the data showed a normal distribution, and Parametric tests Independent sample t-test and One-way Anova tests were applied. According to the research findings, a significant difference was found between the sub-dimensions of the brand loyalty scale according to the variables of gender, marital status, fan club and following the matches. As a result, the level of brand loyalty varies according to the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. Keywords: Brand, brand loyalty, private sector.

Covid 19 Phobia from Turkey Perspective

The social, political, economic and psychological effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, which first appeared in China and affected the whole world, suddenly affected our lives. The Covid 19 pandemic affected individuals psychologically as well as physically. Along with loneliness, which occurs along with social isolation, many problems such as anxiety, fear and phobia have often become noticeable. Accordingly, it is important to study and uncover the consequences caused by the pandemic. In light of these findings, the main aim of the study was to investigate the phobia developed against covid-19 in terms of various variables. The study's working group consists of adult individuals in the 18-65 age range. As a data collection tool, the ‘Covid-19 phobia scale’ was used to measure the phobia that participants may have developed against Covid-19 with the personal information form. The scale consists of 4 sub-dimensions. These are psychological phobia, somatic phobia, social phobia, and economic phobia. The height of the total score taken from these lower dimensions and the entire scale indicates the height of the phobia developed against covid-19. As a result of the research, the hypotheses of the study were confirmed. In this context, it was revealed in the analysis results that the phobia developed against corona virus 19 differed significantly depending on gender, age, educational level and occupational status. According to the results obtained, some recommendations were presented to the researchers for the studies to be carried out after that. Key Words: Corona Virus, Virus, Covid 19, Epidemic, Phobia.

Nâlî’nin Kürtçe Divanında Türkçe Unsurlar

Kurdish is a widely spoken language in many countries. It has been influenced by Persian and Arabic a lot through the history. Kurdish has been enclosed and interacted with Turkish right after Ottoman invasion in Iraq. There is no study about Turkish influence on Kurdish so far according to our scanning so that this study will be the first one ever. We have scanned, the Divan of Nali, a book by Nali who wrote poems in Sorani Kurdish in 19th century. In his Divan, there were 40 words in total: 33 Turkish words, 3 words carried into Kurdish by Turkish, and 4 words that have Turkish prefixes or suffixes. The outcomes have been categorized by phonetic, thematic, semantic, and etymologic respectively. After the evaluations, we have found out that there is a significant Turkish influence in Nali`s Divan. We have used a combined method in this study. Keywords: Nali, Nali`s Divan, Classical Ottoman Poetry, Kurdish Divan, Turkish Loanwords in Kurdish

Seçimlerin Ekonomik Etkileri: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Uygulama

This study aims to explore the effects of election periods on the economy from the perspective of the “public choice theory”. We selected our variables from among those focused by the research that examine elections from the standpoint of political business cycles; i.e., exports, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Wholesale Price Index(TEFE), the number of unemployed, and non-performing loans. Then, we constructed simultaneous models in which these variables were explored as endogenous variables. We used dummy variables for general and local elections in these models and identified 2002:04-2020:04 as our study period. We estimated the coefficients for the econometric models we constructed by using the Engle-Granger and Dynamic Least Squares methods. Our analysis results demonstrate that manipulative decisions and arrangements made before elections do not always create business cycles. Expenditures during election periods impose a permanent burden on the system and the economic arrangements during election periods may not result in political business cycles. Moreover, it is harder for the government in power to manipulate policy objectives than to manipulate policy instruments. Because policy instruments such as public expenditure and money supply are largely controlled by the government in power, while government intervention in indicators such as Gross National Product, exports, inflation, and unemployment is relatively limited. Keywords: Engle-Granger Method, Dynamic Least Squares method, Political Business Cycles. Jel Code: E32, C01, G18

Rus Devrimi’nde Gogol

Gogol is the most mysterious of all Russian writers, and still little has been done for his recognition. He is more mysterious than Dostoevsky, who goes to great lengths to reveal all the contradictions and all the abysses of his soul. In his soul and in his works, it is seen how the devil struggles with God. Gogol, on the other hand, keeps an unsolved secret in himself and takes him to the grave. There's something really scary about it. Gogol is the only Russian writer with a sense of magic, he artistically conveys the action of dark, evil magical forces. He probably gets it from the West, from Catholic Poland. Terrible Revenge was written with such a spell. The same spell is more implicitly found in Dead Souls and Inspector. Gogol feels bad very strongly. He does not find the consolation that Dostoevsky found in the image of Zosima and in the touch of mother earth. He doesn't have those sticky leaves, nowhere can he escape the evil mouths that surround him. Old school Russian critics can hardly feel the eerie nature of Gogol's art.

N. A. Berdyaev’te Kötülük Problemi ve Teodise

Max Weber argues that the metaphysical conception of God creates "an ineradicable demand for theodicy." Similarly, Augustine asked, "What is the source of evil?" He writes that the question worried him from an early age, that it was the problem that wore him down and dragged him into the community of heretics. Augustine returns to the Catholic Church only when he has a satisfactory answer to this, in Christian Platonic terms. The suffering of Augustine's experience and Weber's insight intersect in Berdiaev's thought. Berdiaev, like Augustine, is deeply concerned with the emergence of evil and, like Weber, believes that a Christian theist position should address the issue of evil and suffering. Berdyaev calls this task “the defense of God”. In this study, Berdyaev's views on God, the source of evil, and God's Defense are discussed. Keywords: Theodicy, God, Ungrund, Freedom, Jesus Christ, Grand Inquisitor, Dostoevsky, Berdyaev

İSKÂT-I İZÂFÂT TEVHÎDİ-II

“At-tawheedu isqāt al-idhāfāt”, which is a definition of tawheed, that states “tawheed is to deny the attributes” is a concept of tawheed belonging to high mysticism. One of the evaluations made about the tawheed of “isqāt al-idhāfāt” attributed to Junaid Baghdadi, is that it is the tawheed of true tawheed and havâssu'l-havâss. Isqāt al-idhāfāt tawheed is also presented as a benchmark, which is an important criterion of true tawheed in sufi literature. The fact that havâssu'l-havâss is a definition of tawheed is sufficient evidence to express its difficulty. It is for this reason that it is said that “ isqāt al-idhāfāt, which is the perfection of tawheed, is one of the intensified and difficult tasks of arbāb-i tahqīq”. When the isqāt al-idhāfāt tawheed is evaluated within the framework of the Sunni mysticism and unity of existing paradigms, some interpretation differences arise. This definition of tawheed has been mentioned a lot in the verse and prose texts of classical Turkish literature. When isqāt al-idhāfāt tawheed, (which has different interpretations), is used for human beings and other creatures, it does not give a real effect to bad thoughts, causes, and reduces the existence of creatures to the level of imagination and does not give them the rank of real existence (wujud-u-genuki); When used for the divine essence, it is based on the concept of Ahadiyet. As far as it is known, Farid al-Din Attar was the first person to use the term “isqāt al-idhāfāt” in poetry. Attar uses the term isqāt al-idhāfāt in Asrār-nāmeh's tawheed ode with the phrase “که التوحید اسقاط الإضافات / Ki al-tawheedu isqāt al-idhāfāt”. This usage has been quoted by both Persian literature poets and classical Turkish literature poets. The concepts of tajrīd, tefrīd, abandonment and unity of tawheed-i misākī have a very close connection with the concept of isqāt al-idhāfāt. Key Words: Tawheed (Monotheism), Tajrīd, Oneness, Abandoning, Ahadiyet

Kur’an-ı Kerim’de Karakter Tasviri: Devekuşu Paradoksu Örneği

The basic meaning of the paradox, which consists of the Greek words "money" (counter) and "doxa" (thought-intention), is opposing thought. However, the meaning gained over time; is contradiction and contrast. The aspect facing life is; A discrepancy between facts and what has been done is an illogicality. To be more specific, it is the opposite line between what a person should be and what he or she should experience. This situation can be associated with "three monkey syndrome", which is a social insensitivity problem in terms of behavior similarity. This situation is a paradox that occupies humanity as a line that causes social and personal problems. It is reflected in life as a serious problem in terms of both deceiving oneself and having wrong attitudes towards others. The solution to this paradox is to try to live without getting away from the facts through knowledge and reason. Keywords: Ostrich, facts, interest, weaknesses, paradox.