Karakter Root Re-Growth Sebagai Parameter Toleransi Aluminium pada Tanaman Padi

Aluminum (Al) is one of the major limited factors in crop production on acid soils. Aluminum tolerant plants can beselected from plant breeding program by one of the physiological parameters representing Al tolerance character,such as root re-growth capability during recovery from the Al-stress. In this study we determined the concentrationand time exposure of Al stress that was able to differentiate the response of three local upland rice varieties(Grogol, Hawarabunar and Krowal) and an Al-sensitive rice variety (IR64) to Al-stress, and evaluated the effectivenessof root re-growth (RRG) characters as an Al tolerance parameter in rice. The study consisted of three experiments,which were 1) nutrient culture experiment with different Al concentration treatments in growth chamber, 2) potexperiment in greenhouse using Jasinga yellow red podzolic acid soil containing 26,66 me/100 g Al and pH 4,6 asplanting media, and 3) phenotyping of F2 population using RRG character. The results showed that Al treatment at15 ppm for 72 h was able to distinctly differentiate between Al-tolerant (Grogol and Hawarabunar) and Al-sensitivevarieties (Krowal and IR64). Planting of the rice varieties on acid soils showed similar result as that of the nutrientculture. Phenotyping of F2 population using RRG character indicated the existence of RRG value variation. Thesevariations demonstrated that RRG character can be used as an Al tolerance parameter in rice and therefore can beeffectively applied to screen rice F2 population that segregate to Al tolerance character.

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Evaluation of Short Duration Drought Tolerant Rice Varieties in Drought Prone Areas of Subarnapur District of Odisha

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2020/v32i830314 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

S. Pradhan ◽

F. H. Rahman ◽

S. Sethy ◽

G. Pradhan ◽

J. Sen

Keyword(s):

Short Duration ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Block Design ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Agronomic Practices ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Sowing Seed

A study was conducted in farmer’s field through technology demonstrations during Kharif season of 2018 and 2019 in Subarnapur district of Odisha to recommend the most suited short duration drought tolerant upland rice variety particular to the locality. Six different varieties like Sahabhagi dhan, Mandakini, Jogesh, DRR-44, and DRR-42 & Khandagiri were taken with four replications in Randomized Block Design in both years. Technology demonstration included not only the improved short duration varieties, but also a package of good agronomic practices viz. line sowing, seed treatment with Bavistin, proper fertilization with dose @ 80:40:40 NPK/ha, pre emergence herbicide application with pretilachlor, needful manual weeding and need based plant protection chemicals. The results of demonstration showed that farmers could increase rice productivity notably by adopting improved variety Sahabhagi dhan and DRR-44. These varieties recorded higher grain yields of 64% and 46%, respectively, and fetched a sum return of Rs 25620 and Rs 25275 over farmers’ local variety Khandagiri.

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Response of some upland rice varieties to drought stress

Tropical Drylands ◽

10.13057/tropdrylands/t010202 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 69-77

Author(s):

EDI PURWANTO ◽

SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI ◽

YONIAR EFFENDI

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Stress Condition ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Drought Stress Condition ◽

Four Levels

Purwanto E, Samanhudi, Yoniar Effendi Y. 2017. Response of some upland rice varieties to drought stress. Trop Drylands 1: 69-77. The study aimed to examine the response of upland rice varieties at germination stage on several PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) 6000 concentration levels and to determine growth characteristics, physiological changes and yield of upland rice varieties under drought stress condition in a pot experiment. The study consisted of two experiments; the first was to study germination and early growth, and the second was to study the vegetative and generative growth of upland rice under drought stress condition. Experiments I and II were conducted in a completely randomized factorial design consisted of two factors and three replications. In experiments I, the first factor was upland rice variety comprised of 10 varieties and the second factor was PEG concentration consisted of four levels. In experiment II, the first factor was upland rice varieties that responded the best to drought stress in experiment I, and the second factor was the drought stress treatment consisted of moisture content at 100, 75, 50 and 25% field capacity. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology and the greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University (UNS) Surakarta. The results showed that the germination and vigor index decreased with increasing levels of PEG concentration. PEG concentration of 25 g L-1 of water was the most optimum for screening drought resistant upland rice. In experiment I, Towuti, Situ Patengang, Kalimutu and Gajah Mungkur varieties showed the best response to drought stress. Increased intensity of drought stress resulted in a reduction of plant height, number of tillers, dry weight, relative growth rate, leaf area, number of grains hill-1, 1000 grain weight, dry grain weight hill-1 and root dry weight. The drought stress also caused an earlier flowering date and increased percentage of empty grain. Based on the dry grain weight hill-1, Towuti exhibited a higher drought resistance level than Gajah Mungkur, Situ Patenggang and Kalimutu.

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Uji Pendahuluan Genotipe-genotipe Kedelai Hasil Seleksi In Vitro terhadap Cekaman Aluminium dan pH Rendah

Jurnal AgroBiogen ◽

10.21082/jbio.v1n2.2005.p73-75 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Arief Vivi Noviati ◽

Sri Hutami ◽

Ika Mariska ◽

Endang Sjamsudin

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Aluminum Toxicity ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Mutation Breeding ◽

Low Ph ◽

Al Tolerance ◽

Major Constraint ◽

Gamma Irradiated

Aluminum toxicity is a major constraint to soybean production in acid soils. Since variabilities on Al tolerance in plants are very limited, mutation breeding, and in vitro selection were used to increase the variability. Three soyben genotypes were produced from cultivars Wilis and Sindoro that have been gamma irradiated and selected in vitro for their tolerance to Al on Al and low pH media. These genotypes and their original cultivars were then planted in a greenhouse in an acid soil on May 2001. The results showed that the plant performances were varied, some were shorter and more compact than the original. Based on the yield components, a number of plants from the genotypes showed higher than those of the control cultivars. These plants were considered more tolerant to Al than the original cultivars.

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The zinc finger transcription factor ATF1 regulates aluminum tolerance in barley

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/eraa349 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (20) ◽

pp. 6512-6523

Author(s):

Liyuan Wu ◽

Yiyi Guo ◽

Shengguan Cai ◽

Liuhui Kuang ◽

Qiufang Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Transcriptional Activation ◽

Crop Production ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Aluminum Tolerance ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Al Tolerance ◽

Al Stress ◽

Transcription Factor 1 ◽

Differently Expressed Genes

Abstract Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major abiotic stress that restricts crop production in acid soils. Plants have evolved internal and external mechanisms of tolerance, and among them it is well known that AtSTOP1 and OsART1 are key transcription factors involved in tolerance through regulation of multiple downstream genes. Here, we identified the closest homolog of these two proteins in barley, namely HvATF1, Al-tolerance Transcription Factor 1, and determined its potential function in Al stress. HvATF1 is expressed in the nucleus, and functions in transcriptional activation. The transcription of HvATF1 was found to be constitutive in different tissues, and was little affected by Al stress. Knockdown of HvATF1 by RNAi resulted in increased Al sensitivity. Transcriptomics analysis identified 64 differently expressed genes in the RNAi lines compared to the wild-type, and these were considered as candidate downstream genes regulated by HvATF1. This study provides insights into the different molecular mechanisms of Al tolerance in barley and other plants.

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Pengaruh Sistem Intercrop Padi Gogo - Rumput Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Padi Gogo

Agrologia ◽

10.30598/a.v3i2.252 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Yugi R Ahadiyat ◽

T Harjoso ◽

Ismangil Ismangil

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

High Yield ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Main Plot

The objective of this study was to determine characters of several drought tolerance and high yield upland rice variety under low soil water content in intercrops rice – grass system. The study was carried out in rain water irrigation area of Banjaranyar village. Experimental design was Split Plot Design with three replicates. The Main plot was grass i.e no grass, elephant grass and lemon grass while sub plot was upland rice variety i.e. Situ Patenggang, Kalimutu, Danau Gaung, Jatiluhur dan Cisokan. Under very low soil water content (<12%), there was growth and yield differenc between rice varieties grown in intercrops system with grass. Eventhough there was no effect of this intercrop system on plant growth of upland rice, elephant grass promote higher rice yield, 0.88 t/ha than that without grass (0.39 t/ha) and with lemongrass (0.60 t/ha). Kalimutu variety showed the higher yield (1.38 t/ha) with plant height up to 46.27 cm and leaf area up to 4.63 cm2.

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Screening and evaluation of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in inundated soil

Agricultura tropica et subtropica ◽

10.2478/ats-2018-0007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 63-69

Author(s):

Sunday Ojo Adigbo ◽

Philip Joseph Osadebay ◽

Innocent Iseghohi ◽

Cornelius Idowu Alarima ◽

Nnennaya Ogechi Agbenin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Upland Rice ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Inland Valley ◽

Short Period ◽

Maturity Period ◽

Vigorous Growth ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Screen House

Abstract Poor germination and subsequent low grain yield of dry seeded upland rice in the existing anaerobic and short niche between lowland rice and dry season crops in the inland valley necessitate the screening of 19 rice varieties. The identification of vigorous growth and short duration upland rice variety in anaerobic condition would optimize this niche. The potted experiment was carried out in the screen house of the Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ikole campus in 2015 to screen and evaluate the performance of upland rice varieties in inundated soils with a view to selecting the suitable variety or varieties that will fit into the existing niche in the inland valley. The experiment was laid in a complete randomization design and replicated three times. The number of leaves, biomass and grain weight plant−1 of the varieties were significantly (P ≤ 0.05 %) different. The number of tillers observed in WAB 56-104, NERICA 4, NERICA 6, NERICA 3, NERICA 5, NERICA 10, NERICA 9, ARICA 4 NERICA 1, FARO 63, FARO 65 and NERICA 8 varieties were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of Igbemo varieties. The numbers of days to 50 % flowering of NERICA 1, NERICA 2, NERICA 10, NERICA 5, NERICA 9, NERICA 3, NERICA 7, NERICA 8, ARICA 4 and WAB 56-104 varieties were the lowest. Although Igbemo brown, Igbemo white varieties had the highest grain yields per plant, their maturity period exceeded the short period. Thus, NERICA 2 and NERICA 5 varieties which had lower number of days to flowering could be considered as candidate varieties that can be optimized in the niche in question.

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Combining Ability for Drought Tolerance in Upland Rice Varieties at Reproductive Stage

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n3p138 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 138 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. M. Malemba ◽

F. M. Nzuve ◽

J. M. Kimani ◽

M. F. Olubayo ◽

J. W. Muthomi

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Rice Production ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

F2 Population ◽

Drought Conditions

Rice is an important food crop for human population ranking second among the mostly consumed cereal grains worldwide. Upland rice production is greatly constrained by drought stress resulting from rainfall variation patterns. Cultivation of drought tolerant varieties is considered the best option for drought management in rice production. The already released upland rice varieties are drought susceptible and have poor grain attributes hence, the aim of this study was to determine the combining ability for drought tolerance in upland rice. Four upland NERICA and two upland rice varieties were selected as parents for generating F1s crosses following 6 × 6 complete diallel. The generated 30 F1 crosses were advanced to F2 population for field evaluation. The F2 progenies together with six parents were planted in two sites; KALRO-Mwea Center Farm and Kirogo research Farm following a randomized complete block design in three replications. Drought stress was initiated 45 days after sowing after which data was collected on drought and agronomic parameters. The study revealed large genetic variations among the genotypes used. Both GCA and SCA were significant indicating the importance of both additive and non additive gene action in the expression of studied traits. In this study NERICA 2 and NERICA 15 were identified as good combiners for drought tolerance and grain yield under drought conditions. The single crosses namely; NERICA 15 × NERICA 2, NERICA 1 × NERICA 15, NERICA 11 × NERICA 15 and NERICA 2 × NERICA 15 were identified as superior for improving yield under drought conditions.

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Genotypic variation in adaptation to soil acidity in local upland rice varieties

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262114000896 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 206-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Suwannee Laenoi ◽

Nattinee Phattarakul ◽

Sansanee Jamjod ◽

Narit Yimyam ◽

Bernard Dell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Soil Acidity ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Genotypic Variation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pure Line ◽

Wetland Rice ◽

Al Tolerance ◽

Acidic Soils ◽

Rice Varieties

Local upland rice germplasm is an invaluable resource for farmers who grow rice on acidic soils without flooding that benefits wetland rice. In this study, we evaluated the adaptation to soil acidity in common local upland rice varieties from an area with acidic soil in Thailand. Tolerance to hydrogen and aluminium (Al) toxicity was determined by measuring root growth, plant dry weight and phosphorus (P) uptake in aerated solution culture without the supplementation of Al (0 mg/l) at pH 7 and 4 and with the supplementation of 10, 20 and 30 mg Al/l at pH 4. The root growth of upland rice plants grown from farmers' seed was depressed less by Al than that of common wetland rice varieties. Pure-line genotypes of upland rice varieties were differentiated into several classes of Al tolerance, with frequency distribution of the classes that sometimes differed between the accessions of the same varieties. The effect of Al tolerance on root length was closely correlated with depression by Al in root dry weight and whole-plant P content. A source for adaptation to soil acidity for exploitation in the genetic improvement of aerobic and rainfed rice is clearly found among local upland rice varieties grown on acidic soils. However, the variation in tolerance to soil acidity within and among the seed lots of the same varieties maintained by individual farmers as well as among the varieties needs to be taken into consideration.

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Evaluation of the tolerance of Thai indigenous upland rice germplasm to early drought stress using multiple selection criteria

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262115000428 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 109-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kittichai Narenoot ◽

Tidarat Monkham ◽

Sompong Chankaew ◽

Patcharin Songsri ◽

Wattana Pattanagul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Selection Criteria ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Rice Germplasm ◽

Drought Tolerance Index

Drought remains the most important factor that affects rice productivity, especially in rainfed areas, worldwide. Upland rice is one of the crop choices of farmers in the rainfed environment. Although upland rice varieties require less water than lowland rice varieties, yields often remain limited by drought, particularly in the period of early growth. The aims of this study were to identify the traits related to early drought tolerance in upland rice varieties, and to identify the potential sources of germplasm for early drought tolerance. A total of sixty upland rice varieties were planted in a factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the rainy seasons of 2011 and 2012, under greenhouse conditions. Based on the drought tolerance index (DTI), the test germplasm sources were classified into three groups: (i) susceptible; (ii) moderately tolerant; (iii) tolerant to drought stress. Grain yield (GY) showed significant negative correlations with the leaf rolling score (r= − 0.623, P< 0.01), the leaf death score (LDS) (r= − 0.673, P< 0.01) and the recovery score (r= − 0.746, P< 0.01), while leaf dry matter (r= 0.698, P< 0.01) and leaf water potential (r= 0.618, P< 0.01) had significant positive correlations with GY. These findings indicate the suitability of the DTI as the selection criteria for early drought tolerance in a breeding programme. In addition, the upland rice germplasm accessions KKU-ULR011, KKU-ULR012, KKU-ULR125, KKU-ULR199 and KKU-ULR292 were identified as having high levels of stability for drought tolerance in both the 2011 and 2012 experiments, suggesting their potential for further use for rice variety improvement for drought tolerance.

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Molecular Analysis and Phenotypic Performances of BC3F2 Upland Rice Lines Containing Alt and Pup1 Loci

Jurnal AgroBiogen ◽

10.21082/jbio.v15n2.2019.p83-92 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Muhammad Rauful Mizan ◽

Desta Wirnas ◽

NFN Tasliah ◽

Nurul Hidayatun ◽

Joko Prasetiyono, S.P., M.Si.

Keyword(s):

Upland Rice ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Al Toxicity ◽

Tiller Number ◽

Selected Lines ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Foreground Analysis ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

Marker Assisted Backcrossing

The challenges in upland rice cultivation are phosphorous (P) deficiency and aluminum (Al) toxicity, each controlled by Pup1 and Alt loci, respectively. Pyramiding the two genes into Indonesian rice varieties were previously done through Marker-Assisted Backcrossing method to obtain BC3F2 populations. The aims of this study were to analyze the BC3F2 upland rice lines containing the Alt and Pup1 loci molecularly (foreground and background analyses) and to test their phenotypic performances. Genetic materials tested included Dupa variety (donor of Alt) and three improved Indonesian genotypes (Dodokan-Pup1, Situ Bagendit-Pup1, and Batur-Pup1) as recurrent parents, Kasalath (donor of Pup1), and 300 BC3F2 lines from Dodokan-Pup1+Alt, Situ Bagendit-Pup1+Alt, and Batur-Pup1+Alt, respectively. The rice genotypes were selected individually using modified Yoshida nutrient solution, followed by foreground and background analyses. 150 out of 300 seedlings were selected and maintained until harvest in the greenhouse. Foreground analysis using markers (RM1361, RM12031, and Kas46-2) and tiller number performances resulted in 18 plants from BC3F2 Dodokan-Pup1+Alt, 30 plants from BC3F2 Situ Bagendit-Pup1+Alt, and 25 plants from BC3F2 Batur-Pup1+Alt still carrying Alt and Pup1 loci. Background analysis using molecular markers showed that the best individual lines of BC3F2 were number 56 for BC3F2 Dodokan-Pup1+Alt, number 32 or 70 for BC3F2 Situ Bagendit-Pup1+Alt, and number 20 for BC3F2 Batur-Pup1+Alt. The selected lines having both both Alt and Pup1 loci in homozygote condition with highest number of tiller per plant which are useful genetic materials for developing upland rice variety tolerance to low P and Al toxicity.

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