scholarly journals Sildenafil is Safe and Effective for the Treatment of Lower Ureteric Stone with no Major Side Effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-564
Author(s):  
Sudeep Raj KC ◽  
Bhusan Raj Timilsina ◽  
Hari Prasad Upadhyay ◽  
Gaurav Devkota ◽  
Rajiv Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Expulsion Rate ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

INTRODUCTION: Urolithiasis is one of the most common diseases of the urinary tract. Prevalence of urinary stones in a life time is approximately 1% to 15%.Peak age of incidence is 30 years. Male are more commonly affected than female about 2 to 3 times. At the time of presentation 20 % of the calculi are found in the ureter, among which 70% are located in the distal third of the ureter. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of sildenafil citrate on passage of stone from distal ureter. METHODOLOGY: This is the Quasi experimental study performed in College Of Medical Sciences, Chitwan, Nepal, from February 2017 to February 2018 for a period of one year. First 100 patients of urolithiasis were selected and divided into two groups with the help of lotiery method Group A and Group B. In group A we had patient on placebo and in group B we had patient receiving sildenafil 50 mg once daily and for the period of two weeks. RESULTS: The mean ± standard deviation of stone size was 7.01±1.70mm for treatment group and 6.85±1.56mm for placebo group (p> 0.64) .The stone expulsion rate was 74.5% for treatment group and 41.7% for placebo group (P<0.001). Mean ± standard deviation of expulsion time was 7.6 ±3.49 days for treatment group and 10.25±3.12 days for placebo group (P<0.008). Mean ± standard deviation of VAS was 3.49±1.300for treatment group and 6.77±1.308 for placebo group (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Medical Expulsive Therapy (MET) for lower ureterolithiasis with sildenafil during conservative treatment period is safe and effective as demonstrated by the absence of serious side effects and increased stone expulsion rate with early time.

scholarly journals Outcome of Pushback Stenting and ESWL Versus in Situ ESWL for Upper Ureteric Stone -A Comparative Study

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Md Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Maruf Ahmed ◽  
Md Rokonuzzaman Khan ◽  
Md Shamim Hossain ◽  
Khan Nuzrul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ureteric Stone ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Urological Disorders ◽  
Group B

Background: Urolithiasis is one of the most prevalent urological disorders and the prevalence of urinary stones has increased world wide1. The management of urinary calculi was revolutionized by the introduction of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) in 1980 and the first successful ESWL treatment was accomplished in Germany by Dr. Christian Chaussy using a Dornier HM1 lithotripter. ESWL is a safe, effective and non-invasive method2.Purpose: To observe the outcome of pushback stenting and ESWL versus in situ ESWL for upper ureteric stone.Materials and methods: It was a quasi-experimental study. The study was under went in the department of urology, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, between July'2012 to June'2014. Total 60 patients of single upper ureteric stone who satisfy inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Selected patients were dived into two groups, group A and group B. Group-A for pushback stenting and ESWL and group-B for in situ ESWL. Results were compared in terms of clearance rates, number of shock waves, sessions, incidence of complications and failure rate.Results: Failure of ESWL was significantly higher in Group B (23.33%) than Group A (10%). These results were statistically significant.Conclusion: Pushback stenting and ESWL is better than in situ ESWL for upper ureteric stone.KYAMC Journal Vol. 8, No.-1, Jul 2017, Page 4-9

scholarly journals Role of Nepafenac 0.1% Ophthalmic Solution in Preventing Intraoperative Miosis during Phacoemulsification

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sairam Ahmed ◽  
Iqra Ghazanfar ◽  
Fuad Ahmad Khan Niazi ◽  
Ali Raza
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Ophthalmic Solution ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Purpose:  To compare 0.1% Nepafenac ophthalmic solution with placebo in terms of decreasing mean intraoperative miosis in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Study Design:  Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study:  Department of Ophthalmology, Holy-Family Hospital Rawalpindi from September 2017 to March 2018. Methods:  A total of 150 eyes with senile cataract of patients between 40-80 years of age and of both genders, undergoing uneventful cataract surgery and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included. Patients were divided into 2 equal groups. Group A received Nepafenac eye drops and group B received placebo drops (Preservative free artificial tears). The diameter of pupil as viewed through the operating microscope was measured with Castroviejo Caliper at following steps; immediately before the start of surgery (baseline), after complete nucleus removal and at the end of surgery. Results:  Mean decrease in pupil size from the start of surgery to the end of phacoemulsification in Group A (nepafenac group) was 0.48 ± 0.26 mm while in Group B (placebo group) it was 1.40 ± 0.49 mm (P = 0.0001). Mean decrease in pupil size from start to end in Group A (Nepafenac group) was 0.75 ± 0.32 mm while in Group B (placebo group) was 2.02 ± 0.62 mm (P = 0.0001). Conclusion:  Intraoperative miosis in terms of mean decrease in pupils size (both from start of surgery till phacoemulsification and also from start of surgery till end of surgery) was lower in 0.1% Nepafenac group as compared to placebo group. Key Words:  Phacoemulsification, Miosis, Nepafenac.

scholarly journals Survival Impact of Aggressive Treatment and PD-L1 Expression in Oligometastatic NSCLC

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 593-605
Author(s):  
Camille Gauvin ◽  
Vimal Krishnan ◽  
Imane Kaci ◽  
Danh Tran-Thanh ◽  
Karine Bédard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Aggressive Treatment ◽  
Palliative Approach ◽  
Oligometastatic Disease ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Studies have shown that aggressive treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with oligometastatic disease improves the overall survival (OS) compared to a palliative approach and some immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and T-Lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors are now part of the standard of care for advanced NSCLC. However, the prognostic impact of PD-L1 expression in the oligometastatic setting remains unknown. Methods: Patients with oligometastatic NSCLC were identified from the patient database of the Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM). “Oligometastatic disease” definition chosen is one synchronous metastasis based on the M1b staging of the eight IASLC (The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer) Classification (within sixth months of diagnosis) or up to three cerebral metastasis based on the methodology of the previous major phase II randomized study of Gomez et al. We compared the OS between patients receiving aggressive treatment at both metastatic and primary sites (Group A) and patients receiving non-aggressive treatment (Group B). Subgroup analysis was performed using tumor PD-L1 expression. Results: Among 643 metastatic NSCLC patients, we identified 67 patients with oligometastasis (10%). Median follow-up was 13.3 months. Twenty-nine patients (43%) received radical treatment at metastatic and primary sites (Group A), and 38 patients (57%) received non-aggressive treatment (Group B). The median OS (mOS) of Group A was significantly longer than for Group B (26 months vs. 5 months, p = 0.0001). Median progression-free survival (mPFS) of Group A was superior than Group B (17.5 months vs. 3.4 months, p = 0.0001). This difference was still significant when controlled for primary tumor staging: stage I (p = 0.316), stage II (p = 0.024), and stage III (p = 0.001). In the cohort of patients who were not treated with PD-L1 inhibitors, PD-L1 expression negatively correlated with mOS. Conclusions: Aggressive treatments of oligometastatic NSCLC significantly improve mOS and mPFS compared to a more palliative approach. PD-L1 expression is a negative prognostic factor which suggests a possible role for immunotherapy in this setting.

scholarly journals Incidence of Bacteriuria after Urodynamic Study with or without Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Women with Urinary Incontinence

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hirakauva ◽  
Ana Bianchi-Ferraro ◽  
Eliana Zucchi ◽  
Marcio Kajikawa ◽  
Manoel Girão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Urodynamic Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Introduction The presence of bacteria in urine is called bacteriuria, which may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. The manipulation of the urinary tract during urodynamic study (UDS), which is an invasive procedure, can result in urinary tract infection (UTI). Studies on the use of prophylactic antibiotics for UDSs are contradictory. Some investigators concluded that they were valuable and others did not. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis before UDS. This is a placebo-control randomized double-blind study. Methods Two-hundred and seventeen women affected by urinary incontinence were eligible for this study. All patients had presented negative urine culture previous to the UDS. They were randomized in four groups: group A received placebo, group B received 500 mg of levofloxacin, group C received 80 mg trimethoprim and 400 mg sulfamethoxazole and group D received 100 mg of nitrofurantoin. A urine culture was performed 14 days after the UDS. Results We observed asymptomatic bacteriuria after the UDS in five patients in group A, one in group B, one in group C and one in group D. Only one patient on group A had symptomatic bacteriuria. We didn't observe statistical difference between the groups. When we recategorized the patients in two groups, the incidence of bacteriuria was significantly higher in the placebo group compared with the antibiotic group. Conclusion The conclusion is that antibiotic prophylaxis before the UDS did not reduce the incidence of UTI in women within the target population.

A Comparative Study on Engineering Student's Performance between the Single-Gender Classroom and Co-educational Classroom: A Case Study of Islamic University of Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Faruq Bashir ◽  
Farouque Ahmed Haolader
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Single Gender ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The purpose of this research was to conduct a comparative study to find out which setting performs better between students in the Co-educational Instruction setting and Students in the Single-gender Instruction set. In this research process, the researchers compared the performance of students who receive instruction in a single-gender classroom with the performance of other students who receive instruction in a co-educational classroom. The study population was 756 students of single and mixed-gender streams, classified into two groups (A & B). Out of this, one single-gender male class of 268 students (group A) and one COED class of 488 students (group B) were sampled from the Islamic University of Technology (IUT) in Bangladesh. The research adopted a quasi-experimental research design. The instruments used for data collection were the summative assessment of both groups' first and second-semester results that serve as test instruments. Frequency counts and the Arithmetic means were used for descriptive analysis. The independent sample t-test was used to test the hypotheses. Social learning theory emphasizes the importance of biological, social, and cultural impacts on human behavioral development and learning, especially on gender and genders specific traits and roles. Based on the analyses and interpretation of the data, the researcher found that male students perform better academically in single-gender classes, contrary to their academic performance when mixed with females in the same classes. Thus, single-gender instruction could be a more favorable environment for male students than a co-educational instruction environment.

STUDY OF GHRELIN LEVELS IN HYPOTHYROID PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-54
Author(s):  
Peeyush Yadav ◽  
G. G. Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Serum Ghrelin ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients

Objective: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of ghrelin in hypothyroid patients before and after treatment with L-thyroxine and to nd a possible relationship between ghrelin and thyroid hormones. Material & Methods: The present study was conducted on 100 hypothyroid patients (44 Males & 56 Females) before treatment (Group A) and after treatment (Group B) attending the outpatient clinics or admitted in wards of J.L.N. Hospitals, Ajmer. 100 healthy control subjects (Group C) of same age group of either gender were selected for the study. Blood samples were drawn from patients and controls, after overnight fast of at least 8 hours. Estimation of Serum Ghrelin, free T3, free T4, and TSH was done by using Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) technique. Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL – Cholesterol were measured by automated analyser (Beckman & Coulter's AU680). VLDL – Cholesterol, LDL – Cholesterol were calculated by Friedwald's formula. Differences in the parameters among the groups were analyzed by ANOVA test followed by its Tukey HSD post hoc analysis. Correlations between variables were tested using the Pearson rho (r: Correlation coefcient) correlation test. Results: Findings of the present study shows that the levels of serum fT3 (1.79 ± 0.29 pg/mL) and serum fT4 (0.34 ± 0.11 ng/dL) were signicantly lower in Group A compared to Group B (fT3 = 3.00 ± 0.32 pg/mL & fT4 = 0.81 ± 0.15 ng/dL) and Group C (fT3 = 3.12 ± 0.31 pg/mL & fT4 = 0.85 ± 0.11ng/dL) whereas serum TSH levels were signicantly higher in Group A (40.59 ± 13.55 μIU/mL) compared to Group B (5.34 ± 1.47 μIU/mL) and Group C (3.23 ± 1.04 μIU/mL). Levels of serum Ghrelin were signicantly higher in Group A (918.19 ± 48.47 pg/mL) compared to Group B (700.34 ± 46.35 pg/mL) and Group C (681.49 ± 35.80 pg/mL). A non signicant correlation of Ghrelin with S.fT4 and TSH was found in both Group A and Group B whereas S.fT3 and BMI shows a non signicant correlation in Group A in comparison to a signicant correlation in Group B. Conclusion: There is a reversible increase in the levels of serum ghrelin which became normalized after L-thyroxine substitution in hypothyroid patients. Alteration in the levels of serum ghrelin in thyroid disorders indicates a compensatory role of ghrelin in metabolic disturbances and also suggests a possible association between thyroid hormones and serum ghrelin levels.

scholarly journals Epigastric pain after intravenous administration of oxytocin in patients undergoing lower segment cesarean section: A quasi experimental study comparing intravenous bolus with infusion technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Ali Kashif ◽  
Rizwana Bashir Kiani ◽  
Syed Muhammad Asad Shabbir ◽  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Ghulam Sabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Intravenous Bolus ◽  
Lower Segment ◽  
Lower Segment Cesarean Section ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Infusion Technique

Aim: To compare the frequency of epigastric pain and uterotonic effect of an equivalent dose of oxytocin administered as an intravenous bolus versus intravenous infusion during elective LSCS under spinal anesthesia. Methodology: We recruited 98 parturients undergoing elective LSCS under spinal anesthesia for this prospective quasi experimental study and divided them into two groups. Group-A received 5 IU of oxytocin as bolus intravenous (IV) injection in 5 sec (bolus group, n= 48), and Group-B (infusion group, n= 50) received 5 IU of oxytocin as an infusion over 5 min. Any complaint of epigastric pain by the patients was noted and its frequency was compared between the two groups. The uterine tone was assessed as adequate or inadequate by an obstetrician. The data were entered into SPSS version 22. Patient demographic data were analyzed with independent samples T-test and the study data were analyzed with Chi‑square test and presented as n (%). p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Epigastric pain was noted in 25 (52.03%) out of 48 parturients in Group-A and 15 (30%) out of 50 in Group-B (p = 0.026). There was no significant difference in the uterotonic effect of oxytocin between the two groups (p = 0.736). Conclusion:  We conclude that oxytocin infusion is associated with lower frequency of epigastric pain in elective LSCS when compared to intravenous bolus of an equivalent dose of oxytocin, However, the effect on uterine contractions was adequate with both methods. Citation: Kashif A, Kiani RB, Shabbir SMA, Mahmood T, Sabir G, Fatima NE, Khan WA. Epigastric pain after intravenous administration of oxytocin in patients undergoing lower segment cesarean section: A quasi experimental study comparing intravenous bolus with infusion technique. Anaesth pain intensive care 2020;24(1):_ DOI: https://doi.org/10.35975/apic.v2i1. Received – 20 February 2019; Reviewed – 4, 16 March, 25 June, 9 September, 2, 25 November, 10 December 2019, 7 January 2020; Revised – 19 June, 10 August, 29 September, 1 November 2019, 6 January 2020; Accepted – 10 January 2020;

scholarly journals Speech performance and oral impairments with lingual and labial orthodontic appliances in the first stage of fixed treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Z. Khattab ◽  
Hassan Farah ◽  
Rabab Al-Sabbagh ◽  
Mohammad Y. Hajeer ◽  
Yaser Haj-Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Spectrographic Analysis ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Lingual Appliance ◽  
Group A ◽  
Speech Performance ◽  
Group B ◽  
Lingual Brackets

ABSTRACT Objectives: To compare (1) speech performance based on an auditive analysis and sonagraphy and (2) levels of oral impairment between fixed lingual and labial orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four patients with Class I division 1 malocclusion and moderate crowding of upper teeth were distributed randomly into two groups. Seventeen patients in group A (mean age: 20.6 years; standard deviation [SD]: 2.9 years) were treated with fixed lingual appliances (Stealth®, AO, Sheboygan, Wisc), whereas 17 patients in group B (mean age: 21.8 years; SD: 3.3 years) were treated with conventional fixed labial appliances. Speech performance was tested using spectrographic analysis of fricative /s/ sound before, immediately after (T1), 1 month after, and 3 months after bracket placement. The levels of oral impairment were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Results: A significant deterioration in articulation was recorded at all assessment times in group A but only at T1 in group B. Significant intergroup differences were recorded at all assessment times (P &lt; .001). Speech difficulties were significantly higher in the lingual brackets group after 1 month of bracket placement (P &lt; .001). Soft tissue irritation and chewing difficulty were significantly higher in the lingual appliance group after 24 hours of bracket placement (P &lt; .001). Conclusions: The lingual appliance is more problematic than the labial one in terms of speech articulation. Although patients with both appliances suffered from different degrees of oral impairment, patients with lingual appliances had more untoward effects, particularly during the first month of treatment.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF KALO JEERA SEEDS AND PAPAYA LEAF SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Sorwar ◽  
M. Mostofa ◽  
M. N. Hasan ◽  
M. Billah ◽  
M. T. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of papaya leaf (Carica papaya) and kalo jeera (Nigella sativa) seeds powdered supplementation in drinking water as a growth promoter in broiler chickens. A total of 20 Cobb-500 broiler chicks (day-old) were purchased from local hatchery (Nourish Poultry and Hatchery Ltd.) and after seven days of acclimatization chicks were randomly divided into two groups, A (n=10) and B (n=10). The group A was kept as a control and not treated. The group B was supplemented with papaya leaf and kalo jeera powder with feed and water. Weekly observations were recorded for live body weight gain up to 5th weeks and hematological tests were performed at 35th day’s age of broiler to search for hematological changes between control (A) and treatment (B) groups. The initial body weight of groups A and B on 1st were 41.00±0.56 gm and 41.50±0.35 gm, respectively and after 35th day of experiment final body weight were 1470±57.35 gm and 1720±58.56 gm, respectively and economics of production were analyzed and found that net profit per broiler was Tk. 8.91 and Tk. 20.69, respectively. The treatment group B was recorded statistically significant (at 1% level) increased (17.00%) for live body weight than that of control group A. The hematological parameters total erythrocyte count (TEC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and hemoglobin (Hb) estimation value of treatment group shows significant difference, while hemoglobin estimation does not show significant difference from control group. The results suggest that better growth performance could be achieved in broilers supplemented with papaya leaf and kalo jeera seeds.

scholarly journals Management of Pain During Propofol Injection Using Intravenous Nitroglycerine

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-205
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sazzad Hossain ◽  
Mohammad Mamunur Rashid ◽  
Md Anisur Rahman Babu ◽  
Afsana Sultana ◽  
Md Sirajul Islam Mahfuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Injection Pain ◽  
Group A ◽  
American Society ◽  
Group B ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
American Society Of Anesthesiologists ◽  
To Receive

Background: Propofol is an intravenous (IV) anesthetic agent, can irritate the skin, mucous membrane and venous intima. The main drawback is the pain at injection site following its intravenous injection. Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of intravenous nitroglycerine on pain in patients following propofol injection. Materials and Methods: Eighty adult patients of both sexes, aged 20-50 years, according to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status were divided into two equal groups (n=40) to receive 200 mcg intravenous nitroglycerine diluted in 10 ml saline (group A) and 10 ml normal saline as placebo (group B) at an ambient operating room temperature in a randomized and double blinded fashion to compare the pain-relieving effects of the drugs during propofol injection before the patients lost consciousness. The pain on propofol injection was assessed according to the Mc Crirrick and Hunter scale. Results: The overall incidence and severity of pain were significantly less in Groups A (nitroglycerine group) than group B (placebo group) (p< 0.05). The incidence of mild and moderate pain in Group A versus group B was 25% vs 45% and 15% vs 30% respectively (p<0.05). The incidence of score '0' (no pain) was higher in Group A (60%) than Group B (25%) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Pretreatment with 200 mcg nitroglycerine with venous occlusion for one minute is effective pretreatment in alleviating propofol injection pain when compared to placebo. KYAMC Journal Vol. 10, No.-4, January 2020, Page 202-205

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