scholarly journals Vulnerability Analysis to Prioritize the Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Drinking Water Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
P. Gurung ◽  
C. Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village

In 2015, two massive earthquakes occurred in the central region of Nepal, killing more than 8000 people. The disaster destroyed many houses and public infrastructures and severely affected 14 districts in the central region of Nepal. Most of the affected people were disconnected from basic services such as safe drinking water. Being a basic human need, essential to live a healthy life, drinking water scheme rehabilitation project was initiated by many non-governmental agencies in coordination with the Government of Nepal (GoN). However, due to the limitation of the funds and time, most of the implementing agencies faced problems to prioritize schemes and the communities, which at first needed to focus to reinstate. Therefore, a vulnerable ranking method was adopted to distinguish the priorities to reconstruct damaged and totally destroyed water schemes in Dhading, Gorkha, Nuwakot, and Rasuwa districts of Nepal, which are the districts in the most earthquake affected region. In the process of vulnerability ranking, three major community level parameters and indicators were considered for the ranking. 1) Number of households without safe drinking water after an earthquake, 2) Number of households without improved sanitation after an earthquake, and 3) Disadvantage Group (DAG) ranking of the Village Development Committees (VDCs) of the districts. This process of ranking using community level parameters technique is able to substantiate a justice scientifically in front of the communities, government, donor, and other stakeholders in the selection of VDCs to rehabilitate the drinking water schemes.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of the Government and NGOs in Delivering Quality Services for the Rural People of Pakistan: Community Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 203-225
Author(s):  
Mohsin Khan ◽  
Jetnor Kasmi ◽  
Abdul Saboor ◽  
Iftikhar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Often the government and the non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are criticised for their poor performances in delivering services particularly in rural areas. However, there has been limited research on the assessment of their relative performances in service delivery as well as on the perceptions of people on the quality of such service delivery. This study examines the relative performances of NGOs and the governmental development interventions that provide basic services including public health, education, drinking water and sanitation. The study explains the impact of agricultural extension services and infrastructure such as access to roads and markets on the rural people and measures the satisfaction level of the rural community. For this purpose, 225 households (HHs) in 8 villages of Phalia Tehsil, district Mandi Bahauddin, Punjab, Pakistan were first surveyed in 2010 and then in 2014 using a structured questionnaire. The findings reveal different satisfaction levels of HHs, with most of them expressing less satisfaction on government service delivery compared with NGOs. They reveal satisfaction over the performance of NGOs in health, drinking water supplies and agriculture extension services. Further, the study shows an increasing satisfaction of people on access to road, transport, agri-market and price of agri-commodities by the government.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake, Intestinal Infection, and Safe Drinking Water Among Children with Anemia in Peru: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M Westgard ◽  
Luis A. Orrego-Ferreyros ◽  
Liz Franco Calderón ◽  
Alexandra M. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Intestinal Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Anemia is a major public health concern that is present in 41.7% of children under 5 worldwide. The prevalence of anemia in Peru was 43.6% in 2017, a decrease by only 6.8% in 8 years. Despite great efforts made by the government to reduce anemia by distributing free multi-micronutrient supplements and promote the consumption of iron rich foods, progress has been slow. The current study sought to better understand the dietary intake, incidence of intestinal infectious disease, and access to safe drinking water by children with anemia in Peru to help explain why the prevalence remains high. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from two national surveys that were combined by child ID. Descriptive statistics was analyzed to understand the experience of children with anemia in comparison to child without anemia. Logistic multivariate regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between anemia and dietary intake, intestinal infection, and access to safe drinking water. RESULTS The sample included 586 children between 6 and 35 months. The prevalence of anemia in this population was 53.2%. The portion of children that consumed sufficient micronutrients to meet the recommendation for their age was 51.9%. Of the children with anemia, 45.1% consumed sufficient micronutrients to meet their recommendation, vs. 54.9% of children without anemia (p<0.001). The children with anemia were more likely to have an intestinal infection in the last year (35% vs. 26%, p=0.057) and less likely to have access to safe drinking water (23% vs. 14%, p=0.02) than those without anemia.. The logistic analysis revealed that having an intestinal infection increased the odds of having anemia (OR=1.59, CI 95% [1.01-2.49]), and having access to safe drinking waters decreased the odds of having anemia (OR=0.56, [0.32-0.96]), while controlling for the consumption of sufficient iron. CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of the children with anemia in Peru already consume sufficient micronutrients to meet their daily requirement. However, they continue to have anemia, likely due to intestinal infection, such as diarrhea and parasites, and a lack of access to safe drinking water.

scholarly journals Measuring the Impact of West Bengal Drinking Water Sector Improvement Project: A Baseline Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniceto C. Orbeta ◽  
Neeta Pokhrel ◽  
Saswati Ghosh Belliappa ◽  
Saugata Dasgupta ◽  
Arati Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North And South

Access to safe drinking water is a fundamental right of people. The West Bengal Drinking Water Sector Improvement Project is assisting the Government of West Bengal to provide safe, sustainable, and inclusive drinking water services to over 1.65 million people in the arsenic, fluoride, and salinity-affected areas of Bankura, North and South 24 Parganas, and Purba Medinipur districts. This publication sets the baseline of the project by providing the benchmark comparison of primary outcomes for the project and non-project households, before implementation, so that an impact evaluation can be carried out at project completion.

scholarly journals Household attitudes and knowledge on drinking water enhance water hazards in peri-urban communities in Western Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimongu J. Kioko ◽  
John F. Obiri
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Storage

Ensuring safe drinking water remains a big challenge in developing countries where waterborne diseases cause havoc in many communities. A major challenge is limited knowledge, misinformation and attitudes that work against ensuring that drinking water is safe. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes and practices of peri-urban households in Kakamega Town of Western Kenya, concerning the collection, treatment and storage of drinking water. Alongside this we examined the role of solid waste disposal in water safety. Three hundred and seventy eight households from four residential regions of varying economic levels were randomly sampled in Kakamega Town. Data was collected via questionnaire interviews that incorporated attitude questions based on a Likert scale of 1−5, and administered to the households and key informants. The results showed most respondents were knowledgeable about ideal methods of water collection, treatment and storage. However, they did not practise them appropriately. Some attitudes among the respondents worked against the ideals of achieving safe drinking water. For instance, many households perceived their drinking water source as safe and did not treat it, even when obtained from open sources like rivers. Further, they preferred to store drinking water in clay pots, because the pots kept the water cold, rather than use the narrow-necked containers that limit exposure to contaminants. Also, hand washing with soap was not practised enough in their daily lives to avoid contact with waterborne hazards. We recommend that the government undertake training programmes on drinking water safety that advocate appropriate water use, hygiene and sanitation strategies.

scholarly journals Status of cyclone shelter facilities in south central Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Amin ◽  
SC Shil ◽  
M Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Sanitation Facility ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Status ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Cyclone Shelter

The south central region of Bangladesh is vulnerable to devastating cyclone. One of the most recognizable strategies to reduce risk of cyclone is cyclone shelter (CS). This study focuses on peoples perception on the status of cyclone shelter facilities in terms of its feasibility, water supply-sanitation facility and people‘s expectation about overall environmental conditions etc. To review the perceived status of CS in south central region, a face to face questionnaire survey was conducted. Besides some key informants interview was also performed to validate the collected data by interview. The results revealed that the facilities of the CS were not satisfactory according to the most of the respondents. Among the respondents about 60% are highly vulnerable to cyclone. However, about 56% people were not interested to go CS during the disaster warning period because of the absence of connecting road. Another important issue that people indicated for going to CS was women security. More than 50% of the respondent perceived about unhealthy sanitation facilities. Safe drinking water, men and women separate bathroom perceived to be the important considerable factors among the CS facilities in the study area.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(1): 75-79 2016

scholarly journals Willingness to pay for improved water supply in rural areas of tamilnadu: an econometric analysis using tobit model

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-240
Author(s):  
DHANASEKARAN K ◽  
GANESAN R
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Resource Mobilization ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
The Government

Provision of high quality and sustainable drinking water services for all the citizens, particularly the rural poor, is critical to enhance the economic productivity of any nation. Supply of safe and quality drinking water to the rural community remains a significant issue in the governance in India. It has been estimated that to provide safe drinking water to all rural habitations in the country with minimum satisfactory level of service would require a further investment of about Rs.450 billion. In view of increasing constraints, it would be a difficult task for the Government alone to mobilize such huge investment single handedly. Therefore, aproductive and pro-active involvement of user community and other stakeholders in resource mobilization and community participation in the implementation as well as the operation and maintenance of the system has become imperative. To translate the above strategy into practice, it requires massive efforts to transform the prevailing mindset of the major partners – the users, community, local Government, Government agencies, NGO’s etc. When users are involved in operation and maintenance of the systems, they are likely to be willing to pay forit.

scholarly journals Exploring the important determinants of access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation in Punjab, Pakistan

Water Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Adil ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Irfan Malik
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Improved Sanitation

Abstract Access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation is a fundamental human right and basic ingredient of public health. However, one of the major problems faced by developing countries in the twenty-first century is the lack of access to these facilities. Punjab is the most populous province of Pakistan with more than 50% of the country's population is no exception. Keeping in view its importance, the current study is an effort to investigate important determinants of access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation in Punjab to ensure the provision of these services to the masses. Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Household data from 2017 to 2018 has been used for analysis. The results of a logistic regression model revealed that household media exposure, education level of household head, household wealth status, and ethnic background of the household head are some of the important determinants of household access to safe drinking water. For household access to improved sanitation, along with these factors, the role of social norms and place of residence are also important. Particularly, the role of social norms is very profound. Findings from the study suggest that efforts should be made to provide readily available media access, household education level needs to be enhanced, policies should be made to raise the living standard of the poorest households, and the social norm for the use of improved sanitation needs to be promoted.

scholarly journals Safe drinking water and sanitary facilities utilization in households of Belagavi urban slums, Karnataka, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
Jambulingam Vasanthakumar ◽  
Bhuvana Gajula ◽  
Shilpa Reddy Ganta
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Joint Monitoring

Background: Safe water and adequate sanitation are basic to the health of every person, yet many people throughout the world do not have access to these needs. Access to these basic services is not only a fundamental right, but also a steppingstone to sustainable development of the country. Objective of this study was conducted to measure the proportion of slum households using improved drinking water and sanitation facilities.Methods: Study was conducted among 620 slum households in Belagavi from by interviewing one member from each household using WHO/UNICEF joint monitoring program core questions on drinking water and sanitation for household surveys.Results: All the slum households (100%) used improved drinking water source; piped water in yard or plot (68.22%) being the primary source. 94.35% of households used improved water source for cooking and/or hand washing purpose. 49.03% of households used improved sanitation facilities and 55.97% used unimproved sanitation facilities. Proportion of households with no latrine facilities and practicing open defecation were 13.06%. About 27.69% households had reported diarrheal events in children in the previous month. Type of latrine used by households was found significantly associated with the diarrheal events in children.Conclusions: Utilization of safe drinking water in Belagavi slums has increased when compared to global and national levels but households with piped water supply are still low. Access to improved sanitation facilities is still lacking in many households. Increasing access to basic sanitation at the household level and behavior change awareness programs could help in achieving universal sanitation coverage.

Mexican indigenous strategy will not reduce poverty

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Public Event ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
Total Coverage

Subject The ineffectiveness of the government's strategy for helping the indigenous poor in either tackling inequality or raising them out of poverty. Significance During a public event to mark the International Day of Indigenous Peoples on August 11, President Enrique Pena Nieto unveiled his government's so-called 'Total Coverage Strategy', which seeks to address the lack of basic services -- in particular drinking water, sanitation and electricity -- in small indigenous localities. The programme will benefit an estimated 2 million people living in 3,250 localities. The announcement came a few weeks after official figures showed that poverty -- which overwhelmingly affects the country's indigenous population -- remained largely unchanged between 2012 and 2014. Impacts The likelihood of another indigenous uprising such as that of the Zapatistas in Chiapas in 1994 remains low. Nevertheless, the government's lack of progress on indigenous issues will fuel tensions. Conflicts over investment projects and environmental issues in indigenous areas will also increase. The government will appease locals and seek votes through clientelist tactics.

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