scholarly journals Total Run-of-River type Hydropower Potential of Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghunath Jha
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Energy Estimates ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Potential Estimate ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Run Of River

The total hydropower potential of Nepal was assessed as 83,500 MW in 1966 by Dr. Hari Man Shrestha dur-ing his PhD research work in former USSR. Since then, no further study has been done in this feld. The hydropower potential estimate has been used by Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA), Water and Energy Commission Secretariat (WECS) and Department of Electricity Development (DOED) for power development, licensing and policy making. However, keeping in view recent advancements in computer technology that offer many benefits to the field of water resources and the importance of power estimation in Nepal, Dr. Shrestha’s estimate needs further review and updat-ing. The present study has mainly used the hydro-meteorological data of Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) for hydrological analysis of all the rivers in Nepal including the three big rivers, viz., Saptakoshi, Narayani and Karnali, and other medium and small rivers. Incorporating GIS and the Hydropower Model that has specifcally been developed by the author, the power potential and annual energy estimate on an run-of-the-river (ROR) basis of the entire country has been worked out. The result shows that the power potential and annual energy estimates of Na-rayani, Saptakoshi and Karnali River basins at Q40% (fow exceedence) and 80% efficiency are 17800, 17008, 15661 MW and 113373, 108817, 102324 GWh, respectively. The Mahakali River would yield only 2262 MW of hydropower and 14981 GWh of energy annually. The other water sources in Nepal would have a total power potential of 1105 MW and a combined annual energy of 7043 GWh. Thus, the total hydropower potential and corresponding annual energy capacity of Nepal on a ROR basis at Q40%, and 80% efficiency is 53,836 MW and 346538 GWh, respectively.Key words: Hydropower potential; Run-of-River (ROR); GIS; Hydropower Model; NepalDOI: 10.3126/hn.v7i0.4226Hydro Nepal Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Vol 7, July, 2010Page: 8-13Uploaded date: 31 January, 2011

scholarly journals A GIS Approach for Rapid Identification of Run-of-River (RoR) Hydropower Potential Site in Watershed: A case study of Bhote Koshi Watershed, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagendra Kayastha ◽  
Umesh Singh ◽  
Krishna Prasad Dulal
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Circular Area ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Run Of River

A new Geographical Information System (GIS) approach is proposed to assess primary potential hydropower site, explicitly identifying highly possible hydropower locations spatially, over a large area in a short time. The results from this approach were validated with an existing hydropower site in the Bhote Koshi catchment in Nepal. Altogether 885 number of searches made along the river streams each covered a circular area of radius 10 km, with distance between headwork and power houses of 500 m intervals, thus, identified 297 highly potential sites out of total 2655 during evaluation. The results indicate that, 52 sub-catchments have potential areas and seven specific hydropower locations overlapped with existing hydropower projects. This approach is suitable for initial screening only and the produced results significantly facilitate further in-depth feasibility study to engineering and economic analysis for hydropower potential of the basin. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue: 23Year: 2018

scholarly journals Kali Gandaki ‘A’ Hydroelectric Project in Environmental Perspectives

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Rajendra P. Thanju
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Hydroelectric Project ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Project Construction ◽  
Community Improvement ◽  
Operation Phase ◽  
Installed Capacity

Hydropower is one of the cleanest, renewable and environmentally benign sources of energy. Nepal is blessed with immense source of water resources and huge hydropower potential. The Kali Gandaki ‘A’ (KGA) Hydroelectric Project is the largest hydropower project constructed so far in Nepal. The project is a daily pondage type scheme with an installed capacity of 144 MW. The KGA is one of the first largest hydropower projects that has been well studied environmentally and socially in the pre-project, construction and operation stages. A full team of multi-disciplinary professionals was involved during the construction phase to monitor environmental impacts and compliance with contract clauses, and to implement the mitigation measures. Implementation of KGA in what was once considered as a remote area, has resulted in multifold beneficial impacts to the local community. Improvement of public infrastructure, enhanced educational facilities and employment of local populations, including affected families during project construction and operation phase, have enhanced the quality of rural lives. The KGA operation has contributed significantly to Nepal’s power system and has boosted the economic development of the country. Key words: Hydropower; environmental monitoring; impacts; mitigation; resettlement; Nepal Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Vol. I No. 1, 2007 pp. 15-21

scholarly journals Underground Space for Infrastructure Development and Engineering Geological Challenges in Tunneling in the Himalayas

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Krishna Kanta Panthi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Underground Caverns ◽  
Himalayan Geology ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Himalaya

Being topographically steep and consisting of many rivers originating from the glaciers of the Himalaya, Nepal is gifted in water resources. As a developing country, Nepal needs to accelerate to develop its crucial infrastructures for the economic prosperity of the nation. This is achievable by developing the enormous hydropower potential available, making short and efficient roads through the steep mountain topography, extracting mines for various purposes, and providing cost effective solutions for the storage facilities. These developments are not possible unless tunnels and underground caverns are used. Due to tectonic activity, however, the rock mass in Nepal and across the Himalayan region is somewhat different in their engineering behaviour. These differences in mechanical behaviour are mainly caused by a high degree of folding, faulting, shearing, fracturing and deep weathering. As a result, severe instability problems associated with this complex geological setup have to be faced during tunnelling. This is the major challenge to be addressed in a scientific manner in order to make tunnel option more cost effective, feasible and safer. This paper delineates the possible areas where tunnels and underground caverns are needed and may play an important role in the socio-economic development of the nation, discusses the major geological challenges faced while tunnelling, and briefly describes methodologies to be used for analysing geological uncertainties. Key words: Himalayan geology, tunnelling, Nepal Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Vol. I, Issue No. 1 (2007) pp. 43-49

scholarly journals Paraguay, Bhutan and Nepal: Landlocked but Hydropower Rich Cases of the Lame duck, Flying Goose and Sitting Duck!

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santa Bahadur Pun
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Load Shedding ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Lame Duck ◽  
Installed Capacity

Paraguay has 5.6 million people, Bhutan has 0.6 million and Nepal has 27 million, all small land locked countries with rich hydropower potential. The 12,600 MW Itaipu Project commissioned on Paraguay-Brazil border river, Parana, was the world’s largest hydropower plant until China’s Three Gorges superseded it in 2007. Paraguay’s share, half of Itaipu’s generation, is on average of about 44,000 million units annually with over 90% sold to Brazil. Nepal’s projected average annual generation from three major multipurpose projects, at Sapta Koshi, Karnali Chisapani and Pancheshwar’s 50%, totals about the same. Despite two decades of such large volume of power export, however, Paraguay remains the second poorest country in South America. Nepal, with a tiny 550 MW of hydropower capacity, is undergoing bouts of load shedding and is mired in controversies. Bhutan, with a mere export of about 1,300 MW, comprising 60% of the national revenue, has therefore been strongly recommended as the model for Nepal to replicate. If India is to maintain her 9% GDP growth rate then she will require 785,000 MW (6 times the present installed capacity) of power by 2026/27. Along with this demand for power, she will also need huge quantities of additional freshwater. While there are options for power, there are none for water. All large or small storage projects in Nepal augment water to the rivers flowing down to India. So far India’s policy has been to obtain this augmented water through Nepal’s default. Nepal needs to seriously consider why Paraguay, despite its huge export, is a lame duck while Bhutan with a tiny export is a flying goose!Key words: Power export, Karnali Chisapani, Pancheshwar, Sapta Koshi, Nepal-India Water Resources negotiations,Nepal’s default, Paraguay, Bhutandoi: 10.3126/hn.v3i0.1895Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 3, January, 2008 Page 4-8

scholarly journals Nepal’s Water Resources: Blessing or Curse ?

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Rabindra Bahadur Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Hydroelectric Project ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Democratic Nation ◽  
Economic Growth Rates ◽  
Run Of River

For half a century, Nepal has been chanting the ‘Mantra’ of 83,000 MW hydropower potential. When Nepal was in its childhood as a young democratic nation in the 1950s, India, with its vast ‘experience’ under the British colonial rule (colonial mindset), extracted lop-sided agreements on the Koshi, Gandaki and Mahakali rivers.Whereas India irrigates 12,200,000 acres of land, flood mitigates flood hazards and benefits from other intangible benefits. Nepal gets a meager 160,000 acres irrigation facility (1.3 percent of total irrigation benefits) from these unequivocal biased agreements. The adverse social and ecological impacts in Nepal are unaccounted for.Such water resource agreements have resulted in the sad present-day plight of Nepal: social life and industries are in total disarray with dismally low economic growth rates (GDP) forcing millions of Nepalese to seek employment abroad.Before it gets out of hand, India’s direct/indirect domination over Nepal’s water resources and politics should end, so that Nepal can develop its economy and hydropower in peace.Nepal should first develop run-of-river projects as per the modality of 456 MW Upper Tamakoshi Hydroelectric Project (cost 1000 US$/kWh) and medium size storage hydropower projects (140 MW Tanahu). Muddling with large storage projects like 1200 MW Budhi Gandaki HEP will only further delay the execution of RoR projects. NEA’s technical capability should be improved to build and oversee hydropower projects and INPS.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 19Page: 11- 15

scholarly journals Comparison of Modeling and Simulation results Management Micro Climate of the Greenhouse by Fuzzy Logic between a Wetland and Arid region

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Didi Faouzi ◽  
N. Bibi-Triki ◽  
B. Draoui ◽  
A. Abène
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Greenhouse Growers ◽  
Results Management

Currently the climate computer offers many benefits and solves problems related to the regulation, monitoring and controls. Greenhouse growers remain vigilant and attentive, facing this technological development. they ensure competitiveness and optimize their investments / production cost which continues to grow. The application of artificial intelligence in the industry known for considerable growth, which is not the case in the field of agricultural greenhouses, where enforcement remains timid. it is from this fact, we undertake research work in this area and conduct a simulation based on meteorological data through MATLAB Simulink to finally analyze the thermal behavior -greenhouse microclimate energy . In this paper we present comparison of modeling and simulation management of the greenhouse microclimate by fuzzy logic between a wetland  (Dar El Beida Algeria) and the other arid (Biskra Algeria).

scholarly journals Design of Low Power Transceiver on Spartan-3 and Spartan-6 FPGA

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S2) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Power Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Leakage Power ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Voltage Supply ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Eda Tools

In this research work, a low power transceiver is designed using Spartan-3 and Spartan-6 Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). In this work, a Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) device is used as a transceiver. The implementation of UART is possible with EDA tools called Xilinx 14.1 and the results of the power analysis are targeted on Spartan-3 and Spartan-6 FPGA. The variation of different power of chips that are fabricated on FPGA for e.g., Input/Output (I/O) power consumption, Leakage power dissipation, Signal power utilization, Logic power usage, and the use of Total power, is observed by changing the voltage supply. This research work shows how the change in voltage influence the power consumption of UART on Spartan-3 and Spartan-6 FPGA devices. It is observed that Spartan-6 is found to be more powerefficient as voltage supply increases.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE USAGE OF HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL BY HYDROTHERMAL POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
S. Goshovskyi ◽  
O. Zurian
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Low Grade Heat

The article contains the results of scientific research and design work related to environmentally safe usage of hydropower potential of the small rivers of the Dnieper basin. The innovative design solutions for extraction of low-grade heat energy of water and systems for its transformation into energy convenient for consumption were offered. It was established that use of renewable low-grade energy of soil is widely used in environmentally safe and economically sound power systems. At the same time hydropower potential is not widely used in hydrothermal heat pump systems. It was proved that existing hydrothermal systems are not always adjusted to actual operating conditions and object location. The evidence was provided that the scientific approach to development of appropriate configuration of hydrothermal collector, to methodology of their optimal mounting and to efficiency determination depending on operating conditions is quite topical issue. The scientific novelty of the new process approach is use of special design of water collector that has modular configuration and consists of several functionally related water sondes. The efficiency of hydrothermal system was scientifically proved. The paper describes the results of experimental research of efficiency of hydrothermal heat pump system where the low-grade heat energy of water is used as a renewable primary heating energy source for functioning of the heat pump. The authors have developed experimental hydrothermal and geothermal heat pump systems to conduct the research. Both collector and ground section of the system have mounted sensors of temperature, pressure and coolant flow velocity. The software for archiving and visualization of obtained data was developed. The research procedure was developed. As part of study, observation data were received and performance efficiency of geothermal and hydrothermal systems was calculated. The comparative analysis of energy systems depending on used renewable energy source was carried out. The conclusion was made that use of hydrothermal heat pump systems is environmentally safe. The data obtained as part of study have great scientific and applied significance for engineering of heat pump energy systems using hydropower potential of the small rivers.

Unruly Mountains: Hydropower assemblages and geological surprises in the Indian Himalayas

2021 ◽  
pp. 251484862110507
Author(s):  
Saumya Vaishnava ◽  
Jennifer Baka
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Object ◽  
Project Development ◽  
Institutional Response ◽  
Hydropower Development ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Indian Himalayas ◽  
Run Of River

Despite a decades long push to develop what is seen as the vast untapped hydropower potential of the Indian Himalayas, hydropower capacity addition has been delayed and become increasingly expensive in India. Policy documents cite “poor” geology as a major reason for these delays. As hydropower in the form of run-of-river projects expand into the Himalayas, their construction activities encounter poor geology more frequently. This paper analyses hydropower development as an assemblage and examines how risk, especially geological risk, is negotiated to allow hydropower development to continue in the Indian Himalayas. We show how the category of “geological surprises” emerges as an institutional response to the problems of run-of-river based hydropower development in a seismically vulnerable landscape. We further show how “geological surprises” act as a boundary object between hydropower policy, project development, infrastructural finance, and hydropower knowledge, allowing for cooperation and negotiation, to allow hydropower development to continue in the geologically complex Himalayas.

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