scholarly journals Comparison of hypertonic saline-sodium hydroxide method with modified Petroff’s method for the decontamination and concentration of sputum samples

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Chaudhary ◽  
B Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Difference

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is one of the major health problems particularly in developing countries. For definitive diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis identification of tubercle bacilli in sputum by microscopy and culture is essential. For decontamination and concentration of sputum, the commonly used method in the laboratory is Modified Petroff’s method but the Hypertonic saline–sodium hydroxide (HS-SH) method is known to be better for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by culture. This study was aimed to compare a novel method for the improvement of decontamination and concentration of sputum samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 confirmed smear positive sputum samples from pulmonary TB patients who visited at St. John’s Medical College and Hospital during 2009 to 2010, were processed for the decontamination process. Each sample was decontaminated by Modified Petroff’s and HS-SH method separately. Treated samples were cultured in Lowenstein-Jensen media in microbiology laboratory. RESULTS: The culture positive percents of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the L-J medium treated with HS-SH and Modified Petroff’s method were 84.0% and 70.0%, respectively. A notable feature is that by HS-SH method more samples were positive by 4th week, statistically significant (Chi- square value-11.26 with p-value < 0.05) compare to Modified Petroff’s method. The difference for 3+ grades of L-J growths found slightly higher by Modified Petroff’s method but at lower grades of growths HS-SH method performed better. CONCLUSIONS: HS-SH method is better for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by culture when compared with the Modified Petroff’s method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8664   Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(3):78-81

scholarly journals Novel hypertonic saline–sodium hydroxide (HS–SH) method for decontamination and concentration of sputum samples for Mycobacterium tuberculosis microscopy and culture

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1094-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Ganoza ◽  
Jessica N. Ricaldi ◽  
José Chauca ◽  
Gabriel Rojas ◽  
César Munayco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Direct Smear ◽  
Sputum Microscopy ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen

This study evaluated a new decontamination and concentration (DC) method for sputum microscopy and culture. Sputum samples from patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) (n=106) were tested using the proposed hypertonic saline–sodium hydroxide (HS–SH) DC method, the recommended N-acetyl-l-cysteine–sodium citrate–sodium hydroxide (NALC-NaOH) DC method and unconcentrated direct smear (Ziehl–Neelsen) techniques for the presence of mycobacteria using Löwenstein-Jensen culture and light microscopy. Of 94 valid specimens, 21 (22.3 %) were positive in culture and were further characterized as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The sensitivity for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smears was increased from 28.6 % using the direct method to 71.4 % (HS–SH) and 66.7 % (NALC-NaOH) using DC methods. Both concentration techniques were highly comparable for culture (kappa=0.794) and smear (kappa=0.631) for AFB. Thus the proposed HS–SH DC method improved the sensitivity of AFB microscopy compared with a routine unconcentrated direct smear; its performance was comparable to that of the NALC-NaOH DC method for AFB smears and culture, but it was methodologically simpler and less expensive, making it a promising candidate for evaluation by national TB control programmes in developing countries.

scholarly journals ULTRASOUND PREDICTABILITY OF LOWER UTERINE SEGMENT CESAREAN SECTION SCAR THICKNESS

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Madhu Kumari ◽  
Kumari Bibha ◽  
Abha Sinha ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Uterine Scar ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Given

Objective: The objective of this study is to find out association between scar thickness, assessed sonographically, and intraoperative findings (IOF). Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar from June 2019 to May 2020. Methodology: A total of 70 pregnant patients were included in this study. Transabdominal ultrasound was done for scarred uteri. Sonographic findings were co-related with introperative findings. All the given data were entered on SPSS version 23. Age was expressed as mean ± SD. Parity, gestational age, and interval between cesarean sections were expressed as frequencies with percentages. Statistical analysis was done by using Chi-square test for categorical data for association between sonographic scar thickness and intraoperative findings. The statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results: The age range of the patients was 20- 36 years with a mean of 27.91 ±3.690 years. Gestational age at the time of cesarean section was between 27-40 weeks of gestation with a mean of 37 ±2.126 weeks. The interval from previous cesarean was 10 months at the minimum, and 6 years at the maximum with a mean of 2.29 ±1.0 months. Mean scar thickness was 2.5 mm. Association between scar thickness (<1-3 mm) and intaoperative findings of dehiscence and rupture showed a p-value of <0.001. Conclusion: Sonographic assessment of a uterine scar has a practical application to determine the thickness of previous scar, and assess its integrity.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Specificity, Sensitivity and Accuracy of Goniometry Method Compared to Tape Method for Measuring Trunk Mobility in Normal Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Purvi Patel
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spine Mobility ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Normal Adults

Measurement of lumbar range of motion (LROM) is a routine method in the examination of patients with low back pain. There is no standard technique which may be used to accurately describe the range of motion in the different plane. So in present study, an attempt has been made to compare goniometric measurement with tape measurement for its sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for measuring spine mobility in normal adults. In this cross sectional study, 137 healthy adults between the ages of 18-26 years of age were included consecutively and assessed using Tape method and goniometry for trunk mobility in all planes (sagittal, frontal and transverse). The association of goniometry with tape method was assessed using chi square test. The study showed that the difference between goniometry and tape method was statistically significant (p value <0.05) for all movements except flexion (p value 0.215). Also the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of goniometry is not as good as tape method except for flexion compared to tape method. So, from this study we can conclude that Goniometry was not as good as tape method for all movements except forward flexion where both can be equally used.

VOMITING

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1887-1891
Author(s):  
Malik Jamil Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Nasir ◽  
Aamir Furqan
Keyword(s):  
Computer Software ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Postoperative Vomiting ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Oral Ketamine ◽  
The Difference

Objectives: To investigate whether the addition of dexamethasone and chloropheniramine to oral ketamine premedication affects the incidence of postoperative vomiting. Study Design: Randomized control trail. Setting: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Period: March 2016 to March 2017. Methodology: After obtaining ethical approval ethical and review board of hospital. Data was entered in a computer software SPSS version 23.1 and analyzed for possible variables. Continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviation like age, weight, sedation time, anesthesia time, admission time and PACU time. Categorical variables were presented as gender, ASA statusand postoperative vomiting. Student test and chi square test was applied to see association of outcome variable. P value of 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Overall, 100% (n=80) patients were included in this study, both genders. The study group was further divided into twoequal groups, 50% (n=40) in each, i.e. Group K (Ketamine) group and group KD (Ketamine-Dexamethasone). The main outcome variable of this study was postoperative vomiting. In this study, Postoperative vomiting observed in 35% (n=10) and 10% (n=4) patients, for group K and group KD respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.007). Conclusion: Addition of dexamethasone and chloropheniramine with ketamine as premedication reduce the incidence of postoperative vomiting.

scholarly journals The Effect of Body Mass Index (BMI) on Vital Capacity: A Study of Corelation Between Body Mass Index and Mean Forced Vital Capacity

2021 ◽  
pp. 783-785
Author(s):  
Dr. Ajay Kumar Mishra ◽  
Dr. Prabhat Kumar Budholia
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Function Test ◽  
And Training

Obesity is a major health problem of excessive adipose tissue accumulation in body which leads to problem in Asian countries like India as a result of rapidly changing life style which involves consumption of calorie rich food with lack of physical activities. While the complication of obesity such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and osteoarthritis are well known, but less emphasis is traditionally placed on the effects of obesity on the respiratory system. Obesity is responsible for lessening the lung volume and capacities by reducing both lung and chest wall acquiescence and also there is an increase in resistance to outflow of air through the airways. Purpose of present study is to establish a relationship between Forced Vital Capacity and Body Mass Index (BMI). The present study was undertaken in department of Physiology in Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur MP in year 2018. The subjects comprised of both male and female 50 individuals came to Physiology department for Pulmonary function test from other departments of the college. After explaining and training the subjects Spirometry of all individuals was done by Computerised Spirometer in well ventilated room, after written consent in Department of Physiology. Tools used in present study were chi square, t-test etc.

scholarly journals Foetomaternal outcome in multifoetal pregnancy in a tertiary rural teaching hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Sneha Gond ◽  
Partha Pratim Sharma ◽  
Narra Madhuri ◽  
Kasturi Barman
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Nicu Admission ◽  
Rural Teaching

Background: Aim of the study was to find out foeto-maternal outcome of multifoetal pregnancy in relation to chorionicity and to analyse the associated risk factors.Methods: This study was a prospective observational study on multifoetal pregnancy conducted at Midnapore medical college and hospital. Statistical analysis was done by chi-square test and statistical significance was set at p-value<0.05.Results: Incidence of multifoetal pregnancy was 1.7%. Modal age group was 20-24 years age and 82% conceived spontaneously. Among chorionicity, Dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) were 60% followed by 34% Monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA), 4% Monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) and 2% Trichorionic triamniotic (TCTA). Among maternal complications preterm labour were present in both twins and triplets followed by anemia. LSCS was required in 60.8 % of twins and common indication was malpresentation. Majority of MC and TC were delivered at gestational age of 31-33 weeks (47.1% MCDA, 50% MCMA and 60% TCTA) and dichorionic delivered at 34-36 week (48.7%). Statistical association between neonatal outcomes and chorionicity were significant in IUGR (p=<0.0001), stillbirth (p=0.0356), congenital anomalies (p=0.0017), discordant growth (p<0.0001), Apgar score <7 (p<0.0001), low birth weight (p=0.014), live birth (p≤0.0001) and NICU admission (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Maternal and perinatal outcome was significant in monochorionic and trichorionic pregnancies compared to dichorionic pregnancies with increased NICU admissions required in monochorionic and trichorionic gestations.

scholarly journals Screening and Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer: Assessment of Knowledge and Practical Abilities of Final Year Nursing and Midwifery Students in Health Schools of Ouagadougou

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Nayi Zongo ◽  
Sanon/Lompo Marthe Sandrine ◽  
Bambara H. Aboubacar ◽  
Soma Chantal ◽  
Bambara Augustin Tozoula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Study Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Difference

The Objective was to assess the knowledge and practical abilities of final year nursing and midwifery students in health schools of Ouagadougou relating to screening and early diagnosis of breast cancer. This is a cross-sectional, prospective and descriptive observational study conducted from 1st November 2014 to 31st January 2015. A sample of 403 students was used for this study. Data were collected using an individual questionaire and were typed on Epi data and then analyzed on SPSS software. Chi-square tests were used to compare the different proportions. The difference is considered to be significant if p value < 0.05. Three hundred and ninety nine students filled the questionnaire, i.e. a rate of non-respondents of 1%. All students were aware of the existence of breast cancer. The media (47.8%) was the main source of information. The level of knowledge of students was satisfactory with frequencies of 83.9% for risk factors; 91.6% for clinical signs; 83.4 % for screening methods and 88.1% for therapeutic terms of breast cancers. However, focus should be put on the teaching of cancerology and the supervision of students during internship, must be reinforced. These results attest that the level of students in the knowledge and practical abilities concerning screening and early diagnosis of breast cancer is satisfactory.

scholarly journals Lactulose versus lactitol in acute hepatic encephalopathy (HE).

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (08) ◽  
pp. 1595-1601
Author(s):  
Shahid Rasool ◽  
Salman Azhar ◽  
Talha Munir ◽  
Mian Sajjad Ahmad ◽  
Rizwan Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a syndrome observed in some patients with cirrhosis, with depressed level of consciousness. Lactulose as well as lactitol has been used in the treatment of HE. Lactitol is comparable to lactulose in the treatment of HE with fewer side effects and better tolerated. However, literature showed equal efficacy of both drugs. So we conducted this trial to find better drug to implement its use in future. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of lactulose and lactitol in patients with acute hepatic encephalopathy. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Department of Medicine OPD and Emergency (East, West, North, South), Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Period: 6 Months June 2017 to Dec 2017. Material & Methods: 570 patients were included through non-probability, consecutive sampling after informed consent. Initial grade of HE was assessed and patients were randomly divided in two groups by using lottery method i.e. lactulose or lactitol. Patients were admitted to ward for management and kept under observation for 5 days. After 5 days, HE grades was measured again, then improvement in grade of HE (effectiveness) was measured. All data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 21.0. Chi-square was applied to compare both groups for effectiveness taking p-value≤0.05 as significant. Results: In this study the mean age of the patients was 44.22 ±11.81 years, the male to female ratio of the patients was 2.4:1. The mean duration of the cirrhosis of the patients was 3.73±1.61 months. In our study the effectiveness was achieved in 538 (94.39%) patients, out of which 263 cases were from lactulose group and 275 were from lactitol group and the difference was significant (p<0.0.5). Conclusion: Our study results concluded that Lactitol is better choice for the treatment of patients with acute hepatic encephalopathy as compared to lactulose. More efficacy was achieved in lactitol group patients than in lactulose group patients.

scholarly journals PENGARUH DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP MOTIVASI UNTUK SEMBUH PADA PASIEN TB PARU DI PUSKESMAS KRAMAT JATI JAKARTA TIMUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
Nurma Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probability Sampling

Tuberculosis paru merupakan suatu penyakit infeksi yang menular dan disebabkan oleh kuman TB (mycobacterium tuberculosis). penyakit TB paru dapat diderita oleh siapa saja, orang dewasa atau anak-anak dan dapat mengenai seluruh organ tubuh kita manapun, walaupun yang terbanyak adalah organ paru. dukungan keluarga merupakan salah satu pengaruh dalam memotivasi pasien TB paru untuk cepat sembuh dari penyakit. tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah teridentifikasinya hubungan dukungan keluarga terhadap motivasi untuk sembuh pada penderita TB paru di puskesmas kramat jati. penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desin deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. jumlah sampel 55 responden dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik non probability sampling melalui tekhnik convinent sampling. hasil analisis menggunakan korelasi uji chi square menunjukan tidak ada pengaruh dukungan keluarga terhadap motivasi  (p value = 0,886, alpha = 0,10). variabel confounding terhadap pengaruh motivasi untuk sembuh pada pasien TB paru adalah umur didapatkan nilai p value = 0,01 pada alpha 5%, jenis kelamin nilai p value = 0,471, tingkat pendidikan didapatkan nilai p value = 0,001 dan pekerjaan didapatkan nilai p value = 0,03. berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu meningkatkan motivasi intrinsik pasien dengan membangun kesadaran untuk berobat.petugas kesehatan agar melakukan penyuluhan tentang pentingnya pengobatan  untuk memotivasi pasien agar cepat sembuh serta lebih mengaktifkan peran PMO.  Kata Kunci : Dukungan Keluarga, Motivasi Sembuh, umur, pekerjaan

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