scholarly journals Urban Energy Scenario of Household Sector in Bhaktapur Municipality for Sustainable Energy Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar K.C. ◽  
Amrit Man Nakarmi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Energy Growth ◽  
Energy Scenario ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Business As Usual

This study aims to analyse energy scenarios of Bhaktapur Municipality through primary data survey of 165 houses as a function of household's characteristics. Three scenarios are considered business-as-usual (BAU), Sustainable Energy scenario (SED) and Accelerated Growth Scenario (AGS). BAU, SED and AGS show an expected energy growth at annual rates of4.08%, 3.71% and 4.01%; with economic growth of 4.6%, 7.0% and 9.2% respectively. Whereas, the electricity consumption per household in the SEDand AGS are 3,840KWh and 4,698KWh respectively, lies in tier-5 as per SDG. Fuel imported cost NRs. 471 million and NRs. 523 million can be saved in SED and AGS Scenarios respectively as compare to BAU scenario. Overall, under all three scenarios, it was found that total GHG emission in 2018 was 7.59 kilotons to nil in 2030 for SED and AGS.Furthermore,NPV value in AGS and SED scenarios are in negative value which means both scenarios is economically viable.

scholarly journals Energy Scenario of Three Wheeler Electric and Gasoline Vehicle in Hetauda

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Sabina Uprety ◽  
Ram Chandra Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Energy Scenario ◽  
Hydropower Resource ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Petroleum Fuels

The global shifting away from petroleum fuels and towards more renewable energy sources has resulted in a significant progress in favor of vehicle electrification. The uptake of electric vehicle in the existing fleet of vehicles has positive impacts in the reduction of emissions and reduces the carbon footprints by moving in to greener transport. Nepal is a hydropower resource rich developing country; it can use its clean source of hydroelectricity for public transport electrification. Use of hydroelectricity for transport electrification can help to reduce the dependence on petroleum fuels with significant environmental benefits. This study aims to analyse energy scenarios of Hetauda through primary data survey of 4086 three wheeler as 1874 and 2212 as gasoline and electric respectively. Three scenarios are considered business-as-usual (BAU), ETRM 100 (100% electric tempo replacement)and ETRM 75 (75% electric tempo replacement). Energy demand of Hetauda is 230.4TJ and will be increased to 333.5TJ for the accounting year 2018 and 2035 respectively.

scholarly journals A comprehensive review of energy scenario and sustainable energy in Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 100015
Author(s):  
Mohammed Takase ◽  
Rogers Kipkoech ◽  
Paul Kwame Essandoh
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Energy Scenario

scholarly journals Prediction of greenhouse gas emission from municipal solid waste for South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-469
Author(s):  
Kanchan Popli ◽  
Jeejae Lim ◽  
Hyeon Kyeong Kim ◽  
Young Min Kim ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Tuu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Business As Usual

This study is proposing a System Dynamics Model for estimating Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission from treating Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in South Korea for years 2000 to 2030. The government of country decided to decrease the total GHG emission from waste sector in 2030 as per Business-as-usual level. In context, four scenarios are generated to predict GHG emission from treating the MSW with three processes i.e., landfill, incineration and recycling. For prior step, MSW generation rate is projected for present and future case using population and waste generation per capita data. It is found that population and total MSW are directly correlated. The total population will increase to 56.27 million and total MSW will be 21.59 million tons in 2030. The methods for estimating GHG emission from landfill, incineration and recycling are adopted from IPCC, 2006 guidelines. The study indicates that Scenario 2 is best to adopt for decreasing the total GHG emission in future where recycling waste is increased to 75% and landfill waste is decreased to 7.6%. Lastly, it is concluded that choosing proper method for treating the MSW in country can result into savings of GHG emission.

scholarly journals Geospatial Distribution of Public Secondary in Gombe Local Government Area, Gombe State of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Yila Caiaphas Makadi ◽  
Abecca Stephen Sati ◽  
Ismail Dankaka
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public Secondary School ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Senior Secondary

The paper reviews research tradition of accessibility level and spatial distribution of student in public secondary school in gombe local government area, Gombe state. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data was collected using questionnaire and a hand-held GPS receiver to capture the coordinate points of schools and other relevant data. Secondary data include administrative map, population figures of both students and Teachers, Names and addresses of the secondary schools in the study area. The data were analyzed using geographic information techniques. From the data survey carried out, the result of the analysis showed the accessibility level and spatial distribution of school in Gombe were seventeen (17) public senior secondary and total number of students were nineteen thousand and eleven (19,011). The nearest neighbor analysis (NNA) for the spatial pattern of school were carried out based on each ward in study area which as ten (10) wards in each ward revealed two major spatial distributions. The spatial pattern of the Gombe LGA has Nearest Neighbour Ratio (NNR): 3.385087, Bolari East ward with NNR: 3.385087 and Shamaki wards NNR: 1.600148, which showed dispersed pattern, while Jekada Fari ward with NNR: 0.214890, Pantami ward with NNR: 0.226863, and Herwo Gana wards with NNR: 0.185239, were showed clustered pattern. The nearest neighbor index shows clustered pattern for all the wards in the local government area except Bolari East and Shamaki wards that has dispersed pattern of distribution. The implication of these two patterns means that accessibility is poor in the study area. Students travel than normal to overcome the function of distance.

scholarly journals Assessing the quality of collaboration towards the achievement of Sustainable Energy Innovation in PFI school projects

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulafa M. Badi ◽  
Stephen D Pryke
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy Innovation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the quality of collaboration towards Sustainable Energy Innovation (SEI) in Private Finance Initiative (PFI) projects. While the capacity of PFI to encourage collaboration towards innovation is largely advocated by its proponents; however, it remains to be supported by empirical evidence. Design/methodology/approach – Adopting the Complex Product System (CoPS) innovation management model, the authors assess the quality of collaboration at the interface between the innovation superstructure of public sector clients and users, and the innovation infrastructure of private sector designers, contractors and operators. Two interactional elements are examined upon which the quality of collaboration is assessed: openness of communication and alignment of objectives. The authors apply the model to four new-built PFI school projects within the context of the UK government Building Schools for the Future Programme. Semi-structured interviews with total of 50 key stakeholders were used as the primary data collection method. Findings – PFI has introduced a number of problematic issues weakening collaborative efforts towards innovation in the project environment. Particularly, the study underlines the restricting internal contractual relationships within the integrated Project Company and the misalignment of Design-Construction-Operation sustainability objectives. It also highlights ineffective communication with public sector clients and users brought in by the restricted nature of PFI engagement processes as well as the misalignment of public sector-private sector sustainability objectives. Research limitations/implications – The qualitative nature of the chosen research methodology limits the ability to generalise. The research findings need to be confirmed or rejected by means of quantitative research as representative of all PFI projects. Practical implications – The study emphasizes the public authority’s role in relation to providing the necessary conditions for the creation of a collaborative environment conducive to SEI in PFI projects. Originality/value – The study was able to expand the understanding of innovation and collaboration management processes in PFI projects in three respects: First, addressing the limited attention to innovation in PFI research, the study is the first to examine the quality of collaboration in PFI projects towards the implementation SEI. Second, examining the quality of collaboration in PFI projects through the lens of CoPS provides a new understanding of sustainability innovation and strongly indicates that the CoPS model should be expanded to account for the dynamics of innovation processes in the procurement of sustainable CoPS. Third, the explorative nature of the study was useful in generating research hypotheses that can form the basis for future research on SEI in PFI projects.

scholarly journals A Sustainable Energy Scenario for the United States: Year 2050

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 3650-3680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Tonn ◽  
Paul Frymier ◽  
Jared Graves ◽  
Jessa Meyers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Scenario

scholarly journals Energy Security and Scenario Analysis of Province No. 1 of Federal Republic Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
Sujan Dulal ◽  
Shree Raj Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Security Indicators ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Intervention Scenario

This paper presents the current energy security status of the province No.1 of Nepal using numerous indicators. In addition to that, with the development of six economic growth scenarios i.e. Business As Usual (BAU), Low growth (LOW), High growth (HIG), Accelerated growth (ACC), Normal growth (NOR) and Intervention scenario (INT), the future energy mix and energy security indicators for the year 2040 are also calculated. The paper also gives an overview of the variation/progress of the different indicators during the considered period of study. The study shows that the, energy intensity in the intervention scenario is brought down to 4.44 GJ/$1000 compared to that of 15 GJ/$1000. Also, the electricity consumption per capita is increased to 574 kWh from 116 in the base year. However, these values are only achieved if the provincial government helps implementing central government's plan of promoting the electrical systems instead of traditional fuel woods and fossil fuels system.

Influence of segmentation factors on leaflet distribution

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Michaela Jánská ◽  
Petra Olšová
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Gender Status ◽  
Distribution Process ◽  
Data Survey

Abstract In marketing communication it is important to know what and how to inform the customer, it means to know the target audience, where it is located and how it is possible to reach it. The most commonly used form of addressing the customer in the retail is a leaflet action. This article aims to highlight the use of segmentation aspects by retail in the selected region for the best implementation of selected communication mix - direct marketing. An analysis of secondary data - professional literature and studies dealing with the meaning of communication in the company, specifically marketing communication with a focus on direct marketing in the retail – was executed to fulfil the objectives of the article. Results from a questionnaire survey that examined the influence of spatial data on the purchasing behaviour of customers in Ústí nad Labem - City will be used as primary data. Survey results indicate the fact that it was necessary to collect spatial data on the segment. A selected market was examined in the questionnaire survey mainly in terms of geography and demography and impact of these criteria on the leaflet distribution process application. Geographical segmentation provided information on the spatial distribution of retail shops in the city. Socio-demographic segmentation offered information about age, gender, status, and education of customers who shop in the supermarkets.

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