scholarly journals Energy Scenario of Three Wheeler Electric and Gasoline Vehicle in Hetauda

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Sabina Uprety ◽  
Ram Chandra Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Energy Scenario ◽  
Hydropower Resource ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Petroleum Fuels

The global shifting away from petroleum fuels and towards more renewable energy sources has resulted in a significant progress in favor of vehicle electrification. The uptake of electric vehicle in the existing fleet of vehicles has positive impacts in the reduction of emissions and reduces the carbon footprints by moving in to greener transport. Nepal is a hydropower resource rich developing country; it can use its clean source of hydroelectricity for public transport electrification. Use of hydroelectricity for transport electrification can help to reduce the dependence on petroleum fuels with significant environmental benefits. This study aims to analyse energy scenarios of Hetauda through primary data survey of 4086 three wheeler as 1874 and 2212 as gasoline and electric respectively. Three scenarios are considered business-as-usual (BAU), ETRM 100 (100% electric tempo replacement)and ETRM 75 (75% electric tempo replacement). Energy demand of Hetauda is 230.4TJ and will be increased to 333.5TJ for the accounting year 2018 and 2035 respectively.

scholarly journals Evaluating Logistics Performances of Agricultural Prunings for Energy Production: A Logistics Audit Analysis Approach

Logistics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Techane Bosona ◽  
Girma Gebresenbet
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Rooted Tree ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Logistics Systems ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Detailed Assessment

The utilization of agricultural prunings as renewable energy sources requires effective and efficient logistics systems. The objective of this paper was to map out logistics activities along the agricultural pruning-to-energy (PtE) value chains. It describes the logistics performances based on the existing and potential pruning biomass supply chains focusing on prunings from fruit tree, vineyards, olive groove, and up-rooted tree branches. A logistics audit analysis approach has been used for detailed assessment of logistics performances. The analysis was based mainly on primary data gathered using a structured data survey format targeting the existing and potential PtE initiatives in Spain, Germany, Denmark, France, and Poland. The analysis considered the major stages of the chain, such as pruning, harvesting, processing (e.g., baling and chipping), storage, transport, and the linkage between the different stages. The paper identified the constraints along the logistics chain and recommended appropriate interventions to promote the marketing of agricultural pruning focusing on the supply of quality bales and chips for renewable energy production, and to increase the sustainability of renewable energy generation from PtE initiatives. The study has indicated that there are economic, social, and environmental benefits of PtE initiatives, as well as opportunities to increase the implementation and sustainability of the system.

scholarly journals Urban Energy Scenario of Household Sector in Bhaktapur Municipality for Sustainable Energy Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar K.C. ◽  
Amrit Man Nakarmi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Energy Growth ◽  
Energy Scenario ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Business As Usual

This study aims to analyse energy scenarios of Bhaktapur Municipality through primary data survey of 165 houses as a function of household's characteristics. Three scenarios are considered business-as-usual (BAU), Sustainable Energy scenario (SED) and Accelerated Growth Scenario (AGS). BAU, SED and AGS show an expected energy growth at annual rates of4.08%, 3.71% and 4.01%; with economic growth of 4.6%, 7.0% and 9.2% respectively. Whereas, the electricity consumption per household in the SEDand AGS are 3,840KWh and 4,698KWh respectively, lies in tier-5 as per SDG. Fuel imported cost NRs. 471 million and NRs. 523 million can be saved in SED and AGS Scenarios respectively as compare to BAU scenario. Overall, under all three scenarios, it was found that total GHG emission in 2018 was 7.59 kilotons to nil in 2030 for SED and AGS.Furthermore,NPV value in AGS and SED scenarios are in negative value which means both scenarios is economically viable.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Maize-Germ Oil Production and The Use of Bioenergy to Mitigate Environmental Impacts: A Gate-To-Gate Case Study

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattias Gaglio ◽  
Elena Tamburini ◽  
Francesco Lucchesi ◽  
Vassilis Aschonitis ◽  
Anna Atti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
The Impact

The need to reduce the environmental impacts of the food industry is increasing together with the dramatic increment of global food demand. Circulation strategies such as the exploitation of self-produced renewable energy sources can improve ecological performances of industrial processes. However, evidence is needed to demonstrate and characterize such environmental benefits. This study assessed the environmental performances of industrial processing of maize edible oil, whose energy provision is guaranteed by residues biomasses. A gate-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach was applied for a large-size factory of Northern Italy to describe: (i) the environmental impacts related to industrial processing and (ii) the contribution of residue-based bioenergy to their mitigation, through the comparison with a reference system based on conventional energy. The results showed that oil refinement is the most impacting phase for almost all the considered impact categories. The use of residue-based bioenergy was found to drastically reduce the emissions for all the impact categories. Moreover, Cumulative Energy Demand analysis revealed that the use of biomass residues increased energy efficiency through a reduction of the total energy demand of the industrial process. The study demonstrates that the exploitation of residue-based bioenergy can be a sustainable solution to improve environmental performances of the food industry, while supporting circular economy.

scholarly journals Harnessing Renewable Energy at Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education – A Role Model Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelakandan T.R. ◽  
Pandiyarajan V ◽  
Shasi Anand Sridharan ◽  
Nagaraj Ramrao
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The Impact

Global energy demand and environmental concerns are the driving force for the use of alternative sustainable and ecofriendly renewable energy sources. Solar energy is the inexhaustible and CO2 emission free energy source worldwide. It produces significant environmental benefits in comparison to the conventional energy sources, thus contributing to the sustainable development of human activities. It produces clean and renewable power from the sun and benefits the environment without causing air and water pollution. Alternatives to fossil fuels reduce carbon foot print across the globe reducing emission of greenhouse gases and become ecofriendly. Solar power has attracted the largest share of new investments in solar energy across the world. This research article shows light on the solar energy sources developed by Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (KARE) for the effective utilization of solar energy in the campus and its impact on the reduction in carbon foot print and also the impact of green vegetation as a source of carbon sink for an ecofriendly campus.

scholarly journals The Environmental Analysis of Polymers Process

2018 ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Altuwair
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Environmental Performance Assessment ◽  
Business As Usual

The chemical industrial processes with their energy-intensive production methods and unpleasant image have become “business as usual”. Polycarbonate (PC) is one example of energy intensive methods that has become one of the largest industrial processes. Moreover, a large number of hazardous chemicals are used throughout its manufacturing stages. This study is concerned with environmental aspects of PC production. It investigates life cycle based environmental performance evaluation of supercritical fluid (SCF) Application to PC production, more specifically in i) Environmental performance assessment of SFC as chlorinating alternative and ii) Environmental performance assessment of plasticizing scenario as stabilizing step in the PC production. The advantages of using SCF are tied to the cleaner aspects of the technology, minimization of raw materials and energy demand, reduction of emissions and effluent discharge into the environment and maximization of environmental benefits. Environmental performance of polycarbonates production by SCF was compared with that of traditional production methods. It was observed that supercritical fluid technology has an impact on the emissions reduction compared with traditional methods. This research contributes to understanding the challenges that the industry of polycarbonate production will face in the future where the chemical emissions are increased resulting from production and energy consumptions.

scholarly journals Socio-economic and environmental benefits of biofuel production development from agricultural waste in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Natalia Pryshliak ◽  
Dina Tokarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Production Development ◽  
Energy Needs

AbstractEnergy needs are determined by three main factors: population growth, the economic development of society, and the scientific and technical level of production processes. These needs are increasing year by year in the world and in 2018 they exceeded 13.5 billion tons of oil equivalent. More and more countries are developing and implementing plans and strategies for significant coverage, within 50-100%, of their energy needs through renewable energy sources. The findings of this study revealed that Ukraine’s energy demand per year is 200 million tons of oil equivalent of energy resources. Currently, the share of renewable energy in the structure of energy consumption in Ukraine is 4.4%. The authors also acknowledged that at the same time, 115 million tons of agricultural plant waste and about 97 million tons of animal waste are generated annually in Ukraine, which makes it possible to produce 7.21 million tons of oil equivalent and 2.2 million tons of oil equivalent, respectively from these. The study found that the production of biofuels from agricultural waste will have social, economic and environmental effects. An efficiency matrix was constructed by the authors to determine these effects. Using the SWOT method of analysis, factors that will affect the development of biofuel production from agricultural waste were determined.

scholarly journals The Role of Bioeconomy in the Future Energy Scenario: A State-of-the-Art Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Martina Perišić ◽  
Ernest Barceló ◽  
Katarina Dimic-Misic ◽  
Monireh Imani ◽  
Vesna Spasojević Brkić
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Energy Scenario ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The One

The bioeconomy aims at decreasing reliance on fossil fuels, preventing or reducing climate change, eliminating insecurity, and efficiently using resources; however, fierce controversy exists on conceivable pathways to accomplish these objectives. The transport sector alone, which encompasses all other industrial sectors, has grown with regard to its energy demand by 50% over the past 30 years. The aim of this paper is to promote a dialogue as to whether an economy based on biomass can be more sustainable than today’s existing economies, considering that the economy needs to expand and be boosted, while creating a cascading and recycling system. This semi-systematic review paper discusses four research questions based on findings from the last 20 years: (i) What are the crucial issues in the ongoing debate on the development of a sustainable bioeconomy concept? (ii) Where are the major conflicting points and focuses? (iii) How does the bioeconomy follow current urbanization and land-abandonment trends? (iv) How will the crisis linked to the COVID-19 pandemic change these previous scenarios? As it is not easy to currently predict which pathway will be the most effective, whether it be the one taken as of now or a specific novel pathway, this article recommends following a strategy that is diverse regarding its approaches to shaping the bioeconomy and further funding of renewable energy sources, along with the involvement of urban planning. In addition, conclusions are validated through a questionnaire completed by 51 experts in the field.

scholarly journals Modelling the Business-As-Usual Energy Scenario for the Albanian Household Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 864-869
Author(s):  
Altin Maraj
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Household Sector ◽  
Energy Scenario ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Analysis Platform

This paper shows the results obtained from the development of the Business-as-Usual Scenario for the household sector in Albania. Actually, this sector is the biggest consumer of electricity with 48% of the total provided in the last year. The modelling of the energy system is achieved through the utilization of the Low Emissions Analysis Platform. The performed analysis refers to a long-term period and is extended till 2050. Firstly, the tool is employed to forecast annual data for the population, economy, precipitation and average temperature. Secondly, the tool provided results related to the energy demand, GHG emissions and the fuel share referring to the household sector. The obtained results obtained from the simulation offer a clear view regarding the household sector in Albania in the future. For the year 2050, results that the energy demand in the household sector will rise to 1.449 MTOE/year and the electricity will provide 45.42 % of it. Also, the GHG emissions in the same year will be 3.348 Mt CO2,eq/year. It is noticed that biomass contribution in GHG emissions will be 76.9%.

Direct ammonia fueled solid oxide fuel cells: A comprehensive review on challenges, opportunities and future outlooks

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Asmare ◽  
Mustafa Ilbas
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Green Fuel

Nowadays, the most decisive challenges we are fronting are perfectly clean energy making for equitable and sustainable modern energy access, and battling the emerging alteration of the climate. This is because, carbon-rich fuels are the fundamental supply of utilized energy for strengthening human society, and it will be sustained in the near future. In connection with this, electrochemical technologies are an emerging and domineering tool for efficiently transforming the existing scarce fossil fuels and renewable energy sources into electric power with a trivial environmental impact. Compared with conventional power generation technologies, SOFC that operate at high temperature is emerging as a frontrunner to convert the fuels chemical energy into electric power and permits the deployment of varieties of fuels with negligible ecological destructions. According to this critical review, direct ammonia is obtained as a primary possible choice and price-effective green fuel for T-SOFCs. This is because T-SOFCs have higher volumetric power density, mechanically stable, and high thermal shocking resistance. Also, there is no sealing issue problem which is the chronic issues of the planar one. As a result, the toxicity of ammonia to use as a fuel is minimized if there may be a leakage during operation. It is portable and manageable that can be work everywhere when there is energy demand. Besides, manufacturing, onboard hydrogen deposition, and transportation infrastructure connected snags of hydrogen will be solved using ammonia. Ammonia is a low-priced carbon-neutral source of energy and has more stored volumetric energy compared with hydrogen. Yet, to utilize direct NH3 as a means of hydrogen carrier and an alternative green fuel in T-SOFCs practically determining the optimum operating temperatures, reactant flow rates, electrode porosities, pressure, the position of the anode, thickness and diameters of the tube are still requiring further improvement. Therefore, mathematical modeling ought to be developed to determine these parameters before planning for experimental work. Also, a performance comparison of AS, ES, and CS- T-SOFC powered with direct NH3 will be investigated and best-performed support will be carefully chosen for practical implementation and an experimental study will be conducted for verification based on optimum parameter values obtained from numerical modeling.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of a Novel Hydrogen-Based Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Both Grid-Tied and Off-Grid Power Supply in Japan: The Case of Fukushima Prefecture

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Takatsu ◽  
Hooman Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Integrated Simulation ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy System ◽  
Renewable Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy

After the Great East Japan Earthquake, energy security and vulnerability have become critical issues facing the Japanese energy system. The integration of renewable energy sources to meet specific regional energy demand is a promising scenario to overcome these challenges. To this aim, this paper proposes a novel hydrogen-based hybrid renewable energy system (HRES), in which hydrogen fuel can be produced using both the methods of solar electrolysis and supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of biomass feedstock. The produced hydrogen is considered to function as an energy storage medium by storing renewable energy until the fuel cell converts it to electricity. The proposed HRES is used to meet the electricity demand load requirements for a typical household in a selected residential area located in Shinchi-machi in Fukuoka prefecture, Japan. The techno-economic assessment of deploying the proposed systems was conducted, using an integrated simulation-optimization modeling framework, considering two scenarios: (1) minimization of the total cost of the system in an off-grid mode and (2) maximization of the total profit obtained from using renewable electricity and selling surplus solar electricity to the grid, considering the feed-in-tariff (FiT) scheme in a grid-tied mode. As indicated by the model results, the proposed HRES can generate about 47.3 MWh of electricity in all scenarios, which is needed to meet the external load requirement in the selected study area. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of the system in scenarios 1 and 2 was estimated at 55.92 JPY/kWh and 56.47 JPY/kWh, respectively.

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