scholarly journals Community based seed production through IRRI /IAAS projects in western mid hills of Nepal: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 320-332
Author(s):  
Bishnu Bilas Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Technology Dissemination ◽  
Quality Control Mechanism

A review on the community based seed production through IRRI/IAAS projects was made to know the seed production situation in western mid hills of Nepal. In Nepal, around 90% of seeds are supplied through informal sector where seed replacement rate (SRR) of major staple food crops is around 10%. The formal seed supply systems are characterized by a vertically organized production and distribution of released or registered varieties by public and private organizations using agreed quality control mechanism. Community Based Seed Production (CBSP) is one of the most important community resources from which, small holder farmers can improve their livelihoods which serves as a means to attain food and nutrition security and income generation to the farmers. IRRI/IAAS collaborative projects (IFAD TAG 706, STRASA and CURE) have establish 15 CBSP organizations in Lamjung, Tanahun, Gorkha and Bajhang district since 2006 to 2014 and producing quality seed annually. Project team has developed a unique type of working modality to get success in research, development and technology dissemination. Conduction of PVS trial annually in key sites, regular training to farmers, exposure visit of farmers, monthly meeting with farmers, regular minikit distribution in new sites, award to best seed producers, collaborative work with respective DADOs are some examples. Though CBSPs have faced major challenges like limitation of fund for seed buying, availability of quality source seed in time and place, availability of machines like moisture meter, grading machines, weighing machines, seed storage problems, marketing problems, natural disasters etc. the projects have contributed in release of rice varieties like Ghaiya-2, Sukhadhan series from 1 to 6, Bahuguni, Hardinath-2 and Chiyarang sub-1 as drought tolerant, and Ramdhan, Sunaulo sugandha, Mithila, Swarna sub 1 and Barkhe 1022 as irrigated varieties during project period.

LINKING COMMUNITY-BASED SEED PRODUCERS TO MARKETS FOR A SUSTAINABLE SEED SUPPLY SYSTEM

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. WITCOMBE ◽  
K. P. DEVKOTA ◽  
K. D. JOSHI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Participatory Varietal Selection ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Total Turnover ◽  
Managerial Capabilities ◽  
Capital Reserves

SUMMARYA review of the outcomes of past attempts at establishing sustainable seed producer groups in Nepal showed that after donor support was withdrawn a lack of marketing skills resulted in the groups no longer producing seed. Learning from this review, when we initiated new attempts at establishing sustainable seed producer groups in Chitwan district, Nepal, we emphasized the strengthening of their marketing and managerial capabilities rather than training in technical issues such as seed quality control. We imparted marketing skills to committee members of farmer groups at an initial training course in Chitwan in 2001. This inspired at least three existing farmer groups in Chitwan, already established for other agricultural activities, to enter into cereal and legume seed production and its marketing. Following their establishment in 2002 we supported them initially by purchasing some of their seed production. This was progressively withdrawn and, after three years, the groups independently marketed all of their substantial seed production. They built up capital reserves mainly from subsidies and by attracting funds from new shareholders with only a small contribution from retained profits that were only about 5% of total turnover. The capital reserves reduced or eliminated the need for loans thus increasing the chances that the enterprises would be sustainable. In contrast, other government-supported groups had practically no cash reserves despite substantial seed sales. By 2010, two of the three groups were still operating and had substantially increased turnover. Shareholders who were also seed producers benefited from being members of the group and from an increased income of 10% by producing seed instead of grain. Our intention in supporting these groups was to promote the scaling out of new rice varieties produced by client-oriented breeding (COB) or identified by participatory varietal selection but most of the seed that was produced was of obsolete varieties. Policies are needed to preferentially promote new varieties by supplying more information about them and increasing the subsidy on their seeds compared with older varieties. Continuing promotion by the organizations that bred them is also desirable but constrained by limited funding for COB.

scholarly journals Role Of Disspro And Cbsp On Current Seed Supply Situation In Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suroj Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Production Program ◽  
Major Field ◽  
Supply Situation ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Seed Supply

The seed replacement rate of major field crops is very low, about 8%, in Nepal with 92% seed supply of major field crops from informal sector. Different seed production initiatives are undertaken by public and private sectors. However, their role and effectiveness on seed sector development have not been assessed. A review on secondary data related to seed production and usage and primary data collected from different public and private organizations in the year 2011were used to assess the role of District Level Seed Self Sufficiency Program and Community Based Seed Production program on current seed supply situation in Nepal. DISSPRO is the most popular, widely adopted and cheapest seed producing program with annual production of 40.4% followed by CBSP 3.83% of the total certified/improved seeds in the country. The seed production trend of DISSPRO and CBSP is rapidly increasing. Strengthening seed sector through the integration of DISSPRO, CBSP and other seed initiatives together with effective enforcement of seed regulation for quality seed multiplication, distribution and use is necessary for rapid rise on SRR, enhancing crop production and food security in Nepal. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:13, Jun.2012, Page 53-59 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v13i0.7588

scholarly journals Community based maize seed production in the hills and mountains of Nepal: A review

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sapkota ◽  
S Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Participatory Varietal Selection ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Technology Dissemination

A review on the community based maize seed production and technology dissemination in Nepal was made in 2009 to know the seed production situation and technology dissemination approaches. Twenty three open pollinated maize varieties and one hybrid were released by the Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) up to 2009. A number of stakeholders were involved on improved technologies dissemination, seed production and marketing. Approaches for technology dissemination include district seed self sufficiency program (DISSPRO) and community based seed production (CBSP) program. About 4500 ton of cereal seeds annually has been producing from these approaches. Approach include subsidies on source seeds, creation of revolving funds, group/co-operative formation, their mobilization for participatory varietal selection (PVS), demonstrations, training, informal research and development (IRD) kit distribution and exchange visits. In community level, activities such as community based seed production approaches, particiapatory technology development, verification and dissemination for sustainable seed production and marketing has been taken place. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v1i0.7550 Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 1: 2010 pp.107-112

Scope and Status of Vegetable Seed Production in Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yemane Kahsay
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Vegetable Seed ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Adequate Coverage

This paper reviewed the scope and status of vegetable seed production in order to assess the current vegetable seed supply, production, distribution scenario and production potential. Adaptation and demonstration of improved vegetable technologies have shown the potential of producing different types of vegetable in different agro climatic regions in the country. It is important to identify suitable production belts and establish model seed multiplication scheme with strong collaboration of research, farmers/growers, seed distributors, vegetable producers and the extension sector. It is important to encourage private sectors that are interested in the horticulture seed industry. In many Asian countries the seed are commercially handled in which the market share of the private sector is more than 80%. It is important that variety development program be linked with the seed system. In additions, the economics of seed production be considered to assist farmers for decision. For efficient, economic and sustainable seed supply, seed production should be decentralized into major crop production zones with active participation of both public and private sectors. At the same time, the local seed supply should be organized using both local and improved varieties through secondary seed multiplication scheme. Improved seed production and distribution are predominantly carried out in the public sector; the scope of the formal seed supply systems is limited in developing countries like Ethiopia. Though there is huge potential; horticultural crop production and multiplication of improved variety of the seed is a great bottle neck problem. Lack of varieties and inadequate breeder and basic seed supply for effective seed production, limited technical and managerial experience and material resource absence of specialized seed farms in adequate coverage of economically important crops and lack of independent quality seed control system specially the foreign seed should be addressed by the responsible seed center.

Applauders and authors: Notes on the profits and losses of audience engagement

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Purchase
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Art World ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Audience Engagement ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High Profile ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Venice Biennale

Social practices, whether described as socially-engaged, participatory or community-based, share the potential to transform audience members into active participants in an artwork or project. However, the purpose of this public engagement is sometimes in conflict with the private experience of the viewer, constructing a complex relationship between audience, artist and gallery. Beginning by contextualizing the historic position of the audience in relation to the arts, the present article uses this as grounding to unpick elements of the dynamic which exist today. ‘The audience’ investigates the reported social benefits of engaging in the arts, questioning how evidence of these positive effects is reported and judged. This article exemplifies Marcelo Sánchez-Camus’ work with patients in palliative care and Spacemakers’ community-based projects as artworks intended to instigate positive social change. Further, ‘The artist’ explores the relationship between those facilitating these projects and their audience. By breaking down the term ‘audience’ into viewers, participants, collaborators and co-authors, one can use levels of agency to segment those involved and the differing experiences of their involvement. Petra Bauer’s long-term collaborative work with SCOT PEP is used to demonstrate how a group’s agency and stakes within an artwork can be enhanced by building relationships on equal terms. Finally, ‘The gallery’, uses the high-profile examples of Tate Group and Venice Biennale to demonstrate how the more powerful entities in the art world can misrepresent engagement and participation as quantitative markers of success or accessibility. This article ultimately aims to question what motivates the production of social practice and how these entities are important in constituting a successful process and outcome, for audience, artist and institute.

A community-based approach to evaluation of health outcomes and costs for telepsychiatry in a rural population: Preliminary results

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 155-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Kennedy ◽  
Peter Yellowlees
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The People

A pilot trial was established to support visiting psychiatric services and local public and private practitioners through the use of videoconferencing. The purpose of the trial was to determine whether people in the community received better health-care with telemedicine. A community-based approach was used to evaluate health outcomes, costs, utilization, accessibility, quality and needs for such services in a rural community in Queensland. Over a two-year period data were collected from 124 subjects who met the criteria of having a mental health problem or mental disorder. Nine further subjects refused to participate in the study. Only 32 subjects used videoconferencing to receive mental health services. Preliminary results did not show any significant improvements in wellbeing or quality of life, although the time span was relatively short. However, the results confirmed that the people were no worse off from a consumer or a practitioner perspective from using videoconferencing. Most consumers found that videoconferencing with a psychiatrist moderately or greatly helped them in managing their treatment, with 98% of them preferring to be offered videoconferencing in combination with local services. Overall, videoconferencing is a crucial part of enhancing psychiatry services in rural areas. However, it is not necessarily cost-effective for all consumers, general practitioners, psychiatrists, or the public mental health service.

National Foresight in Korea: History of Futures Studies and Foresight in Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-244
Author(s):  
Kyungmoo Heo ◽  
Yongseok Seo
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Futures Studies ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of

Public interests in coming futures of Korea continue to be increasing. Fears on uncertainties and pending challenges as well as demands on a new but Korea-own development model trigger a quantitative increase of futures research and relevant organizations in both public and private. The objective of this paper is to review history of futures studies and national development plan and strategy linked with foresight along with its challenges and recommendations. This paper identifies drawbacks and limits of Korea foresight such as misapplication of foresight as a strategic planning tool for modernization and economic development and its heavy reliance on government-led mid- and long-term planning. As a recommendation, an implementation of participatory and community-based foresight is introduced as a foundation for futures studies in Korea. A newly established research institute, the National Assembly Futures Institute, has to be an institutional passage to deliver opinions of the public, a capacity-building platform to increase the citizen’s futures literacy, and a cooperative venue for facilitating a participation and dialogue between politicians, government officials, and researchers.

scholarly journals Planting Materials Seed Systems of Finger Millet, Rice and Taro in Jumla, Kaski and Bara Districts of Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 10-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimal K Baniya ◽  
Radha K Tiwari ◽  
Pashupati Chaudhary ◽  
Surendra K Shrestha ◽  
Pushpa R Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Millet Seed ◽  
Seed System ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Informal Seed Supply

Formal and informal seed supply systems of rice (Jumla, Bara and Kaski), finger millet and taro(Kaski) were studied in three ecosites of Nepal during 1999-2001 to understand the processes ofseed flow, seed production, seed selection and storage systems. A survey was conducted at 48 to96 households. Informal seed supply was the only system in Jumla and Kaski and formal systemexisted only in Bara. The main sources of seed were farmer's own saved seed (67-91%), seedfrom neighbors and relatives. Exchange of germplasm was the main basis of fulfillment fromother sources. All farmers obtained seed from their own village, while farmers introducedmaterials occasionally from outside village. Most of the farmers followed seed selection beforeor after crop harvest. Rice field selection and plant selection based on a fixed set of criteria wasthe common practice. Non lodged plants with more grain per panicle, bold grains, well-maturedand uniform plants, long panicle, true to type, good looking grains, free from diseases andinsects were the main rice seed selection criteria. All farmers from both sites stored rice seeds bylocal methods in the locally available containers. Mor and Mudkothi are the special strawcontainers to store rice seed in Bara. Dhara is a special mud structure used to store rice seeds inJumla. Finger millet seed supply system was mostly similar to that of rice seed system. Ninetyone percent farmers saved seed for their own use; however, many of them changed finger milletseeds lots or varieties regularly for their particular plot. Ears selection during harvest by setcriteria for seed purpose was the common practice. Farmers stored finger millet seed carefully insmall locally available containers and tried their best to maintain the quality of seed duringdifferent stage of seed production. Taro has diverse planting materials: cormels, corms witheyes, suckers and corm with small cormels. Taro planting materials management is totallyinformal and almost 89% farmers saved these materials for their use and replaced them mostlyafter 3 years. Farmers had fixed criteria of corms and cormels selection for planting purpose andfocus and more on disease free. Storage of planting materials was locally by using localmaterials and methods. Understanding of seed system in various crops helps to developconservation strategy.Key words: Seed flow; seed production; seed selection; seed storage; seed systemDOI: 10.3126/narj.v6i0.3343Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol.6 2005 pp.39-48

scholarly journals Method of increasing yield indicators of rice varieties in process of seed production

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
N. A. Ochkas ◽  
Yu. K. Goncharova ◽  
O. A. Braginа ◽  
K.S. Krikun
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Optimal Values

The paper describes a method for creating new and increasing the yield of existing varieties based on analysis variability elements of rice varieties yield structure under influence of environmental conditions. Seeding rates are used as a source of variability. Following trait are analyzed: seeds field germination, survival plants before harvesting, total tillering of plants, realization of total tillering, graininess of panicle, fertility of spikelets, weight of 1000 grains. Based on analysis, through onnections conjugated elements, the optimal values of elements structure of yield are determined, at which it takes the maximum value. Based on a set of optimal values, theoretical model of studied rice variety is being developed. Then, according to panicles selected in variety, single-row plots are sown for further propagation, rows with parameters of the yield structure elements set same with model of variety are selected, which makes it possible to increase the yield of Mavr rice variety by 39.18 centners / ha or 45.61%.

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