scholarly journals Socio-economic analysis of open pollinated improved and hybrid maize production in Sindhupalchok district of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
Grace Tiwari ◽  
Chandan K.C. ◽  
Praseed Thapa ◽  
Astha Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
T Test ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Level Training

The study was conducted from April to June, 2020 for comparative analysis of socioeconomic factors and profitability between Open Pollinated Improved (OPI) varieties and Hybrid varieties on maize production in Sindhupalchok district of Nepal. A structured questionnaire was administered to 80 randomly selected households i.e. 48 HHs cultivated OPI and 32 HHs cultivated hybrid maize varieties.  Descriptive statistics, unpaired t-test, multiple linear regressions and indexing were used for data analysis using statistical tools- SPSS version 25 and MS-Excel. Linear regression model revealed that area under maize (5% level), education (5% level), age of household head (1% level), training (1% level), access to credit (5% level) and choice of seed (1 % level) significantly influenced maize production. In addition, unpaired t-test revealed that the productivity of hybrid maize varieties was significantly higher (1% level) than OPI varieties. Fall Armyworm infestation was found to more severe in OPI varieties (5% level) than hybrid. Furthermore, B: C ratio of hybrid varieties (1.59) indicated hybrid maize to be more profitable than OPI (1% level). However, the total cost of cultivation along with the cost of seed per hectare of OPI was found to be lower than hybrid varieties (1% level) thereby significantly increasing the area under maize production for OPI varieties (1% level).  Indexing identified- lack of availability of quality seeds and fertilizers (I= 0.78) as the major problem associated with maize production. Ensuring access to quality seeds and fertilizer at subsidy, mechanization and efficient extension services focused on development of affordable hybrid maize varieties or high yielding OPI and its adoption among the farmers in order to increase maize productivity is recommended.

scholarly journals Socio-economic assessment on maize production and adoption of open pollinated improved varieties in Dang, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Sanjiv Subedi ◽  
Yuga Nath Ghimire ◽  
Deepa Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
T Test ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Maize Varieties

Research was conducted from February to May, 2017 for socioeconomic assessment on maize production and adoption of open pollinated improved maize varieties in Dang district of Nepal. Altogether, 100 samples were taken by simple random sampling from the major maize growing areas and relevant publications were reviewed. Focal Group Discussion and Key Informant Survey were also done. Descriptive statistics, unpaired t-test, probit regression and indexing were used for data analysis using statistical tools- SPSS, STATA and MS-Excel. Probit econometric model revealed that ethnicity (1% level), gender (5% level), area under open pollinated improved maize (1% level), seed source dummy (1 % level) and number of visits by farmers to agrovet (5% level) significantly determined the adoption of open pollinated improved maize varieties. In addition, unpaired t-test revealed that the productivity of open pollinated improved maize varieties was significantly higher (at 1% level) than local; also, the multinational companies' hybrids showed significantly higher productivity (at 1% level) when compared to open pollinated improved varieties. Furthermore, indexing identified- lack of availability of quality seeds and fertilizers (I= 0.86) as the major problem associated with the maize production. Giving aggressive subsidy on open pollinated improved seeds and dealership to registered agrovets for selling the subsidy seeds could enhance the adoption. Moreover, government organizations working in the areas of agricultural extension and research must focus on adoption of open pollinated improved maize varieties among the farmers, substituting the local and developing the high yielding hybrid varieties in Nepal to increase the maize productivity. 

scholarly journals Risk Adjusted Production Efficiency of Maize Farmers in Ethiopia: Implication for Improved Maize Varieties Adoption

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1099
Author(s):  
Sisay Diriba Lemessa ◽  
Molla Alemayehu Yismawu ◽  
Megersa Debela Daksa ◽  
Mulugeta Damie Watabaji
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Approach ◽  
Technical Inefficiency ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Maize Varieties

This study analyzes the technical efficiency and production risk of 862 maize farmers in major maize producing regions of Ethiopia. It employs the stochastic frontier approach (SFA) to estimate the level of technical efficiencies of stallholder farmers. The stochastic frontier approach (SFA) uses flexible risk properties to account for production risk. Thus, maize production variability is assessed from two perspectives, the production risk and the technical efficiency. The study also attempts to determine the socio-economic and farm characteristics that influence technical efficiency of maize production in the study area. The findings of the study showed the existence of both production risk and technical inefficiency in maize production process. Input variables (amounts per hectare) such as fertilizer and labor positively influence maize output. The findings also show that farms in the study area exhibit decreasing returns to scale. Fertilizer and ox plough days reduce output risk while labor and improved seed increase output risk. The mean technical efficiency for maize farms is 48 percent. This study concludes that production risk and technical inefficiency prevents the maize farmers from realizing their frontier output. The best factors that improve the efficiency of the maize farmers in the study area include: frequency of extension contact, access to credit and use of intercropping. It was also realized that altitude and terracing in maize farms had influence on farmer efficiency.

scholarly journals Potentials of hybrid maize varieties for small-holder farmers in Kenya: A review based on swot analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (57) ◽  
pp. 7562-7586
Author(s):  
C Schroeder ◽  
◽  
T Onyango K’Oloo ◽  
NB Ranabhat ◽  
NA Jick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Maize is the primary staple crop in Kenya and plays an important role in the livelihood of the people of Kenya. Its availability and abundance determines the level of welfare and food security in the country. In Kenya, future increases in maize production to meet domestic demand will have to rely on improvements in yield per hectare rather than on the expansion of maize production area. Enhanced maize productivity can be achieved by increased use of modern production techniques such as the adoption of hybrid maize varieties, the use of chemicals and fertilizer application. Small-scale maize prodcution plays a major role in Kenya’s maize economy and adoption of hybrid technology by small-scale farmers would have the potential to address sustainability and supply issues. However, such modern technologies are still rarely used by Kenya’s small-scale farmers, particularly by those in marginal areas. This study, therefore, tries to review the reasons for the low rate of adoption of hybrid maize varieties among small-scale farmers with focus on those smallholders in Kenya’s marginal areas. Lack of awareness of existing or newly released hybrid varieties, lack of hybrid varieties adapted to marginal areas, lack of confidence in the quality of some hybrid maize seeds, poor access to stockists, low profitability due to high seed cost, inadequate access to credit, the need for fertilizer application and low literacy level have been found to be important factors explaining the low adoption rates by smallholder maize producers in marginal areas. In addition, these constraints might also explain the widespread practice of recycling hybrid grain among small-scale farmers once they have adopted hybrid maize varieties. Therefore, it is hoped that by overcoming these constraints, the adoption of hybrid maize varieties among smallholder farmers could be greatly enhanced, which in turn could lead to a significant positive impact on the country’s food security situation.

scholarly journals Cost efficiency estimates of maize production in Nepal: a case study of the Chitwan district

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Paudel ◽  
A. Matsuoka
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mean Cost

This study was carried out to analyze the cost efficiency of maize production in the Chitwan district, Nepal with a view to predict economic efficiencies using stochastic frontier cost function. The primary data were collected from 180 maize farmers representing 12 village development committees (VDCs) including one municipality of the district during May–June 2005 for the cropping year 2004–2005. Among various factors, use of manure accounted the highest share in the production cost followed by labour and tractor costs. The maximum-likelihood (ML) estimates of the parameters revealed that estimated coefficients of cost of tractor, animal power, labour, fertilizer, manure, seed and maize output gave positive coefficients and were significant at 5% level. Further, quantitative estimates obtained from the cost function shows the mean cost efficiency of 1.634 indicating that an average maize farms from the study incurred about 63% costs above the frontier cost-an indication of inefficiency. Also, the significant years of schooling of the household head and maize area in the inefficiency model indicated the positive effect of these factors on cost efficiency of the farms. From the analysis of scale effect among maize farms, it was revealed that the maize farms experienced an increasing return to scale, that is, the output increased more proportionately than the total production cost.

scholarly journals Screening of shade tolerant hybrid maize based on stress tolerance index

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
Lesty Ayu Bidhari ◽  
Roy Effendi ◽  
Nining N. Andayani ◽  
Slamet Bambang
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Abstract The development of adaptive and high-yielding maize varieties tolerant to shade stress is the right strategy to increase productivity and national maize production by utilizing the land in shaded conditions or under annual stands with 40% shade intensity. This study aimed to assess the best genetic material before releasing new shade tolerant maize varieties. This experiment was conducted in shaded and unshaded conditions in the Indonesian Cereal Research Institute, Maros, from July-October 2018 in KP. Pandu, North Sulawesi under coconut trees from March-August 2019. The design is using a randomized block design with three replications. The genetic material used consisted of 10 three-lane cross-hybrid maize, SHD01, SHD02, SHD03, SHD04, SHD05, SHD06, SHD07, SHD08, SHD09, and SHD10, and two comparison varieties of three-lane cross-hybrid maize, Bima-19, and P-35. Shade causes a reduction in light intensity, impacting changes in the microclimate under the shade. This is indicated by the dynamics of changes in light intensity which are quite high between maize crops in shaded and unshaded conditions. Tolerance to shade stress was assessed by measuring the difference in yield between unshaded environmental conditions and shaded environmental conditions to assess average productivity under normal and shaded conditions using the stress tolerance index (STI). The adaptive level in shade conditions of the candidate varieties SHD02 and SHD10 was significantly better than that of the Bima 19 and P 35 varieties, with the STI values of these candidates being 0.87 and 0.80, while the two comparison varieties Bima 19 and P 35, were respectively only 0.62.

scholarly journals Profitability of Improved Seed Adoption on Small Holders Maize Farmers in Abuja Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Ndem Chijioke ◽  
Uteh Akaninyene
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
T Test ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Margin Analysis

The study analysed the profitability of improved seed adoption on the profitability and technical efficiency of smallholder maize farmers in Abuja, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the socioeconomic characteristics, gross margin analysis was used to determine the costs and returns of maize production. The t-test was used to compare the yield of improved maize seed adopters and non-adopters. The logit regression was used to analyse the determinants of adoption. The stochastic production frontier model was used to determine the technical efficiency of IMV. The results revealed that the average age of respondents (adopters and non-adopters) was 48 years and 39 years, respectively. Furthermore, 56% and 66% were male, 75% and 93% were married with average household size of 6 and 7 persons, respectively, and majority had formal education. Adopters had a mean farm size of 1.95 ha, while non-adopters had a mean farm size of 1.76 ha. The gross margin analysis result showed the profitability index for IMV and local seed were 0.66 and 0.41, respectively. The t-test result showed that IMV had higher yield per hectare (2,713.66kg/ha) compared to local maize variety (1,281.33kg/ha). The result of maximum likelihood estimate showed that the mean technical efficiency was 0.56 and 0.49 for adopters and non-adopters, respectively. The study revealed that adopters of improved maize seed varieties earned higher profits and were more technically efficient than non-adopters. It recommended the strengthening of extension services to enhance adoption through awareness by government. Farmers should form cooperatives to enable resourceful negotiation for inputs. Also, an improvement in the research and development of high quality improved maize varieties should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Effect of different levels of nitrogen on growth and yield of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Kripa Adhikari ◽  
Sudip Bhandari ◽  
Krishna Aryal ◽  
Mohan Mahato ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is considered as one of the most important factors affecting growth and grain yield of hybrid maize. This study was conducted to determine the effects of different rates of nitrogen and varieties on growth and yield of hybrid maize in Lamahi Municipality, Dang, Nepal from June to October, 2019. Three levels of hybrid maize varieties (10V10, Rajkumar F1 and NMH-731) and four levels of nitrogen (160, 180, 200 and 220 kg N ha-1) were evaluated using two factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that grain yield and yield attributing traits of hybrid maize varieties increased with the increasing level of nitrogen from 160 to 220 kg ha-1. The application of nitrogen @ 220 kg N ha-1 produced the highest grain yield (10.07 t ha-1), cob length (16.33 cm), no of rows per cob (14.97), no of grains per row (33.37), cob diameter (4.54), thousand grain weight (276.77 g), stover yield (12.91 t ha-1), biological yield (23.00 t ha-1), harvest index (43.80), gross return (NRs. 208940 ha-1), net return (NRs.104488 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.001). The hybrid maize variety 10V10 produced the highest grain yield (9.35 t ha-1), net returns (NRs. 91740.66 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.91) accompanied by the highest cob length (16.25 cm), and as number of grains per row (32.35) as compared to other varieties. This study suggested that maize production can be maximized by cultivating hybrid maize variety 10V10 with the use of 220 kg N ha-1 in inner Terai region of Nepal.

scholarly journals Relating farmers’ perceptions to long term dynamics in maize (Zea mays L.) production: The production of improved maize is coming to a standstill in central Malawi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrington Nyirenda ◽  
Wantwa Mwangomba ◽  
Ellen M. Nyirenda
Keyword(s):  
Maize Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
Production Trend ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Hybrid Maize

AbstractMaize production, area and yield dynamics were assessed based on farmer perceptions and production data from 2004/05-2018/19 using 36 000 households in Salima, central Malawi. The results showed that farmers used 16, six and two varieties for hybrid, Open-pollinated varieties (OPV) and local maize respectively. Farmers sourced Hybrid and OPV maize seed from Private Agro dealers while local maize was own-sourced. Farmers preferred local maize for being cheap, good taste, low storage costs, and pest resistance although low yielding. They preferred hybrid and OPV maize for high yielding and early maturity despite demanding high storage costs, pest susceptibility, and low flour. From 2004/05-2018/19, the area under local and OPV maize reduced by 61% and 12% respectively, while that of hybrid maize increased by 49%. However, the consistent decrease in area for hybrid and OPV and significant increase of that of local maize from 2014/15-2018/19 may signal a catastrophic maize production in the region. From 2019/20-2025/26 production of all maize was projected at 44 172 tons by 2025/26, representing a 1.6% increase from the base year 2019/20. This increase will be due to favorable climatic conditions and not increase in area or yield. If maize yield was improved by 30% production would increase to 110 430 tons representing 67% of the food requirement in the study area. The current maize production trend in Salima does not guarantee food security prospects. Therefore, policymakers should consider reviewing the past interventions (input pricing, promotion strategies, sustainable practices, policies) in the maize subsector to enhance maize productivity.

scholarly journals KELAYAKAN USAHATANI JAGUNG HIBRIDA DI KABUPATEN MUNA PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Suharno , ◽  
Rusdin ,
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
T Test ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Hybrid Maize

<p>Feasibility Study of Hybrid Maize Farming in Muna District Southeast Sulawesi Province. Maize harvest area in 2015 in Muna District was 13,159 ha with the production by 32,007 tonnes and the productivity by 2.43 t/ha. This maize productivity is still considered low, due to the results of the study AIAT Southeast Sulawesi on 2014, wich able to obtain productivity by 5 tonnes of dry seed/ha. To increase the production of maize, advocacy and</p><p>dissemination of technological innovations maize using hybrid varieties had been carried out. A research was applied to investigate the production of maize as well as the income of the farmers. Research was conducted using a structured interview with questionair to 30 maize hybrids farmers and 30 local maize farmers in the Wakobalu Agung Village,<br />Kabangka Sub District, and Bente Village, Kabawo Sub District, Muna District in October to December 2015. The results showed that based on t test, the productivity of hybrid maize was significantly higher than the local variety, so the hybrid maize planting could increase of maize productivity. Hybrid farmers applied urea and NPK while the local maize growers did not use inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizer was applied both by hybrid maize and local maize group, yet dose of both groups respectively was varied. Hybrid maize farming with Bima 19 URI variety and local maize was feasible, each B/C 1.07 and 1.17. However the productivity and farmers’ income of the hybrid maize was higher than the local maize. The productivity of the hybrid maize by Bima 19 URI was 4,744 kg dry grain/ha and the<br />farmers’ income was IDR8,596,000. The productivity of the local maize was 1,404 kg dry grain/ha as well as farmers’ income was IRD4,666,000.</p><p>Keywords: Hybrid maize farming, productivity, farmers' income</p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Luas panen jagung tahun 2015 di Kabupaten Muna yaitu 13.159 ha, dengan produksi 32.007 ton, produktivitas 2,43 t/ha. Produktivitas jagung yang dicapai selama ini dinilai masih rendah, mengingat hasil kajian BPTP Sulawesi Tenggara tahun 2014 sudah mampu diperoleh produktivitas 5 ton pipilan kering/ha. Untuk meningkatkan produksi jagung, maka telah dilakukan pendampingan dan penyebaran inovasi teknologi jagung menggunakan varietas hibrida. Berkenaan dengan hal tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui produksi dan pendapatan petani. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metoda wawancara terstruktur menggunakan kuesioner terhadap 30 petani jagung hibrida dan 30 petani jagung lokal di Desa Wakobalu Agung, Kecamatan Kabangka dan Desa Bente, Kecamatan Kabawo, Kabupaten Muna pada bulan Oktober – Desember 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan uji t, diketahui bahwa produktivitas jagung hibrida yang ditanam petani berbeda nyata dengan produktivitas jagung lokal, sehingga penanaman jagung hibrida mampu mendorong peningkatan produktivitas jagung per hektar. Petani telah melakukan pemupukan urea dan NPK pada usahatani jagung hibrida<br />Bima 19 URI, hal ini tidak dilakukan oleh petani yang menanam jagung lokal. Namun demikian pupuk organik digunakan untuk usahatani jagung hibrida Bima 19 URI dan jagung lokal dengan dosis yang bervariasi. Usahatani jagung hibrida Bima 19 URI dan jagung lokal layak dan menguntungkan dengan masing nilai B/C 1,07 dan 1,17, 36 Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, Vol. 20, No.1, Maret 2017: 36-46 namun demikian produktivitas dan pendapatan usahatani jagung hibrida lebih tinggi daripada usahatani jagung lokal. Produktivitas jagung hibrida Bima 19 URI sebesar 4.744 kg pipilan kering/ha dengan nilai pendapatan Rp8.596.000, sedangkan produktivitas jagung lokal sebesar 1.404 kg pipilan kering/ha dengan nilai pendapatan Rp4.666.000.</p><p>Kata kunci: Usahatani jagung hibrida, produktivitas, pendapatan petani</p>

scholarly journals Maize production in mid hills of Nepal: from food to feed security

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Timsina ◽  
Yuga Nath Ghimire ◽  
Jeevan Lamichhane
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Hybrid Maize

This study was undertaken in 2016 to analyze the production and utilization of maize in Nepal. Sixty maize growers from Kavre and Lamjung districts were selected using purposive, cluster and simple random sampling techniques. Similarly, six feed industries and five maize experts from Chitwan district were also interviewed. Study shows 56% of the total areas were used for maize production and 50% of the maize areas were covered by hybrid maize. There was no practice of contract maize production. The results revealed that 60%, 25% and 3% of the grain were used for animal feed, food and seed respectively in hill districts. Whereas the remaining amount of the maize (12%) was sold to the different buyers. The proportion of maize feed supply to different animals in the study area was varying. Result shows that at least 1.5 million tons of maize is required only to the feed industries affiliated with national feed industry association in Nepal. Similarly, out of total maize used in feed production, 87% of the maize was imported from India each year by feed industries. Analysis shows negative correlation between scale of feed production and use of domestic maize due to unavailability of required quantity of maize in time. The major pre-condition of feed industries for maize buying was moisture content which must be equal or less than 14%. Very little or no inert materials and physical injury, free from fungal attack and bigger size were also the criteria for maize buying. However, some of the feed industries were also thinking about protein and amino acid contents. Result shows 13% and 8.5% increasing demand of poultry feed and animal feed, respectively over the last five year in Nepal.  Most likely, maize is known as a means of food security in Nepal, however, in the context of changing utilization patterns at the farm level and also tremendous increasing demand of maize at the industry level suggest to give more focus on development and dissemination of maize varieties that can contribute to the feed security issues as well.

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