scholarly journals Socio-economic assessment on maize production and adoption of open pollinated improved varieties in Dang, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Sanjiv Subedi ◽  
Yuga Nath Ghimire ◽  
Deepa Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
T Test ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Maize Varieties

Research was conducted from February to May, 2017 for socioeconomic assessment on maize production and adoption of open pollinated improved maize varieties in Dang district of Nepal. Altogether, 100 samples were taken by simple random sampling from the major maize growing areas and relevant publications were reviewed. Focal Group Discussion and Key Informant Survey were also done. Descriptive statistics, unpaired t-test, probit regression and indexing were used for data analysis using statistical tools- SPSS, STATA and MS-Excel. Probit econometric model revealed that ethnicity (1% level), gender (5% level), area under open pollinated improved maize (1% level), seed source dummy (1 % level) and number of visits by farmers to agrovet (5% level) significantly determined the adoption of open pollinated improved maize varieties. In addition, unpaired t-test revealed that the productivity of open pollinated improved maize varieties was significantly higher (at 1% level) than local; also, the multinational companies' hybrids showed significantly higher productivity (at 1% level) when compared to open pollinated improved varieties. Furthermore, indexing identified- lack of availability of quality seeds and fertilizers (I= 0.86) as the major problem associated with the maize production. Giving aggressive subsidy on open pollinated improved seeds and dealership to registered agrovets for selling the subsidy seeds could enhance the adoption. Moreover, government organizations working in the areas of agricultural extension and research must focus on adoption of open pollinated improved maize varieties among the farmers, substituting the local and developing the high yielding hybrid varieties in Nepal to increase the maize productivity. 

scholarly journals Socio-economic analysis of open pollinated improved and hybrid maize production in Sindhupalchok district of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
Grace Tiwari ◽  
Chandan K.C. ◽  
Praseed Thapa ◽  
Astha Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
T Test ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Level Training

The study was conducted from April to June, 2020 for comparative analysis of socioeconomic factors and profitability between Open Pollinated Improved (OPI) varieties and Hybrid varieties on maize production in Sindhupalchok district of Nepal. A structured questionnaire was administered to 80 randomly selected households i.e. 48 HHs cultivated OPI and 32 HHs cultivated hybrid maize varieties.  Descriptive statistics, unpaired t-test, multiple linear regressions and indexing were used for data analysis using statistical tools- SPSS version 25 and MS-Excel. Linear regression model revealed that area under maize (5% level), education (5% level), age of household head (1% level), training (1% level), access to credit (5% level) and choice of seed (1 % level) significantly influenced maize production. In addition, unpaired t-test revealed that the productivity of hybrid maize varieties was significantly higher (1% level) than OPI varieties. Fall Armyworm infestation was found to more severe in OPI varieties (5% level) than hybrid. Furthermore, B: C ratio of hybrid varieties (1.59) indicated hybrid maize to be more profitable than OPI (1% level). However, the total cost of cultivation along with the cost of seed per hectare of OPI was found to be lower than hybrid varieties (1% level) thereby significantly increasing the area under maize production for OPI varieties (1% level).  Indexing identified- lack of availability of quality seeds and fertilizers (I= 0.78) as the major problem associated with maize production. Ensuring access to quality seeds and fertilizer at subsidy, mechanization and efficient extension services focused on development of affordable hybrid maize varieties or high yielding OPI and its adoption among the farmers in order to increase maize productivity is recommended.

Response of early maturing maize landraces and improved varieties to moisture deficit and sufficient water supply

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Menkir ◽  
Baffour Badu-Apraku ◽  
Sam Ajala ◽  
Alpha Kamara ◽  
Abdou Ndiaye
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Early Maturing

In drought-affected maize production zones with short growing periods, the development and use of early maturing drought-tolerant cultivars can stabilize maize production. We evaluated 10 improved and 25 farmers' early maturing maize varieties under moisture deficit and well-watered conditions for 2 years to identify suitable genetic materials for breeding drought-tolerant cultivars. The varieties exhibited significant differences in grain yield and other traits under both moisture deficit and well-watered conditions. Changes in the rank order of the varieties for grain yield was not significant across the different levels of moisture supply in this study. Grain yield was significantly correlated with days to anthesis, days to silking, plant height, ear height, ear number and anthesis–silking interval (ASI) under the two irrigation treatments and with leaf death scores under moisture deficit, suggesting that the common traits were beneficial in maximizing grain yield under both sufficient water supply and moisture deficit. Grain yield and the traits significantly correlated with it differentiated the early maturing maize varieties into two distinct groups under well-watered condition and moisture deficit. The improved varieties were superior to the farmers' varieties in grain yield and other traits under moisture deficit, possibly due to selection of their progenitors for improved performance in multiple locations. We found some farmers' and improved varieties with similar yield potential and flowering time under well-watered conditions but with marked differences in grain yield and other traits under moisture deficit. Use of such promising landraces that would also be invaluable sources of desirable farmers-preferred end-use quality traits in combination with promising improved varieties as breeding materials could enhance the genetic grain from selection for drought tolerance in early maize.

scholarly journals Profitability of Improved Seed Adoption on Small Holders Maize Farmers in Abuja Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Ndem Chijioke ◽  
Uteh Akaninyene
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
T Test ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Margin Analysis

The study analysed the profitability of improved seed adoption on the profitability and technical efficiency of smallholder maize farmers in Abuja, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the socioeconomic characteristics, gross margin analysis was used to determine the costs and returns of maize production. The t-test was used to compare the yield of improved maize seed adopters and non-adopters. The logit regression was used to analyse the determinants of adoption. The stochastic production frontier model was used to determine the technical efficiency of IMV. The results revealed that the average age of respondents (adopters and non-adopters) was 48 years and 39 years, respectively. Furthermore, 56% and 66% were male, 75% and 93% were married with average household size of 6 and 7 persons, respectively, and majority had formal education. Adopters had a mean farm size of 1.95 ha, while non-adopters had a mean farm size of 1.76 ha. The gross margin analysis result showed the profitability index for IMV and local seed were 0.66 and 0.41, respectively. The t-test result showed that IMV had higher yield per hectare (2,713.66kg/ha) compared to local maize variety (1,281.33kg/ha). The result of maximum likelihood estimate showed that the mean technical efficiency was 0.56 and 0.49 for adopters and non-adopters, respectively. The study revealed that adopters of improved maize seed varieties earned higher profits and were more technically efficient than non-adopters. It recommended the strengthening of extension services to enhance adoption through awareness by government. Farmers should form cooperatives to enable resourceful negotiation for inputs. Also, an improvement in the research and development of high quality improved maize varieties should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Maize production in mid hills of Nepal: from food to feed security

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Timsina ◽  
Yuga Nath Ghimire ◽  
Jeevan Lamichhane
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Hybrid Maize

This study was undertaken in 2016 to analyze the production and utilization of maize in Nepal. Sixty maize growers from Kavre and Lamjung districts were selected using purposive, cluster and simple random sampling techniques. Similarly, six feed industries and five maize experts from Chitwan district were also interviewed. Study shows 56% of the total areas were used for maize production and 50% of the maize areas were covered by hybrid maize. There was no practice of contract maize production. The results revealed that 60%, 25% and 3% of the grain were used for animal feed, food and seed respectively in hill districts. Whereas the remaining amount of the maize (12%) was sold to the different buyers. The proportion of maize feed supply to different animals in the study area was varying. Result shows that at least 1.5 million tons of maize is required only to the feed industries affiliated with national feed industry association in Nepal. Similarly, out of total maize used in feed production, 87% of the maize was imported from India each year by feed industries. Analysis shows negative correlation between scale of feed production and use of domestic maize due to unavailability of required quantity of maize in time. The major pre-condition of feed industries for maize buying was moisture content which must be equal or less than 14%. Very little or no inert materials and physical injury, free from fungal attack and bigger size were also the criteria for maize buying. However, some of the feed industries were also thinking about protein and amino acid contents. Result shows 13% and 8.5% increasing demand of poultry feed and animal feed, respectively over the last five year in Nepal.  Most likely, maize is known as a means of food security in Nepal, however, in the context of changing utilization patterns at the farm level and also tremendous increasing demand of maize at the industry level suggest to give more focus on development and dissemination of maize varieties that can contribute to the feed security issues as well.

scholarly journals Improving farm productivity through the reduction of managerial and technology gaps among farmers in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules Ngango ◽  
Seungjee Hong
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Maize Varieties

Abstract Background Rwanda and most parts of sub-Saharan Africa face severe challenges of increasing maize productivity, which has direct consequences on food security. Due to these challenges, policy-makers have paid particular attention to finding the cost-effective strategies of boosting maize production. In an effort to increase productivity, the literature suggests that the adoption of yield-enhancing technologies and production efficiency should be given priority. The objective of this study is to examine and compare the technical efficiency and technological gaps of maize farms that grow different seed varieties in Rwanda. Methods The data used in this study were obtained from a survey of 360 household farmers conducted in the Eastern Province of Rwanda during the 2018–2019 cropping season. The study applies the stochastic meta-frontier production function approach to estimate the technical efficiency and technological gaps of maize farms operating under heterogeneous production technologies. Results Results indicate that there are differences in technical efficiency measures among the three groups of farmers (i.e., adopters of hybrids, open-pollinated varieties, and local maize varieties). In particular, we find that on average, farms growing hybrid maize varieties appear to have higher values of technical efficiency, technology gap ratio, and meta-frontier technical efficiency than farms growing OPVs and local maize varieties. Thus, the analysis shows that there are significant technological and managerial performance gaps among farmers. Conclusions From a policy perspective, the results of this study suggest the development of policy measures that may reduce the managerial and technological gaps existing among farmers to improve productivity and food security. Based on the results of this study, one of the crucial avenues to close this gap would be to improve access to improved agricultural technologies such as certified hybrid seeds. Additionally, policies aiming to enhance technical efficiency and productivity should focus on expanding the delivery of extension services and strengthening the technical assistance provided to farmers’ cooperatives.

scholarly journals Farmers Perception of Low Soil Fertility and Hybrid Maize and the Implications in Plant Breeding

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Priscilla F. Ribeiro ◽  
Baffour Badu-Apraku ◽  
Vernon E. Gracen ◽  
Eric Y. Danquah ◽  
Manfred B. Ewool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

In spite of efforts by national and international scientists to improve crop productivity, varieties of crops grown in Africa have low productivity. Varieties improved for yield have had low adoption rates among small scale farmers. Productivity of maize remains low in the smallholder sector because the crop continues to be grown under stress-prone environments and with limited resources. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools, including two focus group discussions and interviews with 120 individual farmers were conducted in Wenchi and Ejura-Sekyedumase districts in Ghana to determine maize production constraints, assess farmers’ perceptions of low soil fertility in maize production and their coping strategies for the control of low soil fertility. Opportunities for breeding new maize varieties with tolerance to low soil fertility and improving farmers' perception on adoption and utilisation of maize hybrids were also examined. Results from interviews revealed that low soil fertility, drought, diseases and insect pests are the dominant constraints in maize productivity in the two districts. Farmers in the study area also have preference for low soil nitrogen (low N) tolerant, drought tolerant, disease and pest resistant varieties that require lower inputs. They prefer maize varieties which produce slender cobs that are light in weight with lots of grain. The farmers lack knowledge about hybrids but are willing to adopt maize hybrids that are tolerant to low N.

scholarly journals Assessing Migration and Remittance Status and its Effect on Maize Production in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogendra Acharya ◽  
Yuganath Ghimire ◽  
Nemdev Upadhayay ◽  
Bikas Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Fallow Land ◽  
Loan Repayment ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Job Opportunity ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
Power Tiller

Outmigration has been considered a major issue in agricultural production of Nepal. The study aimed to assess migration and remittance status and its effect on maize production. Altogether 682, both migrated and non-migrated households were selected using proportionate random sampling from six representative districts covering four provinces and all ecological domains of Nepal. Primary data were collected through households' survey and focus group discussion using structured and pretested interview schedule. The results showed that 26 percent of households have at least one member living abroad for a job opportunity. Most of the migration was male-centric and Chitwan district ranked first among study districts on migration status. About 43 percent of households received more than two hundred thousand annually as remittance and mostly they used that money in household consumption followed by education and loan repayment. Around 54 percent of households agreed that they were using remittances in maize farming mainly for purchasing chemical fertilizer and improved seed. The use of remittance income in mechanization such as buying/using of corn sheller and power tiller was comparatively very less. The results showed insignificant maize productivity but the fallow land holdings of the migrated household were significantly higher than non-migrating households. The issue of migration and fallow land holdings in maize has become an emerging concern to development worker and policy makers. Therefore, the introduction of efficient maize production system along with value addition program that linked with market targeting youth manpower is an urgent need for effective utilization of fallow land. Moreover, such opportunity also provides an avenue to the productive investment of remittance.

PENGARUH PRACTICE BASED SIMULATION MODEL TERHADAP CRITICAL THINKING DI NURSING SKILL LABORATORY

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Retno Issroviatiningrum ◽  
Shanti Wardaningsih ◽  
Novita Kurnia Sari
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Skill Laboratory ◽  
Paired T Test

ABSTRAK Upaya untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan keperawatan khususnya untuk mendukung peserta didik menjadi perawat profesional memerlukan proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan fasilitas keterampilan klinis. Practice based simulation model didasarkan pada teori belajar konstruktif yang menegaskan bahwa pengetahuan tidak pasif ditransfer dari pendidik kepada peserta didik, tetapi dibangun oleh peserta didik melalui pengolahan pengalaman dan interaksi dengan lingkungan mereka. Dengan metode simulasi di laboratorium dapat mendorong mahasiswa untuk menggunakan critical thinking dalam mengambil keputusan dalam mengatasi masalah tanpa merugikan pasien yang sebenarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh practice based simulation model terhadap critical thinking pada mahasiswa semester VI di FIK Unissula Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Quasy – Experiment dengan pendekatan pretest-posttest with control group design. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik  simple random sampling dengan jumlah 21 responden baik kelompok intervensi maupun kelompok kontrol. Analisis data menggunakan uji Paired T-Test dan Independent Samples T-Test. Hasil penelitian selisih peningkatan critical thinking pada kelompok intervensi sebanyak 11.95 poin dan pada kelompok kontrol 2.05. Practice based simulation model berpengaruh terhadap critical thinking dengan nilai p=0.00<0.05. Disimpulkan bahwa practice based simulation model mempengaruhi critical thinking pada mahasiswa semester VI FIK Unissula Semarang. Kata kunci: Practice based simulation model, critical thinking

An investigation of book reading habits levels and correct decision-making styles in terms of some variables: A research on coach and referees

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-865
Author(s):  
Mihriay Musa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
T Test ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
Correct Decision ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Decision Making Styles ◽  
The Universe

In this study, it was aimed to examine the reading habits levels and making the correct decision styles of basketball, handball, volleyball, and football coaches and referees in terms of some variables, the research was carried out with the general survey model, one of the quantitative research designs, the active coaches and referees of basketball, football, volleyball, and handball in İzmir, Denizli and Uşak provinces constituted the universe of the study, the sample of the study, on the other hand, consisted of 98 participants, 52 of whom were coaches and 46 were referees, determined by the simple random sampling method, one sample t-test at a 0.05 significance level was conducted to determine whether the sample represented the universe equally and homogeneously. Melbourne decision making scale I-II, and book reading habits scale were used to collect data in the study. Since the data are suitable for normal distribution, the t-test in comparing the pairwise means; parametric tests such as one-way ANOVA tests were used at 0.05 significance level in comparing the mean scores of more than two groups. In terms of education levels, it has been observed that female coaches and referees studying at faculties of sports sciences have higher levels of reading habit, love of reading, and being influenced by books. In addition, it was determined that individuals who trust and respect the decisions of their families have higher reading habits and correct decision-making styles and do not panic during the decision-making process.

COMPARISON OF EFFECTIVENESS OF MOBILIZATION AND SELF-EXERCISES IN ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS OF SHOULDER

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Khan ◽  
Ghazala Noor Nizami ◽  
Ali Farhad
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Adhesive Capsulitis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of mobilization and self-exercises in the management of adhesive capsulitis of shoulder STUDY DESIGN Randomized Control Trial SAMPLE SELECTION 30 patients of adhesive capsulitis of shoulder from physiotherapy department of tertiary care hospitals of Karachi were selected through simple random sampling technique. PROCEDURE Treatment was continued for 5 days per week for the period of 3 weeks followed by assessment. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group A was treated with midrange mobilization while group B performed self-exercises. Both groups received TENS and hot pack prior to the exercises. Mean ± SD, frequencies and percentages were used for descriptive analysis. ROM via goniometry and pain intensity through VAS was analyzed by paired t-test within the groups and by independent t-test between the groups, using SPSS. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS 60% were females (n=18) and 40% were males (n=12) with mean age of 50.17±6.37 years. Significant improvement (p-value <0.05) in pain and shoulder ROM was observed among patients of Group A as compared to Group B. Pain intensity was decreased to 1.67 ± 0.62 in group A, whereas ROMs in these patients were also better than other group.

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