scholarly journals A survey study of Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) using phages P1,P2 &P3 in Tamluk, West Bengal,India

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
NC Som ◽  
M Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Genetically Modified Food ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Soybean Product ◽  
Gm Foods ◽  
Formation Pattern

Genetically modified food, GM foods and crops like Bt cotton, Bt Brinjal,developed from Bacillus thuringiensis, an insecticide and "Round up Ready", a soybean product from other microorganism led the scientist to conclude that the future world's hunger and malnutrition can be overcome. To make more contribution and future use, a survey study of distribution of Bacillus thuringiensis is done Bt- phages P1,P2,P3, are used in replica formation pattern in M-1 agar medium. Spores are used in this study. Only 6 phage affected colonies are detected and their pathogenocity is confirmed on Bombyx mori larva.Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis; insecticide; pathogenicity. DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i3.4069Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol. 6, No. 3 pp.15-18

Explaining contradictory evidence regarding impacts of genetically modified crops in developing countries. Varietal performance of transgenic cotton in India

2005 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BENNETT ◽  
Y. ISMAEL ◽  
S. MORSE
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Transgenic Cotton ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Contradictory Evidence ◽  
Bt Gene ◽  
Better Than

A study of the commercial growing of different varieties of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton compares the performance of growing official and unofficial hybrid varieties of Bt cotton and conventional (non-Bt) hybrids in Gujarat by 622 farmers. Results suggest that the official Bt varieties (MECH 12 and MECH 162) significantly outperform the unofficial varieties. However, unofficial, locally produced Bt hybrids can also perform significantly better than non-Bt hybrids, although second generation (F2) Bt seed appears to have no yield advantage compared to non-Bt hybrids but can save on insecticide use. Although hybrid vigour is reduced, or even lost, with F2 seed the Bt gene still confers some advantage. The F2 seed is regarded as ‘GM’ by the farmers (and is sold as such), even though its yield performance is little better than the non-GM hybrids. The results help to explain why there is so much confusion arising from GM cotton release in India.

Friendly Foes: The Bio-control Agents

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Singh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Natural Way

The bio-control agents are those organisms that manage the pest population in natural way and keep them below the economic threshold and are thus applied by the agency of man. This process is known as bio-control or biological control. They are foes to the pests and are thus beneficial and a friend for us. There are many pathogens (Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt cotton), parasites (parasitoids, ex. Parasitic wasps, tachinid flies) and predators (ex. Gambusia fish against mosquito larvae) that can be applied as bio-control agents. Many are being used as effective pest control agent in Europe and United States of America. There is lots of potential in this field and more explorations and researches need to be done in an agricultural country like India.

scholarly journals Umbilical Myiasis in a Newborn: a case report

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
PK Dey ◽  
T Bhattacharya ◽  
SN Pal ◽  
S Das ◽  
S Pal
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Mammalian Tissue ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Medical Sciences

Myiasis is an infection of live mammalian tissue by the larval forms of dipteran flies, usually infects domestic and wild animal but human may be affected sometimes. Although adult cases have been reported, neonatal myiasis is a rare condition. Umbilical myiasis is very rare in newborns with few reported cases in the literature. In this article we are reporting an eight day old female neonate from urban slum area in West Bengal (India) presented with umbilical myiasis and omphalitis. She was infected with Chrysomya spp. larvae, was clinically well. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2012, Vol-8, No-4, 42-45 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i4.8700  

scholarly journals NaCl-Induced Changes of Ion Fluxes in Roots of Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao-ying LI ◽  
Fang-jun LI ◽  
Yue-sen YUE ◽  
Xiao-li TIAN ◽  
Zhao-hu LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Ion Fluxes ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals Disruption of a Cadherin Gene Associated with Resistance to Cry1Ac δ-Endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis in Helicoverpa armigera

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 948-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinjun Xu ◽  
Liangying Yu ◽  
Yidong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Premature Stop Codon ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

ABSTRACT A laboratory strain (GY) of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) was established from surviving larvae collected from transgenic cotton expressing a Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki insecticidal protein (Bt cotton) in Gaoyang County, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China, in 2001. The GYBT strain was derived from the GY strain through 28 generations of selection with activated Cry1Ac delivered by diet surface contamination. When resistance to Cry1Ac in the GYBT strain increased to 564-fold after selection, we detected high levels of cross-resistance to Cry1Aa (103-fold) and Cry1Ab (>46-fold) in the GYBT strain with reference to those in the GY strain. The GYBT strain had a low level of cross-resistance to B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki formulation (Btk) (5-fold) and no cross-resistance to Cry2Aa (1.4-fold). Genetic analysis showed that Cry1Ac resistance in the GYBT strain was controlled by one autosomal and incompletely recessive gene. The cross-resistance pattern and inheritance mode suggest that the Cry1Ac resistance in the GYBT strain of H. armigera belongs to “mode 1,” the most common type of lepidopteran resistance to B. thuringiensis toxins. A cadherin gene was cloned and sequenced from both the GY and GYBT strains. Disruption of the cadherin gene by a premature stop codon was associated with a high level of Cry1Ac resistance in H. armigera. Tight linkage between Cry1Ac resistance and the cadherin locus was observed in a backcross analysis. Together with previous evidence found with Heliothis virescens and Pectinophora gossypiella, our results confirmed that the cadherin gene is a preferred target for developing DNA-based monitoring of B. thuringiensis resistance in field populations of lepidopteran pests.

scholarly journals Resistance of Trichoplusia ni Populations Selected by Bacillus thuringiensis Sprays to Cotton Plants Expressing Pyramided Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1884-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Kain ◽  
Xiaozhao Song ◽  
Alida F. Janmaat ◽  
Jian-Zhou Zhao ◽  
Judith Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bt Toxin ◽  
Bt Toxins ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Incomplete Resistance

ABSTRACTTwo populations ofTrichoplusia nithat had developed resistance toBacillus thuringiensissprays (Bt sprays) in commercial greenhouse vegetable production were tested for resistance to Bt cotton (BollGard II) plants expressing pyramided Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab. TheT. nicolonies resistant toBacillus thuringiensisserovar kurstaki formulations were not only resistant to the Bt toxin Cry1Ac, as previously reported, but also had a high frequency of Cry2Ab-resistant alleles, exhibiting ca. 20% survival on BollGard II foliage. BollGard II-resistantT. nistrains were established by selection with BollGard II foliage to further remove Cry2Ab-sensitive alleles in theT. nipopulations. The BollGard II-resistant strains showed incomplete resistance to BollGard II, with adjusted survival values of 0.50 to 0.78 after 7 days. The resistance to the dual-toxin cotton plants was conferred by two genetically independent resistance mechanisms: one to Cry1Ac and one to Cry2Ab. The 50% lethal concentration of Cry2Ab for the resistant strain was at least 1,467-fold that for the susceptibleT. nistrain. The resistance to Cry2Ab in resistantT. niwas an autosomally inherited, incompletely recessive monogenic trait. Results from this study indicate that insect populations under selection by Bt sprays in agriculture can be resistant to multiple Bt toxins and may potentially confer resistance to multitoxin Bt crops.

scholarly journals Perception of undergraduate nursing students regarding e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1892
Author(s):  
Suvashri Sasmal ◽  
Moitreyee Roy
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing Students ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing ◽  
E Learning

Background: The education system has faced severe trouble worldwide in COVID-19 pandemic since the beginning of 2020. In this context every educational institute including nursing colleges has adopted E-learning for smooth continuation of teaching learning process. Keeping this in mind this descriptive survey study aimed to identify the perception of the undergraduate nursing students towards E-learning during COVID 19 phase.Methods: A cross sectional web-based survey has been conducted through Google form with in west Bengal. By using snowball sampling, 327 sample were selected as study participants and they were received the structured questionnaire and submitted after giving their responses. Data were extracted and analysed with the help of different descriptive statistics, such as frequency, percentage, mean, median, standard deviation and inferential statistics in terms of chi-square by using SPSS 20.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 20.0).Results: In this article 327 participants were enrolled among them 70.95% had indifferent perception, whereas only 14.07% possessed unfavourable perception towards E-learning. Compared with the indifferent percentage the participants with favourable perception was very less i.e. only 14.98%. We also found perception of E learning has no association with demographic variables but significant association is there between gadgets used to attend E learning.Conclusions: Nursing faculties need to address the student’s perception towards e-learning so that efforts can be directed towards improving their learning experience.

scholarly journals Investigating News Sources and Effective Factors in Their Selection among Faculty Members of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Rastegar ◽  
Hassan Saadati ◽  
Niloufar Borhani yazdi ◽  
Ehsan Abouee Mehrizi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Academic Rank ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Emerging Media ◽  
Initial Questionnaire ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Introduction: Academics are among the most influential and important citizens in the culture and scientific security of a society. As a result, this study was based on the hypothesis that the existence of a constant concern about the effect of emerging media provides the ground for misleading this group. Methods: This research is a descriptive-survey study. A total of 101 professors from North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences were selected by convenience sampling and entered into the study. The data collection tool included a researcher-made questionnaire. The initial questionnaire was prepared based on the study of texts and review of various sources. To determine the validity of the questionnaire, the content validity method was used. Data analysis was performed by SPSS16 statistical software using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Results: Among the participants, 36 were female and 65 were male, 68 were married and 29 were single. Also, in terms of academic rank, the majority of the subjects had the academic rank of instructor or assistant professor. In terms of the use of social networks to obtain news and information, the findings showed that about 48% of the subjects used Telegram messenger as a source of their news and information.  Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be stated that the rate of national news follow-up by the studied units has exceeded the follow-up of provincial and international news.

scholarly journals A point prevalence survey study (PPS) of antimicrobial consumption in a tertiary care super-speciality hospital of West Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-204
Author(s):  
Raja Chakraverty ◽  
Kalyan Samanta
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Record System ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey ◽  
Number Of Patients

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging global health issue. Resistance occurs when bacteria, parasites, viruses or fungi are exposed to antimicrobials but not killed by them. The study was conducted to gather baseline information to assess the antimicrobial consumption practices across six departments in a tertiary care super speciality hospital of West Bengal. Modified version of a patient data collection form proposed by Global PPS was developed on Epi Info software version 7 (CDC). Data of all patients in ward at 08.00 am data were studied. The use of antimicrobials was categorized as empiric, prophylactic or lab based. This classification is not mentioned in the files, so a response from the doctor taking care of the patient was noted.A total of 85 patient related data was collected in the designated survey form. Total beds covered was 340 and the number of patients on antimicrobials was found to be low at 21.27 %. The patients surveyed were predominantly female (78.8 %). The mean number of antimicrobials per patient was found to be 1.62 (range of 1.4 to 2.2) Relatively low number of patients were found to be on 2 or more antimicrobials. Double gram negative and Double anaerobic coverage of AM used varied across departments covered.:Our point prevalence study was able to facilitate conducting of point prevalence survey in high patient volume tertiary care hospital with paper based medical record system and also depicted the baseline parameters of intervention for instituting future action and policy changes.

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