scholarly journals Histopathology of Polyps and Cancer of Colorectum: A ten years study from a tertiary care center

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Binita Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Histologic Grade ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Pathologic Stage ◽  
Male Female Ratio

Introduction and objectives: Polyps and colorectal cancer have overlapping clinical presentation and may be difficult to diagnose on clinical grounds alone and close clinicopathological correlation is required for correct diagnosis and management. This study was aimed to see the spectrum of polyps and cancer in colorectum, see the percentage of colorectal cancer in younger individuals, see association between histologic grade and pathologic stage at presentation and compare site of tumor and pathologic stage at presentation in younger and older age group. Methods: This study was carried out on 138 consecutive cases of polyps and malignant lesions of colorectum during a time period of 10 years from January 2011 to December 2020. Results: Age of the patients ranged from 2 – 90 years with mean 45.1 years and a male female ratio 2:1. There were 58 (42.0%) cases of polyps and 80 (58.0%) cases of malignancies. 37 (46.3%) malignancy cases were seen in individuals ≤ 50 years of age. Most common site of involvement was rectum in 80 (58.0%) cases. Most common non-neoplastic polyp was retention polyp comprising 25 (67.6%) and most common neoplastic polyp was adenoma comprising of 18 (85.7%) cases. Most common malignancy was adenocarcinoma comprising 75 (93.8%) cases. Conclusion: Significant number of malignancies is seen in younger individuals stressing the need for suspicion and surveillance in this age group. Histologic grade is an important prognostic parameter and there is no difference in site of tumor and stage at presentation between younger and older age group.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Malignancies: An Eight Years Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Binita Goyal ◽  
Mamata Sedhain ◽  
Suman Rai ◽  
Pratigya Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Histologic Grade ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Cancer Burden ◽  
Site Distribution ◽  
Pathologic Stage ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
High Degree

Background: Gastrointestinal malignancy constitutes a significant cancer burden in terms of mortality. They are most often detected late due to hidden location and lack of symptoms. This study was undertaken with an aim to see age and site distribution, histopathological spectrum, histologic grade and pathologic stage at presentation and to find correlation between histologic grade and pathologic stage at presentation. Methods: This retrospective chart review was carried on 161 cases of GI malignancies received in Department of Pathology of College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital during a time period of 8 years from January 2012 to December 2019. Results: Age of the patients ranged from 16 to 93 years with a mean±SD of 57.3±16.3 years with maximum 36 (22.4%) cases in 51-60 years age group and a male female ratio of 1.4:1. 29 (18.0%) cases were seen at or below 40 years of age. Stomach was the most common site involved in 69 (42.9%) cases. Majority, 136 (84.5%) cases were adenocarcinoma. Majority, 48 (35.3%) cases of adenocarcinoma were Grade 2. Most 31 (45.0%) cases were Stage III at presentation. There was no statistical significant association between histologic grade and pathologic stage (p = 0.073). Conclusion: GI malignancy constitutes a significant cancer burden. Younger individuals are also considerably affected denoting a need of high degree of suspicion. Stomach was the most common site involved. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type. There was no association between histologic grade and pathologic stage at presentation (p > 0.05).

scholarly journals Tinea pedis: a clinico mycological study

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Balakrishnan Thenmozhi Priya ◽  
Chellam Janaki
Keyword(s):  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Complete Physical Examination ◽  
Local Examination

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> To study the varied clinical presentations, the predominant etiological agent and incidence of tinea pedis in relation to sex, age group, occupation and aggravating factors among the patients. Also an attempt was made to know if any significant association is there with blood group and the occurrence of tinea pedis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A study was conducted among 75 patients who attended Mycology clinic in tertiary care hospital. Detailed history was taken along with complete physical examination and local examination. All cases of tinea pedis were first confirmed by KOH examination. Isolation of the agent was done in Modified SDA medium with cycloheximide. Differentiation of the species was done by culturing on corn meal agar.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Prevalence of tinea pedis infection was more common among males with male: female ratio of 2.26:1. The 21- 30 years age group was commonly affected by tinea pedis. The distribution of blood groups reflected the general distribution pattern of the population. Culture positivity was recorded in 81.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> More incidences of bilateral involvement and recurrent episodes were noted among the shoe wearing population than in the non-shoe wearing population. Any patients diagnosed with tinea pedis should be screened for diabetes as implied by the outcome of the study. Infected toe nails may be the site of primary infection and fungal disease can spread to other body areas from these primary sites. <em>Trichophyton rubrum</em> happened to be the chief isolate. <br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals A study of clinical profile of renal involvement in diabetic patients in correlation with diabetes complication at tertiary care center, Gujarat, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 630
Author(s):  
Virendra Kosamiya ◽  
Niyati Gosai
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Patient ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Male Female Ratio

Background: The chronic complications of diabetes are broadly divided into microvascular and macrovascular, with the former having much higher prevalence than latter. Microvascular complications include neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. Objectives of the study was to assess the clinical and biochemical profile of renal involvement in diabetic patient and complications due to diabetes mellites.Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study done in which total of 250 cases attended and admitted at general medicine department, Government Medical College, Sir. T. Hospital, Bhavnagar. Study included Diabetic patient having age - >12 years, Both Gender and Patient who gives consent for study.Results: Almost 54.8% having age between 41-60 years, Male: female ratio 0.87:1 and 44.0% were to ‘obese 2’ Body mass index (BMI) category. Around 22.4% participants have retinopathy, 30.0% have anemia, 62.4% have HTN and 26.8% have Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD). Almost 59.6% participants have S. creatinine level was 1.3 to 4 mg/dL and 43.6% have stage 5 of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).Conclusions: Incidence of DM Nephropathy increase with age. With increasing numbers of years of diagnosed DM, the chances of DM Nephropathy are increased and as the duration of DM as well as duration of uncontrolled glycemia increases GFR decreases and DM Nephropathy progresses. HbA1c is a useful marker to account for the glycemic control over the past months, and hence the better indicator to the development as well as progression of DM Nephropathy.

scholarly journals A study on clinical characteristics of herpes zoster in a tertiary care center

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Rachana R. ◽  
Shivaswamy K. N. ◽  
Anuradha H. V.
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Male To Female

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Herpes zoster (HZ), also known as shingles, derived from the Latin word Cingulum, for “girdle”. This is because a common presentation of HZ involves a unilateral rash that can wrap around the waist or torso like a girdle. HZ results due to reactivation of an earlier latent infection with the varicella zoster virus (VZV) in dorsal root ganglia. It occurs at all age groups, common over 60 years of age. It is estimated that in non-immune populations, approximately 15 cases per 1000 people occur per year. The objective of the study was to study the clinical characteristics in patients with uncomplicated herpes zoster.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 72 patients attending dermatology OPD at Ramaiah medical college between June 2013 to September 2014 were recruited after obtaining informed consent. A detailed history regarding onset of rash, pain, progression, duration and distribution of the lesions were recorded. Demographic information including age, sex, and any other co morbidities noted. Tzanck smear and serology for HIV was done where-ever necessary.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Of the 72 patients, females outnumbered males [M=35(48.61%), F=37 (51.39%)] with male to female ratio of 0.9 to 1. The mean age of presentation was 58±18 years. Majority of the patients (54%) were in the age group of 51 to 70 years followed by 31-50 years (25%). Least number of cases (9%) was in the age group of 21 to 30 years. Of the 72 subjects, thoracic involvement was noted in 30.6%, followed by lumbar (22%), and trigeminal (16%). Cervical (4%) and sacral (2%) involvement was the least. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Herpes zoster commonly occurs in old age and the presenting symptom being pain and burning sensation. Thoracic dermatome is the commonest site. Immunocompromised states like diabetes, malignancy and HIV can increase the risk of developing herpes zoster.</span></p>

scholarly journals Penetrating Keratoplasty – Indications in a tertiary care center in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-261
Author(s):  
Kinsuk Singh ◽  
Meenu Chaudhary ◽  
Sanjeeta Sitaula
Keyword(s):  
Penetrating Keratoplasty ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Western World ◽  
Bullous Keratopathy ◽  
Corneal Tissue ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Recipient Age

Introduction: Penetrating keratoplasty has become one of the most commonly performed transplant procedures where full thickness diseased host corneal tissue is replaced with healthy donor corneal tissue. Aims of penetrating keratoplasty include improvement in visual acuity, removal of infectious load, alleviate pain or even to simply save the anatomy of the eye. Visual improvement and removal of infection is the prime objective of majority of corneal grafts. The objective of the study was to evaluate various current indications of penetrating keratoplasty in central Nepal and its difference from the developed world. Material and methods: A hospital based study of 36 patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty between January 2014 and June 2015 was carried out at B.P. Koirala Centre for ophthalmic studies. Following clinical examination and investigations, surgical intervention was done when required. The patient data were recorded and followed up. Indication for surgery, investigations and demographic profile were assessed. Results: Mean recipient age was 46.56 years (+/- 16.02 years). The male: female ratio was 1.57:1. The most common indication for penetrating keratoplasty was infectious keratitis (44.44%), followed by corneal opacity or scarring (30.56 %), re-grafts (13.89%),bullous keratopathy (2.78%), keratoconus (2.78%) and others (2.78%) Conclusion: Though corneal diseases and indications for transplant surgery in developing countries are different from those in the western world, penetrating keratoplasty has emerged as one of the most successful way to reduce corneal blindness and to restore vision.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Amount of Resection and Time for Recovery of Bell’s Phenomenon after Levator Resection in Congenital Ptosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Goel ◽  
Divya Kishore ◽  
Smriti Nagpal ◽  
Sparshi Jain ◽  
Tushar Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Levator Resection ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Bell's Phenomenon ◽  
Bell’S Phenomenon

Background: Recovery of Bell`s phenomenon after levator resection is unpredicatable. Delayed recovery can result in vision threatening corneal complications. Aim: To study the variability of Bell’s phenomenon and time taken for its recovery following levator resection for blepharoptosis and to correlate it with the amount of resection. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 32 eyes of 32 patients diagnosed as unilateral simple congenital blepharoptosis who underwent levator resection at a tertiary care center between July 2013 and May 2015. Patients were followed up for 5 months and correction of ptosis, type of Bell`s, duration of Bell`s recovery and complications were noted. Results: The study group ranged from 16-25 years with 15:17 male: female ratio. There were 9 mild, 16 moderate and 7 severe ptosis. Satisfactory correction was achieved in all cases. Good Bell`s recovery occurred in 13 eyes on first post-op day, in 2-14 days in 19 eyes and 28 days in 1 eye. Inverse Bell`s was noted along with lid oedema and ecchymosis in 2 patients. Large resections (23-26mm) were associated with poor Bell`s on the first postoperative day (p=0.027, Fisher`s exact test). However, the duration required for recovery of Bell`s phenomenon did not show any significant difference with the amount of resection. (p=0.248, Mann Whitney test). Larger resections resulted in greater lagophthalmos (correlation=0.830, p<0.0001). Patients with recovery of Bell`s delayed for more than 7 days were associated with greater number of complications (p=0.001 Fisher`s Exact Test). Conclusion: Close monitoring for Bell`s recovery is required following levator resection.

scholarly journals Retrospective analysis of oral cancers in Shimla-Himachal Pradesh (2011-2018): a hospital-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 3876
Author(s):  
Shailee Fotedar ◽  
Vikas Fotedar ◽  
Manish Gupta ◽  
Vinay Bhardwaj ◽  
Purnima Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Oral Cancers

Background: Oral cancer ranks in the top three of all cancers in India, and oral cancer control is quickly becoming a global health priority. To analyse the epidemiological and clinical profile of oral cancer patients treated in Tertiary Care Center, IGMC, Shimla from 2011-2018.Methods: A retrospective study of patients with oral cancers treated from 2011-2018 at TCC, IGMC, Shimla was conducted. Demographic characteristics, tobacco use and oral cancer characteristics related to site, histology and stage at presentation were recorded from patient file records at TCC, Shimla. Data was analysed by Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 16. Statistical test used was chi square test. A p value of 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Oral cancer represents 1.53% of overall cancers. The total number of subjects were 246 out of which 205 were men and 41 were women thus making a male female ratio of 5:1. Peak age of occurrence is the 5th and 6th decade. The most common site involved was tongue (37.5%) followed by buccal mucosa (35.5%). Buccal mucosa was significantly associated with male gender, age group of less than 40 years. Lip was significantly associated with female gender, more than 60 years and with no habits. Floor of the mouth was significantly associated with males, 40-60 year age group and tobacco smoking.Conclusions: Strategies to overcome the present situation must be undertaken at state level by oral health programs for the early diagnosis and prevention and to support a tobacco free environment. 

scholarly journals A clinical study of anemia in children aged 6 months–5 years in a tertiary care center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 367-370
Author(s):  
Siva Saranappa ◽  
Jennifer Wu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Anemia is the most commonly observed hematological diseases in children. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that globally, 1.62 billion people are anemic, with the highest prevalence of anemia (47.4%) among preschool-aged children. Of these 293 million children, 89 million live in India. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the factors causing anemia in children aged between 6 months and 5 years and its prevalence within this age group. Methods: This study is a prospective observational study conducted in KIMS Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka. A total of 200 children in the age group of 6 months–5 years with features of anemia or having hemoglobin <11 g/dl were included in the study for a duration of 18 months between January 2019 and June 2020. Detailed history was recorded and examination findings were noted. The data collected were tabulated and statistically analyzed accordingly. Results: About 57.5% of the children with anemia fell between the age group of 6 months and 2 years and 42.5% of children were in the age groups of 2–5 years. A male predominance was seen (61%) with male-to-female ratio of approximately 1.56:1. Most of the children were found to have mild (46%) and moderate anemia (46%) with only a minority (8%) presenting with severe anemia. About 56.5% of the children had a normal nutritional status while 41% were malnourished and 2.5% had both wasting and stunting. Exclusive breastfeeding (for 6 months) history was present in 59% of the children. These children belonged mostly to the upper lower (45%) and lower middle (41%) socioeconomic status. This study also showed anemia in children most commonly presented majorly with concurrent involvement of the respiratory system (31%) followed by infectious diseases (30%) and gastrointestinal disorders (23%). Conclusion: The current study concludes that iron deficiency anemia is a multifactorial hematological disease. Learning about the predisposing risk factors can help to adopt the necessary precautions to prevent anemia in these children. Improving the nutritional status of the children by involving parents and counseling them regarding important feeding practices can help to prevent anemia.

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF GALLBLADDER DISEASES IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Kanimozhi. S ◽  
Veera Raghavan. G ◽  
Sofiya. C ◽  
Pushpa. B
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Gallbladder Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Gallbladder Diseases ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Male Female Ratio

BACKGROUND: Gallbladder disease is known to affect a substantial number of people throughout the world. In India, the disease prevalence is on the rise, largely attributable to dietary & lifestyle changes, thus causing a signicant disease burden. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the varied histological manifestations of gallbladder pathology and their association with cholelithiasis. MATERIALS & METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of pathology, Kilpauk medical college from January 2018 to December 2018. The clinical data and the histopathological changes were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 156 cases which were studied, 120 cases (77%) had gallstones. The mean age was 47 years. Females had a slight preponderance for gallbladder diseases with the Male: Female ratio being 1:2. 138 cases (89.8%) were diagnosed as chronic cholecystitis. 3 cases were diagnosed to have invasive malignancies. CONCLUSION: A diverse spectrum of diseases affect the gallbladder encompassing inammatory conditions, parasitic infections, pseudoneoplastic lesions and neoplasms. Routine cholecystectomy specimens should be evaluated meticulously as incidental ndings and diagnosis can be transformative.

scholarly journals Clinico Haematological Profile in Paediatric Patients with Bicytopenia and Pancytopenia in a Tertiary Care Referral Centre of North India

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Pankaj Katoch ◽  
Vipin Roach ◽  
Surinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
North India ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Paediatric Age ◽  
Common Sign

Background: Bicytopenia and Pancytopenia are relatively common presentations in adults as compared to paediatric patients.  Clinical features present in different manifestations in children with Pancytopenia/Bicytopenia, which can range from bone marrow suppression temporarily to marrow infiltration by life-threatening malignancies. Aim: To study the clinical and haematological profile in the paediatric age group withCytopenias. The study aims to analyze the severity of hematological findings as per causative factors in patients with Pancytopenia and Bicytopenia. Methods: Prospective Observational Study conducted in the Department of Paediatrics in Dr.RPGMC Tanda Himachal Pradesh (INDIA). The study included all patients except those falling in the exclusion criteria.It was performed after oral and written informed consent.A total of 50 children admitted with bicytopenia and pancytopenia were enrolled from March 2013 to March 2014. Results: Infection was the commonest etiology observed in 22(44%) patients with bicytopenia and pancytopenia. Bicytopenia was seen in 14 (20%) and pancytopenia in 8 (16%) cases with infection. Scrub typhus was the commonest Infection seen in 18(32%).Leukaemia was notedin 11(22%) cases. Conclusions: The commonest age group affected was 11-15 years with female domination with a Male: Female ratio of 0.78:1. The commonest symptom was fever 37(74%)  then generalized weakness in 29 (58%) cases.Pallor was the most common sign in 43(86%) followed by Hepatomegaly 32(64%), Lymphadenopathy 30(60%), and Splenomeagly in 29 (58%) patients.  Infection was the commonest etiology followed by leukemia and megaloblastic anaemia. Scrub typhus was the commonest infection encountered in the present study.

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