scholarly journals Prevalence of partial edentulism among the patients visiting a Tertiary Health Care Center in the Western Region, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Pratik Manandhar ◽  
Rebicca Ranjit ◽  
Sapna Laxmi Tuladhar ◽  
Arjun Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
P Value ◽  
Motivational Factor ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Introduction: Tooth loss causes impairment, functional limitation, physical, psychological, and social disability.  Hence, the study of pattern of tooth loss can provide a rough information about the frequency, cause and magnitude of oral problems, its sequelae that eventually can act as mirror image of prosthodontic treatment needs.  Objectives: To assess the prevalence of partial edentulism and its etiology, to determine its association with sociodemographic parameters, and to find out the motivational factor/s for replacement in willing patients. Methods: Total 417 patients with partial edentulism were examined intraorally on the basis of Kennedy’s classification with Applegate’s modification. The descriptive analysis was done using frequency distribution. Pearson Chi-square analysis test was used to determine the association between demographic variables and type of tooth loss where p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Partial edentulism was more prevalent in mandibular arch (41.7%) followed by both arches (30.9%). Kennedy’s Class III was the commonest and Kennedy’s class III modification 1 was second most common type of partial edentulism. Age and educational status had statistically significant association while gender had no association with various classes of partial edentulism. Dental caries (62.8%) followed by periodontitis (25.9%) were the major causes of tooth loss. Functional demand (46.8%) was the key motivational factor for the replacement among those who were willing (78.4%). Conclusions: This study can help in assessing the epidemiological features of partial edentulism of one community in a more classified form and can help gather information necessary to assess the treatment needs.  

scholarly journals Patients' self-perceived impacts and prosthodontic needs at the time and after tooth loss

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linéia Tavares Teófilo ◽  
Cláudio Rodrigues Leles
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Bivariate Statistical Analysis ◽  
Perceived Impacts ◽  
Financial Issues

Studies on self-perception have demonstrated that tooth loss is associated with esthetic, functional, psychological and social impacts for individuals. However, not all subjects seek treatment immediately after tooth loss, even when desire for replacement is strongly expressed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of patients submitted to tooth extraction about factors associated with tooth loss and prosthodontic treatment, at the time and after extraction. A convenience sample of 211 consecutive patients were clinically evaluated and answered to a questionnaire about perceived impacts and prosthodontic treatment needs. Data were collected at the time of extraction and after a 3-month time interval. Perceived impacts were high (21 to 76% at the time and 35 to 87% after extraction). From 72.5% patients who expressed intention of immediate replacement of edentulous spaces, only 8.1% had actually been treated. Financial limitation was considered the most important factor that restricted access to treatment. Bivariate statistical analysis showed association between immediate dental replacement and anterior tooth loss (p=0.00) and extension of edentulous space (p=0.01). Position of lost teeth was associated to perceived functional limitation (p=0.03). Worsened appearance was associated to tooth loss in the maxillary arch (p=0.02), and desire of prosthodontic treatment was associated to the extension of edentulous space (p=0.05). Perceived impacts were more frequent in women than men. It was concluded that although patients usually expressed prosthodontic treatment needs, clinical and financial issues are determinant factors for tooth replacement.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Awareness among mothers regarding exclusive breastfeeding in holy Karbala city / Iraq

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
maytham salim Al-Nasrawii ◽  
Ali Neamah Al-Aaragi ◽  
Ali Abd Al-Latif G Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
World Health ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) “Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)” is explained as “the infant receives only breast milk, no other liquids or solids. Its recommended for the first 6 months of life, and then complementary feeding should be started. EBF helps to reduce child morbidity and mortality from several diseases such as diarrhea, respiratory and /or ear infections and other infectious diseases, shielding lactation women from breast and ovarian cancer. In addition to offers societal economic and environmental benefits, The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and awareness of exclusive breast feeding among mothers with a child < 2 years of age. Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Health Directorate of Holy Karbala city. The study consist of (487) mothers how attendant to six Primary Health Care center (PHC). The collected data was done by direct interview with mothers and using a questionnaire form that designed based on the study objectives according to WHO criteria. Data were analyzed by SPSS, descriptive statistics included numbers (N) and percentage (%), and the inferential statistical test was done by using Chi-Square test , P-value was equal or less than 0.05 considered as statistically significant to find for any association between the results variables. Result : A total of 487 participants were included in the study, the rate of response was 92.7%. The highest percentage (66.3%) of study sample were full in the age group (21-30) years, and more than three quarters were lived in urban area. Nearly half of the study sample 47% had primary education and 60% those housewives, and the main source of information being family and friends (84.4%). As an overall assessment, 61.8% of the study sample had good knowledge and awareness about exclusive Breastfeeding, with highly significant differences to education level ,occupation residence of the mother. Conclusion: Over half of the subjects had good knowledge and awareness of exclusive Breastfeeding. And, on the other hand, there was a very significant difference between education level, occupation and mother's residence with a level of knowledge.

Fasting in Ramadan is safe for Individuals Suffering from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Jehangir
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Care Center ◽  
P Value ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Health Care Center

Background: Whether diabetics should fast or not in Ramadan has been a controversial idea since long and the answer even more debatable. It confers safety measures to be known by the diabetics thoroughly, such as when to break the fast and what the hypoglycemic cut offs are. We aimed to determine hypoglycemic events and safety of Ramadan fasting among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Methods: This was an observational study enrolling diabetics who decided to fast in Ramadan, were aged >18 years, visited the primary health care center in Sikanderabad and Clifton clinic and gave consent to participate in the study. The exclusion criteria was Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational diabetes, drug induced Diabetes and Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young. A total of 103 participants were included in the study. Data was captured pre-Ramadan, during Ramadan and post-Ramadan in the year 2019. Multivariate Logistic regression was computed and chi-square taken for association of risk factors with hypoglycemia. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean HbA1c before Ramadan was 9.2%+2.1 and after Ramadan 7.7%+1.4 (P-value<0.05) showing a reduction of 1.5%. Mean weight of the patients before Ramadan was 68.3kg+1.6 and during Ramadan 64.8kg+1.4(p-value <0.00) showing a dip of 3.5 kg however mean weight 1 month after Ramadan was 66.5kg+14.9 depicting a rise again of 1.8kgs. Higher the risk category of American Heart Association, those who had hypoglycemic events before Ramadan and those on basal-bolus combination insulin had more hypoglycemic events (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Fasting in Ramadan shows a major reduction in weight (3.5kg) as well as corrects hyperglycemia (1.5%). However, hypoglycemia was attributed to high risk patients only hence Ramadan fasting proved to be quite safe in individuals with Type 2 DM.

Efficacy of Liraglutide: GLP 1 Receptor Agonist on Glycemic Control and Weight Loss among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Jehangir
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
The Impact

Background: American Diabetes Association (ADA) made conspicuous changes in its 2019 Standards of Care Diabetes guidelines by choosing Glucagon like Polypeptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists and Sodium Glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors as the second line treatment options after metformin because both classes of drugs are cardiovascular friendly as proved in the Cardiovascular Outcome Trials (CVOT) trials. GLP analogs show massive weight loss benefits apart from offering good glycemic control. We aimed to determine the impact of liraglutide on correction of hyperglycemia and body weight in Asian population. Methods: A cross sectional pre-post observational study enrolling 49 Type 2 diabetic patients with uncontrolled blood glucose, 15 years and above who agreed to use liraglutide apart from standard care, for glycemic control were recruited in the study. Study site was general practice clinic in Clifton and family medicine health care center Ziauddin University. Pre and post treatment HbA1C and BMI were observed after adding on Liraglutide 1.8 mg to metformin 1 gm bid, over a period of 12 weeks. Differences in the changes in BMI and HbA1C were examined using McNemar’s test. Results: Mean age of the participants was 44.4 years. Duration of Diabetes was 65.1 months i.e. 5.4 years. At week 12, liraglutide 1.8 mg significantly reduced HbA1C levels by 0.94% (8.53+1.07 vs. 7.56+1.04 p-value <0.05) and BMI by 6.2kg (37.23+ 5.3 vs. 31.27.6+5.5 p-value <0.05) statistically significant. Conclusion: Liraglutide 1.8 mg over a period of 12 weeks, significantly reduced body weight (6.2kg p-value 0.05) and improved glycemic control (0.94% p-value<0.05) without causing hypoglycemia.

Association between CHA2DS2-VASc score and in-hospital death in ICU patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-600
Author(s):  
Mukesh Jha ◽  
Utkarsh Mukesh Balani ◽  
Vimlesh Pandey ◽  
Prachi Balani ◽  
Vipin Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Care Center ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
P Value ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Discharged Patients

Background: CHA2DS2-VASc score is a scientifically proven risk assessment score for patients with atrial fibrillation. It may be a good predictor of in-hospital death in COVID-19 patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between CHA2DS2-VASc score and in-hospital mortality in the prognosis of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with COVID-19. Methods: Eighty-four COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in the ICU were retrospectively analyzed in a tertiary health care center, and the CHA2DS2-VASc score was determined. All analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA, 20.0). A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The median age of patients was 60.0 years, and most were males (75.0%). Findings of the study showed that the CHA2DS2-VASc score was considerably higher among the hospitalized patients than discharged patients (3.08 ± 1.72 vs. 1.38 ± 1.16; p<0.001), and patients who required mechanical ventilation compared to those who did not require mechanical ventilation (3.03 ± 1.68 vs. 1.15 ± 0.97; P <0.001), respectively. Patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score of ≥3 had substantially higher age [67(45-87) vs. 58(19-75); P ˂0.001], computed tomography involvement score [67.5(20-90) vs. 35(15-90); P ˂0.001] and need for mechanical ventilation [29(90.6%) vs. 22(42.3%); P ˂0.001]. A significant difference was found in oxygen saturation on admission (P =0.001) between the two groups. In-hospital death was significantly higher among patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of ≥3 (P <0.001). The CHA2DS2-VASc score was positively correlated with white blood cells count (r=0.257, P =0.018) and negatively correlated with the number of days spent in the hospital (r=-0.184, P=0.130) due to higher in-hospital death in ICU patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: CHA2DS2-VASc score may be an effective tool to estimate in-hospital death in COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in the ICU.

scholarly journals Microbial Flora in Chronic Periodontitis: Study at a Tertiary Health Care Center from North Karnataka

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 049-054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirtilaxmi K Benachinmardi ◽  
Jyoti Nagamoti ◽  
Shaila Kothiwale ◽  
Sharada C Metgud
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
P Value ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Health Care Center

ABSTRACT Background and Objective: Periodontitis is a major public health problem in India with a prevalence of 60-80%. If untreated it acts as a risk factor for systemic diseases. Data on anaerobic periodontal microflora in the Indian population is very scarce. Hence, this study was undertaken to know the nature of oral microbiota in chronic periodontitis in this region of India and also the semiquantitative study in pre- and post-treatment group and to determine antibiotic susceptibility pattern for aerobic isolates. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 60 cases. Material was collected from the subgingival pockets in patients with chronic periodontitis attending the Periodontology, Outpatient Department. Clinical samples were transported to the laboratory in fluid thioglycollate medium. Initially Gram's stain and Fontana stains were done. Aerobic, anaerobic, and microaerophilic culture were put up. Antibiotic sensitivity test was done for aerobic isolates. Results: Sixty samples yielded 121 isolates of which 78.34% were polymicrobial, 11.66% were monomicrobial and oral commensals were grown in 10% cases. Out of 121 isolates 91.74% were anaerobic, 7.43% were aerobic and 0.83% were microaerophilic. Fusobacterium species was the most common isolate among anaerobes. Using "paired t-test" "P" value was significant indicating significant reduction in colony count after phase-I periodontal therapy. Conclusion: This study has shown that anaerobic bacteria are important cause of chronic periodontitis, along with aerobes and microaerophilic organisms. Fusobacterium spp, Bacteroides fragilis, Porphyromonas spp and Prevotella intermedia are the most common anaerobic pathogens. Bacterial culture methods are still economical and gold standard.

scholarly journals A prospective observational study of foetal outcome in twin pregnancy delivering at a tertiary health care center of South Gujarat

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
Heny K. Jariwala ◽  
Falguni B. Patel ◽  
Minal R. Chaudhari ◽  
Anjani Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Monochorionic Twins ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Labour Room ◽  
Second Twin

Background: Worldwide increased incidence of twin gestation. The rates of twin gestation have a direct effect on the rates of preterm birth and its co-morbidities. Importantly, this increased risk applies to each fetus and is not simply the result of more foetuses.Methods: This prospective study was carried out in department of obstetrics and gynaecology. 100 consecutive subjects fulfilling inclusion criteria   admitted to labour room and obstetrics intensive care enrolled over a period of around 1 year.Results: In this study twin delivery accounted for 1.3% of all delivery at our institute. On analysing neonatal morbidities Prematurity was commonest 65%, VLBW (23% first twin, 30% second twin), RDS (9% first twin, 13% second twin), birth asphyxia (7% first twin, 12% second twin), neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (7% first twin, 8% second twin). 34% of first twin and 40% of second twin required NICU admission. Early neonatal death observed in 6% of first twin and 8% of second twin. It was observed that proportion of neonatal complications was more in MCDA as compared to DCDA and in un-booked subjects as compared to booked subjects. This difference is statistically significant among both twin (p value<0.05).Conclusions: Twin pregnancy is associated with high perinatal morbidity. Specialized obstetrics and Intensive Neonatal care can decrease neonatal morbidity and mortality in twin gestation. We need to be extra vigilant in monochorionic twins and twin pregnancy with inadequate antenatal care.

scholarly journals Impact of Brief Interactive Psycho-Education Intervention on Caregiver toward Family Care Burden for Schizophrenic Patients at Puskesmas Kasihan II, Bantul

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Triatmi Dyah Wahyuning ◽  
Adi Heru Sutomo ◽  
Carla R. Marchira
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Education Intervention ◽  
Care Burden ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic severe mental disorder which causes a substantial burden of care for family caregivers.Objective: This study aimed to identify the effect of a brief interactive psycho-education intervention on caregivers towards family care burden for schizophrenic patients.Method: This study was a quasi-experimental design with one control group. Data were obtained from a random sample of patients who came to Puskesmas Kasihan II (Community and Primary Health Care Center). The participants in this research were 68 caregivers, who were divided into treatment and control groups. Both groups were administered a pre and post-test with the Burden Assessment Schedule questionnaire early in the first week and in the end or fourth week. The treatment group received a brief interactive psycho-education of schizophrenic patient care over one week for 4 sessions, while the control group received the prescribed essential medicines as usual.Results: This study showed that the average scores of the pre-test for the two groups were not significantly different (p value 0.77), while the averages of the post-tests were significantly different (p value 0.001).Conclusion: It was concluded that a brief interactive psycho-education for caregivers of schizophrenic patients was effective to decrease family care burden.

scholarly journals A Study Evaluation of Tubal Factors of Infertility by Hysterosalpingography and Diagnostic Laparoscopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant Madhukar Khetmalas ◽  
Manasi H. Kathaley
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Laparoscopy ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
P Value ◽  
Peritoneal Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Tubal Patency ◽  
Health Care Center

<strong>Background:</strong> Reproductive endocrinologist, consider a couple to be infertile if the couple has not conceived after 12 months of contraceptive free intercourse if the female is under the age of 34 years. The incidence of infertility in any community varies between 10-15 %. Tubal occlusion is one of the most frequent causes of infertility in women (20-40 %). The evaluation of the fallopian tube is necessary to determine the management plan for infertility. The two most diagnostic procedures which are used for the evaluation of tubal patency are hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy<sup>1</sup>. <strong>Aims of this study were:</strong> To study the validity of hysterosalpingography, in detecting tubal factors in infertility, as compared to diagnostic laparoscopy. <strong>Material and Method:</strong> This descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a tertiary health care center attached to a Medical College. A total number of 114 primary as well as secondary infertility patients were evaluated for tubal factors of infertility. All the infertility cases underwent HSG on day 8<sup>th</sup>, 9<sup>th</sup> and 10<sup>th</sup> day of the menstrual cycles. Laparoscopic chromopertubation was done during proliferative phase of the next menstrual cycle. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences ver.18. The result was expressed in mean and standard deviation. "Z" test for the difference between the two means were used. For qualitative data proportion and "Chi" test were used. For assessing the validity of HSG in diagnosing in tubal factors of infertility laparoscopy was used as a gold standard. For the purpose of this study, 95% confidence limit was chosen and corresponding p-value &lt;0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Conclusion: In our study we found that Hysterosalpingography is simple, inexpensive, safe and rapid diagnostic modality for tubal patency then laparoscopy. Laparoscopy is considered the Gold Standard for diagnosing tubal and peritoneal disease. HSG and Laparoscopy are not alternative, but complimentary methods in the examination of tubal patency in case of infertility.

scholarly journals Keikutsertaan Kelas Ibu Hamil Berpengaruh terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu dalam Praktik Inisiasi Menyusu Dini

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Elsa Budi Sihsilya Rahmawati ◽  
Kuntoro Kuntoro ◽  
Bambang Trijanto
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Place Of Delivery ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Birth Attendants ◽  
History Of

Objectives: to know the effect participation in prenatal class to the practice of early initiation breastfeeding in Sisir health care center-Batu. Materials and Methods: This research was an analytical study with cohort retrospective design. The population in this study was divided into two populations, exposed populations were mothers who attend prenatal classes during the last pregnancy and unexposed population were mothers never attend prenatal classes. Sample size was 32 respondent. Data were analyzed by chi square test. Results: The results of the bivariate analysis of age (p value = 0.229), education (p value = 0.1790, parity (p value = 0.011), knowledge (p value = 0.047), attitude (p value = 0.893), history of labor (p value = 0,021), information (p value = 0.472), birth attendants (p value = 0.017), the place of delivery (p value = 0.003), participation in prenatal classes (p value = 0.27), decision makers (p value = 0.137), counseling during pregnancy (0.16) The analysis showed significant variable is the parity (p = 0.011), knowledge (p = 0.047), birth attendants (p = 0.017), the place of delivery (0.003), history of labor (p = 0.021), counseling during pregnancy (p = 0.010). Conclusion: There is no effect of the mother's participation in the prenatal class to the practice of early initiation breastfeeding, but the prenatal classes effect mothers knowledge which influence the practice of early initiation breastfeeding.

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