scholarly journals Scenario analysis for energy banking between Nepal & India from Nepali perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bijay Puri ◽  
Arbind Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Electric Induction ◽  
Induction Cooking ◽  
Scheduled Time

Government of Nepal has agreed with India on energy banking with aim to enhance the energy security of respective national grids. The general concept of this banking is that the surplus energy available in Nepal during the wet months is absorbed by the power system of India and Nepal will retrieve the much needed banked energy during dry months. However, major challenge to quantify the energy being transacted and bring this into feat is, the hydro generation projects being not completed in scheduled time and uncertainties in the domestic consumption. Even the authentic reports from different governmental agencies contradict each other in estimating future internal electrical energy consumption pattern. The lack of rigid national grid‐supply is a key constraint to enhance the domestic demand and seems to be the crucial factor for import/export location & respective line power flow selection. This paper illustrates the prospective scenario analysis for monthly surplus – deficit energy during the period of fiscal year 2077/78 BS to 2084/85 BS from Nepalese prospective.  The scenarios viz. commissioning of upcoming generating projects in accordance to Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) concluded date as well as with trending delays are taken into account. The consumption sector with normal energy growth and with intervention like heavy penetration of electric vehicle and electric induction cooking, are considered during the analysis. The modeling of planned INPS and simulation is performed in ETAP.  The cross – border transmission line flows and avenues as well as operating behavior of planned INPS are also analyzed.

scholarly journals Solid State Transformers Topologies, Controllers, and Applications: State-of-the-Art Literature Review

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abu-Siada ◽  
Jad Budiri ◽  
Ahmed Abdou
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Modular Construction ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Power Semiconductors

With the global trend to produce clean electrical energy, the penetration of renewable energy sources in existing electricity infrastructure is expected to increase significantly within the next few years. The solid state transformer (SST) is expected to play an essential role in future smart grid topologies. Unlike traditional magnetic transformer, SST is flexible enough to be of modular construction, enabling bi-directional power flow and can be employed for AC and DC grids. Moreover, SSTs can control the voltage level and modulate both active and reactive power at the point of common coupling without the need to external flexible AC transmission system device as per the current practice in conventional electricity grids. The rapid advancement in power semiconductors switching speed and power handling capacity will soon allow for the commercialisation of grid-rated SSTs. This paper is aimed at introducing a state-of-the-art review for SST proposed topologies, controllers, and applications. Additionally, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis along with a brief review of market drivers for prospective commercialisation are elaborated.

High Penetration of Electrical Vehicles in Microgrids: Threats and Opportunities

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Khederzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Khalili
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Master Problem ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Electrical Vehicles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ev Charging

Abstract Given that the microgrid concept is the building block of future electric distribution systems and electrical vehicles (EVs) are the future of transportation market, in this paper, the impact of EVs on the performance of microgrids is investigated. Demand-side participation is used to cope with increasing demand for EV charging. The problem of coordination of EV charging and discharging (with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) functionality) and demand response is formulated as a market-clearing mechanism that accepts bids from the demand and supply sides and takes into account the constraints put forward by different parts. Therefore, a day-ahead market with detailed bids and offers within the microgrid is designed whose objective is to maximize the social welfare which is the difference between the value that consumers attach to the electrical energy they buy plus the benefit of the EV owners participating in the V2G functionality and the cost of producing/purchasing this energy. As the optimization problem is a mixed integer nonlinear programming one, it is decomposed into one master problem for energy scheduling and one subproblem for power flow computation. The two problems are solved iteratively by interfacing MATLAB with GAMS. Simulation results on a sample microgrid with different residential, commercial and industrial consumers with associated demand-side biddings and different penetration level of EVs support the proposed formulation of the problem and the applied methods.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2249-2257
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Nonlinear Process ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Harvesting Systems

This Paper presents a new technique of electrical energy generation using mechanically excited piezoelectric materials and a nonlinear process. This technique, called double synchronized switch harvesting (DSSH), is derived from the synchronized switch damping (SSD), which is a nonlinear technique previously developed to address the problem of vibration damping on mechanical structures. This technique results in a significant increase of the electromechanical conversion capability of piezoelectric materials. An optimized method of harvesting vibrational energy with a piezoelectric element using a dc–dc converter is presented. In this configuration, the converter regulates the power flow from the piezoelectric element to the desired electronic load. Analysis of the converter in discontinuous current conduction mode results in an expression for the duty cycle-power relationship. Using parameters of the mechanical system, the piezoelectric element, and the converter; the “optimal” duty cycle can be determined where the harvested power is maximized for the level of mechanical excitation. A circuit is proposed which implements this relationship, and experimental results show that the converter increases the harvested power by approximately 365% as compared to when the dc–dc converter is not used

scholarly journals Implementation of a grid-tied emergency back-up power supply for medium and low power application

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 6233
Author(s):  
Dhiman Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Sharif Miah ◽  
Md. Feroz Hossain ◽  
Uzzal Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Cost Allocation ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Power Application

Emergency back-up power supply units are necessary in case of grid power shortage, considerably poor regulation and costly establishment of a power system facility. In this regard, power electronic converters based systems emerge as consistent, = properly controlled and inexpensive electrical energy providers. This paper presents an implemented design of a grid-tied emergency back-up power supply for medium and low power applications. There are a rectifier-link boost derived DC-DC battery charging circuit and a 4-switch push-pull power inverter (DC-AC) circuit, which are controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM) signals. A changeover relay based transfer switch controls the power flow towards the utility loads. During off-grid situations, loads are fed power by the proposed system and during on-grid situations, battery is charged by an AC-link rectifier-fed boost converter. Charging phenomenon of the battery is controlled by a relay switched protection circuit. Laboratory experiments are carried out extensively for different loads. Power quality assessments along with back-up durations are recorded and analyzed. In addition, a cost allocation affirms the economic feasibility of the proposed framework in case of reasonable consumer applications. The test-bed results corroborate the reliability of the research work.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Plug-in Electric Vehicle Supported DVR for Power-Quality Improvement and Energy Back-Up Strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-952
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Dynamic Voltage Restorer

Electric vehicle technology becomes increasingly important as it takes care of the environmental issues related to ICE vehicle and reduces the dependency on fossil fuels. Electric vehicle being greatly dependent on the limited electrical energy provided by a battery, the power flow efficiency is very important in this context. Electric vehicle integration to the distribution grid is increased at a faster rate because it can act as power backup to the grid/local loads reducing the peak load and filling the valley point. Most of software engineers own an Electric Vehicle based on eco-friendly principles. The Batteries in the car are connected to the charging point (or) grid monitoring of State of Charging (SOC) facilities in the parking area of company. When the Renewable power (solar energy) is available, the batteries will be charged to hundred percentage of SOC. Then excess power from PV will connect to load as well as grid. When the electrical power supply cutoff the car batteries will act as a battery bank of UPS and support to the critical load with condition based Allowable SOC. The total capacity of the batteries depends upon the no of cars available at a particular shift in a day. This work proposes the power backup of EV is utilized as an UPS to Software Company as well as used to support the Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) to mitigate the fault occurring in the distribution system. Additionally, the EV supported DVR compensates voltage harmonics, voltage sag-swell, voltage interruptions coming from distribution to enhance power-quality of entire EV system without any additional compensation devices. The entire system is modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results confer the feasibility of the proposed objective.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption Pattern of Value Added Products of Pearl Millet

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Raveena Kargwal ◽  
Yadvika . ◽  
V. K. Singh ◽  
M. K. Garg ◽  
Vinod . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Packaging Machine ◽  
Value Added Products

Pearl millet is one of the major food crops in most of the arid and semi arid cropping region of India. Being the fourth most important cereal crop, pearl millet gives more nutrients and minerals to the rural people. The main purpose of the present study was to carry out an analysis of energy utilized during processing of pearl millet for preparing two different bakery products (i.e. cake and biscuits) under laboratory conditions. The present study was conducted at established lab. of Centre for Excellence, Pearl Millet, HAU, Hisar. In this lab, processing of pearl millet is done on regular basis for preparation of cakes and biscuits for demonstration as well as selling purpose through ATIC (Agriculture Technology and Information Centre) of HAU, Hisar. Pearl millet processing involves various unit operations such as cleaning, drying, milling, baking and packaging. Basically two types of energy i.e. manual and electrical were used during processing of pearl millet. Electricity was the main energy source for the value added products of pearl millet. Electricity was used to run electric oven, spiral mixer, dough maker, mill, packaging machine, lights etc. In pearl millet processing, some of the operations were done manually like, cleaning, sun drying, feeding of biscuits in package and weighing etc. Manual energy used was around 8% while electrical energy used was around 92%.

scholarly journals Análise de fluxo de potência através de métodos numéricos

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Bruno Pereira do Nascimento ◽  
Caison Rodrigues Ramos ◽  
Aline Brum Loreto
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Power Flow Analysis ◽  
Definition Of

The basic function of the Electric Power System is to supply electrical energy with quality and when requested. For this to be possible some analysis of the system is required, among them Power Flow Analysis. This analysis is important for the delineation of the power systems, as well as in the definition of the best conditions of operation, control and supervision of the existing systems. The system is modeled as follows: Generators, Loads, Reactors and Capacitors are connected between any node and the ground node, since the transmission lines and transformers are connected between any two nodes. Thus, the admittance matrix of the system will be generated through nodal analysis that will be solved by numerical methods. One of the objectives of this work aims to perform the power flow analysis of a system with the aid of numerical methods. Another objective is as well as to verify the accuracy of the results, with solutions obtained by the methods of Gauss Elimination, LU Factoration, Gauss Seidel and Crout Method, implemented in C language. The analysis of the accuracy of the results occurred through the relative error in comparison to the results obtained by MatLab software.

scholarly journals Research and Solution Proposals to Optimize Distribution Power Grids in Smart Grid Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trung Son PHAM ◽  
Dinh Tien NGUYEN ◽  
Quang Thuan NGUYEN ◽  
Quang Khoa DANG
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Electric Power Grid ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

Smart Grid is a concept for transforming the electric power grid by using advanced automaticcontrol and communications techniques and other forms of information technology. It integratesinnovative tools and technologies from: generation, transmission and distribution. This also includesconsumer appliances and equipment. This concept integrates energy infrastructure, processes, devices,information and markets into a coordinated and collaborative process. All allowing energy to be generated,distributed and consumed flexibly and efficiently. However, the Smart Grid with the integration ofdistributed generation itself also creates a several disadvantages. There can be problems with: stabilityand reliability, relay protection, isolation and operational isolation in which the problem is to create aburden on the distribution grid when transmitting electrical energy sources. Optimizing power flow andbringing high operating efficiency on Smart Grid conditions is an urgent issue. This paper focuses onresearching and proposing solutions for optimal calculation of power flow on Smart Grid. The paper hasresearched, and analyzed calculation solutions to optimize power flow and proposed to use the Lagrangemultiplier method. The study performed calculations for a typical Smart Grid model with three distributedgenerations. Calculation results have shown that the role of the method is to fully perform the optimalcalculation of the power flow on the grid. This is in order to reduce power loss and energy loss as well asincreasing operational efficiency while improving power quality in Smart Grid conditions.

scholarly journals A comparative study on common power flow techniques in the power distribution system of the Tehran metro

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ghiasi
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Flow Techniques

Overall, a power-flow study is a steady-state assessment whose goal is to specify the currents, voltages, and real and reactive flows in a power system under a given load conditions. This paper presents a comparison of common power flow techniques in the Tehran metro power distribution system at the presence of non-linear loads. Moreover, a modelling, simulation and analysis of this power distribution system is implemented with the Electrical Transient Analyser Program (ETAP) software. In this assessment, common power flow techniques including the Newton-Raphson (NR), Fast Decoupled (FD), and Accelerated Gauss-Seidel (AGS) techniques are provided and compared. The obtained results (total generation, loading, demand, system losses, and critical report of the power flow) are analysed. In this paper, we focus on the detailed assessment and monitoring by using the most modern ETAP software, which performs numerical calculations of a large integrated power system with fabulous speed and also generates output reports. The capability and effectiveness of the power flow analysis are demonstrated according to the simulation results obtained with ETAP by applying it to the power distribution system of the Tehran metro. In developing countries such as Iran, off-line modelling and simulation of power grids by a powerful software are beneficial and helpful for the best usage of the electrical energy.

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