scholarly journals Oral pemphigus vulgaris

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Mohit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Delays In Diagnosis ◽  
Oral Involvement ◽  
Dental Professionals

Pemphigus is a group of potentially life-threatening autoimmune mucocutaneous diseases characterized by epithelial blistering affecting cutaneous and/ or mucosal surfaces. Pemphigus affects 0.1-0.5 patients per 100,000 population per year. Oral lesions of pemphigus are seen in up to 18% of patients at dermatology out-patient clinics, but despite the frequency of oral involvement, and novel therapeutic approaches, there are surprisingly few recent studies of either the oral manifestations of pemphigus or their management, and delays in diagnosis are still common. Most patients are initially misdiagnosed and improperly treated for many months or even years. Dental professionals must be sufficiently familiar with the clinical manifestations of pemphigus vulgaris to ensure early diagnosis and treatment, since this in turn determines the prognosis and course of the disease. Pemphigus has been reviewed in the oral literature in the past decade, but several advances in the understanding of the etiopathogenesis, pemphigus variants, and management warrant an update. Here, we report a case of pemphigus vulgaris that was misdiagnosed in its earliest stage. Oral ulceration may arise from a variety of causes. This case illustrates that, although rare, pemphigus vulgaris may need to be included in differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals Plant-Based Antidiabetic Nanoformulations: The Emerging Paradigm for Effective Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saikat Dewanjee ◽  
Pratik Chakraborty ◽  
Biswajit Mukherjee ◽  
Vincenzo De Feo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Antidiabetic Agents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Threatening

Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening metabolic syndrome. Over the past few decades, the incidence of diabetes has climbed exponentially. Several therapeutic approaches have been undertaken, but the occurrence and risk still remain unabated. Several plant-derived small molecules have been proposed to be effective against diabetes and associated vascular complications via acting on several therapeutic targets. In addition, the biocompatibility of these phytochemicals increasingly enhances the interest of exploiting them as therapeutic negotiators. However, poor pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical attributes of these phytochemicals largely restrict their clinical usefulness as therapeutic agents. Several pharmaceutical attempts have been undertaken to enhance their compliance and therapeutic efficacy. In this regard, the application of nanotechnology has been proven to be the best approach to improve the compliance and clinical efficacy by overturning the pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical obstacles associated with the plant-derived antidiabetic agents. This review gives a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the nanoformulations of phytochemicals in the management of diabetes and associated complications. The effects of nanosizing on pharmacokinetic, biopharmaceutical and therapeutic profiles of plant-derived small molecules, such as curcumin, resveratrol, naringenin, quercetin, apigenin, baicalin, luteolin, rosmarinic acid, berberine, gymnemic acid, emodin, scutellarin, catechins, thymoquinone, ferulic acid, stevioside, and others have been discussed comprehensively in this review.

scholarly journals Transcriptional regulation of fetal to adult hemoglobin switching: new therapeutic opportunities

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (15) ◽  
pp. 3945-3953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Wilber ◽  
Arthur W. Nienhuis ◽  
Derek A. Persons
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hemoglobin Switching ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Developmental Gene Regulation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adult Hemoglobin ◽  
The Subject

Abstract In humans, embryonic, fetal, and adult hemoglobins are sequentially expressed in developing erythroblasts during ontogeny. For the past 40 years, this process has been the subject of intensive study because of its value to enlighten the biology of developmental gene regulation and because fetal hemoglobin can significantly ameliorate the clinical manifestations of both sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia. Understanding the normal process of loss of fetal globin expression and activation of adult globin expression could potentially lead to new therapeutic approaches for these hemoglobin disorders. Herein, we briefly review the history of the study of hemoglobin switching and then focus on recent discoveries in the field that now make new therapeutic approaches seem feasible in the future. Erythroid-specific knockdown of fetal gene repressors or enforced expression of fetal gene activators may provide clinically applicable approaches for genetic treatment of hemoglobin disorders that would benefit from increased fetal hemoglobin levels.

scholarly journals Respiratory Manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Salvatore Di Bartolomeo ◽  
Alessia Alunno ◽  
Francesco Carubbi
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Respiratory Involvement ◽  
Life Threatening

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. The respiratory system can be involved in up to 50–70% of patients and be the presenting manifestation of the disease in 4–5% of cases. Every part of the respiratory part can be involved, and the severity can vary from mild self-limiting to life threatening forms. Respiratory involvement can be primary (caused by SLE itself) or secondary (e.g., infections or drug toxicity), acute or chronic. The course, treatment and prognosis vary greatly depending on the specific pattern of the disease. This review article aims at providing an overview of respiratory manifestations in SLE along with an update about therapeutic approaches including novel biologic therapies.

scholarly journals HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 genetic susceptibility to pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus in Vietnamese patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
The Bich Thanh Vuong ◽  
Duc Minh Do ◽  
Phuc Thinh Ong ◽  
Thai Van Thanh Le
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Hla Class Ii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Pemphigus Foliaceus ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Life Threatening

Background: Pemphigus is a group of rare, life-threatening bullous autoimmune diseases that affect the skin and mucous membranes and are associated with high morbidity and morbidity. HLA class II genes, particularly HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1, play roles in pemphigus. Objectives: To investigate the susceptibility of HLA class II DRB1 and DQB1 alleles in Vietnamese patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) or pemphigus foliaceus (PF). Methods: The study enrolled 31 participants (22 with PV, 9 with PF) with diagnoses confirmed by clinical manifestations, histopathology, and direct immunofluorescence from November 2019 to June 2020. The HLA polymorphisms were determined by Sanger sequencing. The HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 profiles of the 101 healthy individuals in the control group have been published previously. Results: The frequencies of HLA-DRB1*14, DRB1*13:07, DRB1*04:04, DRB1*03:02, DQB1*02:02, and DQB1*05:03 were significantly higher, whereas those of DRB1*09:01, DRB1*12:02, DQB1*03:03, DQB1*05:01, and DQB1*06:01 were significantly lower, in the PV group than in the controls. The frequencies of DRB1*14:54, DRB1*13:07, and HLA-DQB1*03:02 were significantly higher in the PF group than in the controls. Conclusions: Alleles HLA-DRB1*14:54, DRB1*14:04, DRB1*14:03, DRB1*14:01, DRB1*14:12, DRB1*13:07, DRB1*04:04, DRB1*03:02, DQB1*02:02, and DQB1*05:03 were associated with an increased risk of PV, whereas alleles DRB1*09:01, DRB1*12:02, DQB1*03:03, DQB1*05:01, and DQB1*06:01 might protect against PV. In PF, DRB1*14:54, DRB1*13:07, and HLADQB1* 03:02 are promising susceptibility alleles.

The Evolution of Lead Extraction

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Melanie Maytin ◽  
Laurence M Epstein ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Lead Extraction ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Device Management ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Life Threatening

Prior to the introduction of successful intravascular countertraction techniques, options for lead extraction were limited and dedicated tools were non-existent. The significant morbidity and mortality associated with these early extraction techniques limited their application to life-threatening situations such as infection and sepsis. The past 30 years have witnessed significant advances in lead extraction technology, resulting in safer and more efficacious techniques and tools. This evolution occurred out of necessity, similar to the pressure of natural selection weeding out the ineffective and highly morbid techniques while fostering the development of safe, successful and more simple methods. Future developments in lead extraction are likely to focus on new tools that will allow us to provide comprehensive device management and the design of new leads conceived to facilitate future extraction. With the development of these new methods and novel tools, the technique of lead extraction will continue to require operators that are well versed in several methods of extraction. Garnering new skills while remembering the lessons of the past will enable extraction technologies to advance without repeating previous mistakes.

Alteraciones sistémicas y metabólicas producidas por lesión medular

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Gabriel Guízar Sahagún
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Impact

Besides the well-known loss of motor and sensory capabilities, people with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience a broad range of systemic and metabolic abnormalities including, among others, dysfunction of cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, and endocrine systems. These alterations are a significant challenge for patients with SCI because such disorders severely interfere with their daily living and can be potentially life-threatening. Most of these disorders are associated with impairment of regulation of the autonomic nervous system, arising from disruption of connections between higher brain centers and the spinal cord caudal to the injured zone. Thus, the higher and more complete the lesion, the greater the autonomic dysfunction and the severity of complications.This article summarizes the medical scientific literature on key systemic and metabolic alterations derived of SCI. It provides information primarily focused on the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of these disorders, as well as some guides to prevent and alleviate such complications. Due to the impact of these alterations, this topic must be a priority and diffuse to those involved with the care of people with SCI, including the patient himself/herself. We consider that any collaborative effort should be supported, like the development of international standards, to evaluate autonomic function after SCI, as well as the development of novel therapeutic approaches.

The Epitome of Novel Techniques and Targeting Approaches in Drug Delivery for Treating Lymphatic Filariasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1250-1263
Author(s):  
Saurabh Shrivastava ◽  
Anshita Gupta ◽  
Chanchal Deep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Lymphatic Diseases ◽  
Life Threatening

Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a pervasive and life-threatening disease for human beings. Currently, 893 million people in 49 countries worldwide affected by lymphatic filariasis as per WHO statistics. The concealed aspects of lymphatic diseases such as delayed disease detection, inappropriate disease imaging, the geographical outbreak of infection, and lack of preventive chemotherapy have brought this epidemic to the edge of Neglected Tropical Diseases. Many medications and natural bioactive substances have seen to promote filaricidal activity against the target parasitic species. However, the majority of failures have occurred in pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic issues. Objective: The purpose of the study is to focus on the challenges and therapeutic issues in the treatment of filariasis. The review brings novel techniques and therapeutic approaches for combating lymphatic filariasis. It also offers significant developments and opportunities for such therapeutic interventions. Conclusion: Through this review, an attempt has made to critically evaluate the avenues of innovative pharmaceuticals and molecular targeting approaches to bring an integrated solution to combat lymphatic filariasis.

Brain-eating Amoebae Infection: Challenges and Opportunities in Chemotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 980-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ridwane Mungroo ◽  
Ayaz Anwar ◽  
Naveed Ahmed Khan ◽  
Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Free Living Amoeba ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Living Nature ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis

Pathogenic free-living amoeba are known to cause a devastating infection of the central nervous system and are often referred to as “brain-eating amoebae”. The mortality rate of more than 90% and free-living nature of these amoebae is a cause for concern. It is distressing that the mortality rate has remained the same over the past few decades, highlighting the lack of interest by the pharmaceutical industry. With the threat of global warming and increased outdoor activities of public, there is a need for renewed interest in identifying potential anti-amoebic compounds for successful prognosis. Here, we discuss the available chemotherapeutic options and opportunities for potential strategies in the treatment and diagnosis of these life-threatening infections.

Scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi), A rapidly spreading epidemic in Chennai - A standalone lab experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (09) ◽  
pp. 4896
Author(s):  
Sripriya C.S.* ◽  
Shanthi B. ◽  
Arockia Doss S. ◽  
Antonie Raj I. ◽  
Mohana Priya
Keyword(s):  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Orientia Tsutsugamushi ◽  
The Past ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi), is a strict intracellular bacterium which is reported to be a recent threat to parts of southern India. There is re-emergence of scrub typhus during the past few years in Chennai. Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness which generally causes non-specific symptoms and signs. The clinical manifestations of this disease range from sub-clinical disease to organ failure to fatal disease. This study documents our laboratory experience in diagnosis of scrub typhus in patients with fever and suspected clinical symptoms of scrub typhus infection for a period of two years from April 2014 to April 2016 using immunochromatography and IgM ELISA methods. The study was conducted on 648 patients out of whom 188 patients were found to be positive for scrub typhus. Results also showed that pediatric (0 -12 years) and young adults (20 – 39 years) were more exposed to scrub typhus infection and female patients were more infected compared to male. The study also showed that the rate of infection was higher between September to February which also suggested that the infection rate is proportional to the climatic condition. Statistical analysis showed that the mean age of the patients in this study was 37.6, standard deviation was 18.97, CV % was 50.45. 

scholarly journals Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy: Overview of an Emerging Medical Problem from Pathophysiology to Outcomes

Medicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Gabriele Savioli ◽  
Iride Francesca Ceresa ◽  
Luca Caneva ◽  
Sebastiano Gerosa ◽  
Giovanni Ricevuti
Keyword(s):  
Major Trauma ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trauma Induced Coagulopathy ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Trauma Mortality

Coagulopathy induced by major trauma is common, affecting approximately one-third of patients after trauma. It develops independently of iatrogenic, hypothermic, and dilutive causes (such as iatrogenic cause in case of fluid administration), which instead have a pejorative aspect on coagulopathy. Notwithstanding the continuous research conducted over the past decade on Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy (TIC), it remains a life-threatening condition with a significant impact on trauma mortality. We reviewed the current evidence regarding TIC diagnosis and pathophysiological mechanisms and summarized the different iterations of optimal TIC management strategies among which product resuscitation, potential drug administrations, and hemostatis-focused approaches. We have identified areas of ongoing investigation and controversy in TIC management.

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