scholarly journals Plant-Based Antidiabetic Nanoformulations: The Emerging Paradigm for Effective Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saikat Dewanjee ◽  
Pratik Chakraborty ◽  
Biswajit Mukherjee ◽  
Vincenzo De Feo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Antidiabetic Agents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Threatening

Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening metabolic syndrome. Over the past few decades, the incidence of diabetes has climbed exponentially. Several therapeutic approaches have been undertaken, but the occurrence and risk still remain unabated. Several plant-derived small molecules have been proposed to be effective against diabetes and associated vascular complications via acting on several therapeutic targets. In addition, the biocompatibility of these phytochemicals increasingly enhances the interest of exploiting them as therapeutic negotiators. However, poor pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical attributes of these phytochemicals largely restrict their clinical usefulness as therapeutic agents. Several pharmaceutical attempts have been undertaken to enhance their compliance and therapeutic efficacy. In this regard, the application of nanotechnology has been proven to be the best approach to improve the compliance and clinical efficacy by overturning the pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical obstacles associated with the plant-derived antidiabetic agents. This review gives a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the nanoformulations of phytochemicals in the management of diabetes and associated complications. The effects of nanosizing on pharmacokinetic, biopharmaceutical and therapeutic profiles of plant-derived small molecules, such as curcumin, resveratrol, naringenin, quercetin, apigenin, baicalin, luteolin, rosmarinic acid, berberine, gymnemic acid, emodin, scutellarin, catechins, thymoquinone, ferulic acid, stevioside, and others have been discussed comprehensively in this review.

scholarly journals Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus: Possible Involvement of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basma Basha ◽  
Samson Mathews Samuel ◽  
Chris R. Triggle ◽  
Hong Ding
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Recent Past

The vascular complications of diabetes mellitus impose a huge burden on the management of this disease. The higher incidence of cardiovascular complications and the unfavorable prognosis among diabetic individuals who develop such complications have been correlated to the hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and associated endothelial dysfunction. Although antioxidants may be considered as effective therapeutic agents to relieve oxidative stress and protect the endothelium, recent clinical trials involving these agents have shown limited therapeutic efficacy in this regard. In the recent past experimental evidence suggest that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the endothelial cells might be an important contributor to diabetes-related vascular complications. The current paper contemplates the possibility of the involvement of ER stress in endothelial dysfunction and diabetes-associated vascular complications.

Problems Of Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Maksuda Ahmedjanovna Karimova ◽  
◽  
Dilnoza Kakhramanovna Kurbanbaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Calorie Content ◽  
Single Term ◽  
Life Threatening

At the beginning of the third millennium, for mankind, which overcame the epidemic of life-threatening infections during its centuries-old history, the problem of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) came to the fore in relevance among all causes of morbidity and mortality. A significant role in this was played by lifestyle modification associated with limiting physical activity, increasing the calorie content of food, and a steady increase in emotional stress. All of this potentiates the main risk factors for CVD, which are a “negative asset of progress,” namely increased blood pressure (BP), dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. Since 1988, after G. Reaven's Banting lecture, it is customary to designate the interconnected combination of these pathologies by the single term "metabolic syndrome X".

scholarly journals Circulating stem and progenitor cells as markers of inflammation, endothelial regeneration, and prediction of vascular complications in metabolic syndrome and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
О.В. Першина ◽  
А.В. Пахомова ◽  
Н.Н. Ермакова ◽  
О.Ю. Рыбалкина ◽  
В.А. Крупин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Endothelial Regeneration

Цель исследования состояла в выявлении информативных клеточных маркеров сосудистых осложнений, регенерации микрососудистой сети и воспаления в венозной крови здоровых волонтеров, больных с метаболическим синдромом, сахарным диабетом 1 и 2 типа. Методы. Обследованы больные с метаболическим синдромом (МС), диабетом 2 типа без осложнений, диабетом 1 типа средней степени тяжести и здоровые волонтеры. Диагноз пациентов подтвержден общеклиническими, биохимическими, коагулометрическими и иммуноферментными методами исследования, для оценки экспрессии антигенов использовался многопараметрический цитометрический анализ. Результаты. При анализе экспрессии маркеров показано изменение числа эндотелиальных клеток, мезенхимальных стволовых клеток (МСК) и гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ГСК) в крови в зависимости от патологии. Эндотелиальные клетки миелоидного (CD45CD14CD34CD309CD144CD31) и немиелоидного (CD45CD14CD34CD309CD144CD31) происхождения, CD309-эндотелиальные клетки и МСК (CD44CD73CD90CD105) предлагаются в качестве маркеров повреждения эндотелия при диабетической симптоматике. При этом ГСК (CD45CD34) могут выступать ценным диагностическим и прогностическим маркером воспаления. Заключение. Для подтверждения сосудистых повреждений и прогноза развития осложнений при диабете 1 и 2 типа в венозной крови пациентов целесообразно оценивать эндотелиальные прогениторные клетки (ЭПК) не костномозговой локализации (CD31CD309CD144) и костномозговой локализации (CD34CD309), и ЭПК c высоким регенеративным потенциалом (CD45CD34CD31CD144). Циркулирующие ЭПК, формирующие колонии in vitro (CD45CD34CD31), рекомендуется использовать в качестве дифференциального маркера состояния регенерации эндотелия при диабете 2 типа. The aim of this study was to identify mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), mature endothelial cells, and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in the blood of healthy volunteers, patients with metabolic syndrome, and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus as new, informative cellular markers of vascular complications, endothelial regeneration, and inflammation. Methods. The diagnosis was confirmed by general clinical, biochemical, coagulometeric and ELISA studies; multi-parameter cytometric assay was used for evaluation of antigen expression. Results. Changes in the count of MSC, HSC, mature endothelial cells, and endothelial progenitor cells in blood of patients with metabolic syndrome and type 1 and 2 diabetes depended on the type of pathology. We propose using endothelial cells of myeloid (CD45CD14CD34CD309CD144CD31) and non-myeloid origin (CD45CD14CD34CD309CD144CD31), CD309-endothelial cells, and MSCs with the CD44CD73CD90CD105 phenotype as nonspecific markers of endothelial damage in presence of diabetic symptoms. Furthermore, HSCs (CD45CD34) can be used as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic marker of inflammation. Conclusions. It is relevant to evaluate EPCs of non-bone marrow localization (CD31CD309CD144) and bone marrow localization (CD34CD309) and EPCs with a high regenerative potential (CD45CD34CD31CD144) in the blood of patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes to confirm the presence of vascular damage and predict development of complications. Circulating, in vitro colony-forming EPCs (CD45CD34CD31) are recommended as a differential marker for inhibition of endothelial regeneration in type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Oral pemphigus vulgaris

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Mohit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Delays In Diagnosis ◽  
Oral Involvement ◽  
Dental Professionals

Pemphigus is a group of potentially life-threatening autoimmune mucocutaneous diseases characterized by epithelial blistering affecting cutaneous and/ or mucosal surfaces. Pemphigus affects 0.1-0.5 patients per 100,000 population per year. Oral lesions of pemphigus are seen in up to 18% of patients at dermatology out-patient clinics, but despite the frequency of oral involvement, and novel therapeutic approaches, there are surprisingly few recent studies of either the oral manifestations of pemphigus or their management, and delays in diagnosis are still common. Most patients are initially misdiagnosed and improperly treated for many months or even years. Dental professionals must be sufficiently familiar with the clinical manifestations of pemphigus vulgaris to ensure early diagnosis and treatment, since this in turn determines the prognosis and course of the disease. Pemphigus has been reviewed in the oral literature in the past decade, but several advances in the understanding of the etiopathogenesis, pemphigus variants, and management warrant an update. Here, we report a case of pemphigus vulgaris that was misdiagnosed in its earliest stage. Oral ulceration may arise from a variety of causes. This case illustrates that, although rare, pemphigus vulgaris may need to be included in differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals Diagnosis, epidemiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus: An update for psychiatrists

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (S47) ◽  
pp. s55-s63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard I. G. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Insidious Onset ◽  
Life Threatening

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder characterised by persistent hyperglycaemia. The prevalence of diabetes is increased in people with schizophrenia.AimsTo provide an update of current thinking in diabetes for practising psychiatrists.MethodLiterature review.ResultsDiabetes is a costly condition in individual, social and economic terms, and the global burden of diabetes is increasing in most populations. The insidious onset and asymptomatic nature of diabetes results in many people remaining undiagnosed and at great risk of developing life-threatening vascular complications. Lifestyle and pharmacological interventions can reduce incident diabetes and delay its progression.ConclusionsPublic health policies are urgently required to encourage people to follow a healthy lifestyle. Primary prevention strategies for diabetes should target individuals at especially high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, including those with severe mental illness.

scholarly journals Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in diabetes mellitus: novel pathogenetic concepts for treatment of vascular complications

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Iosifovich Konenkov ◽  
Vadim Valer'evich Klimontov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Retinal Angiogenesis ◽  
Vasculogenesis And Angiogenesis ◽  
Large Vessels ◽  
Stimulation Of

Hyperglycemia along with other metabolic disorders may disrupt the balance of pro- and antiangiogenic regulators, thus leading to a maladaptive formation of new blood vessels in the state of diabetes mellitus (DM). In their turn, aberrant angiogenesis and vasculogenesis are important mechanisms of vascular complications in DM. Activation of retinal angiogenesis is a cornerstone of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, though in diabetic nephropathy excessive angiogenesis is only seen at early stages. Quite on the contrary, macrovascular complications are characterized by certain inhibition of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Novel therapeutic approaches, based on correction of angiogenesis, have emerged recently. Clinical trials have shown efficacy of angiogenesis inhibitors (the ?anti-VEGF? agents) for management of diabetic macular edema and proliferative retinopathy. Experimental evidence also indicates that this treatment may hinder the progress of diabetic nephropathy. In addition, stimulation of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis with stem cells or growth factors promise an option for treatment of large vessels in DM.

scholarly journals Integrated bioinformatics analysis reveals novel key biomarkers and potential candidate small molecule drugs in gestational diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun Alur ◽  
Varshita Raju ◽  
Basavaraj Mallikarjunayya Vastrad ◽  
Anandkumar Revanasiddappa Tengli ◽  
Chanabasayya Vastrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Functional Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Transcription Profiling ◽  
Hub Gene

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the metabolic disorder appears during pregnancy. The current investigation aimed to identify central differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GDM. The transcription profiling by array data (E-MTAB-6418) was obtained from the ArrayExpress database. The DEGs between GDM samples and non GDM samples were analyzed. Functional enrichment analysis were performed using ToppGene. Then we constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs by the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database (STRING) and module analysis was performed. Subsequently, we constructed the miRNA-hub gene network and TF-hub gene regulatory network. The validation of hub genes was performed through receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Finally, the candidate small molecules as potential drugs to treat GDM were predicted by using molecular docking. Through transcription profiling by array data, a total of 869 DEGs were detected including 439 up regulated and 430 down regulated genes. Functional enrichment analysis showed these DEGs were mainly enriched in reproduction, cell adhesion, cell surface interactions at the vascular wall and extracellular matrix organization. Ten genes, HSP90AA1, EGFR, RPS13, RBX1, PAK1, FYN, ABL1, SMAD3, STAT3, and PRKCA were associated with GDM, according to ROC analysis. Finally, the most significant small molecules were predicted based on molecular docking. This investigation identified hub genes, signal pathways and therapeutic agents, which might help us, enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of GDM and find some novel therapeutic agents for GDM.

scholarly journals Dendrimer-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Brain Targeting

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuefei Zhu ◽  
Chunying Liu ◽  
Zhiqing Pang
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Brain Targeting ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internal Cavities ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Remarkable Progress

Human neuroscience has made remarkable progress in understanding basic aspects of functional organization; it is a renowned fact that the blood–brain barrier (BBB) impedes the permeation and access of most drugs to central nervous system (CNS) and that many neurological diseases remain undertreated. Therefore, a number of nanocarriers have been designed over the past few decades to deliver drugs to the brain. Among these nanomaterials, dendrimers have procured an enormous attention from scholars because of their nanoscale uniform size, ease of multi-functionalization, and available internal cavities. As hyper-branched 3D macromolecules, dendrimers can be maneuvered to transport diverse therapeutic agents, incorporating small molecules, peptides, and genes; diminishing their cytotoxicity; and improving their efficacy. Herein, the present review will give exhaustive details of extensive researches in the field of dendrimer-based vehicles to deliver drugs through the BBB in a secure and effectual manner. It is also a souvenir in commemorating Donald A. Tomalia on his 80th birthday.

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