scholarly journals Bone marrow smear VS Blood smear in diagnosis of Kala-azar

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Nagendra Prasad Yadav ◽  
K D Das ◽  
R K Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
High Titre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Bone Marrow Specimen

Background  and Objectives:  Bone marrow specimen is considered as superior to the blood in the laboratory diagnosis of Kala-azar. The  main objective of this study is to compare these two methods of diagnosis and determine the usefulness of the diagnostic techniques.Material and Methods:  This  prospective  cross sectional  study  was  conducted at Janakpur Zonal Hospital, Janakpur which was  aimed  to  determine  the usefulness of the bone marrow specimen and blood specimen in the  laboratory diagnosis of Kala-azar. Bone marrow aspirate and venous blood  was  collected  aseptically  from  the  cases  were  processed  simultaneously.  The  results  of these two cultures were compared. Results:  Total 60 cases  of Kala-azar were included in the study of which 32 were male  and 28 were  female.   Amastigote  form  of  Leishmania  donovani  were  detected  in  56  (93.33%)  samples with  high  titre  of  parasitemiae  and  119  (18%)  in  the  blood  sample  with  low  parasitemiae. Sensitivity and Specificity of the test was calculated of the bone marrow sample test have more sensitivity (98%) and specificity (100%) over the sensitivity (90%) and specificity (96%) of blood smear test.Conclusion:  Bone marrow specimens were  found to be more useful than the blood sample in the  laboratory diagnosis of Kala-azar.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol. 3 (2): 38-42

scholarly journals Comparison of KAtex, Bone Marrow Aspiration and DAT for the Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Ishrat Sharmin ◽  
AKM Quamruzzaman ◽  
Rezina Parveen ◽  
M Abdulah Yusuf ◽  
Rashida Akter Khanam
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Background: Newly developed KAtex test can be used as a non invasive tool for diagnosis of Kala-azar. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare KAtex, Bone marrow aspiration and DAT to diagnose VL. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh in collaboration with the Department of Parasitology, Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh for a period of one year. Clinically suspected Kala-azar (VL) cases of different age and sex attending IEDCR, Dhaka from different Kala-azar endemic areas of Bangladesh were selected for this study. Patients having fever for more than 2 weeks, with or without splenomegaly, having history of loss of body weight following onset of fever were clinically suspected as Kala-azar cases. Microscopy and culture was performed in bone marrow (BM). KAtex was performed with urine sample. Agglutination of sensitized latex indicated presence of Leishmania donovani antigen in urine and thereby visceral leishmaniasis. No agglutination indicates absence of antigen in urine. DAT was done with serums of all cases. Result: Among 130 clinically suspected VL cases, 70 (53.85%) cases were BM positive and 60(46.15%) cases were BM negative. All the 70 BM positive cases were positive by KAtex and DAT. Among 60 BM negative cases, 15 were positive by KAtex and 23 were positive by DAT. The sensitivity of KAtex was 100.0% and specificity was 75.0%. The sensitivity of DAT was 100.0% and specificity is 61.6%. Conclusion: In conclusion, KAtex test is a good diagnostic tool for the detection of VL in comparison with DAT. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2019;6(1):12-15

scholarly journals Validity of Katex Test for Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Ishrat Sharmin ◽  
AKM Quamruzzaman ◽  
Rezina Parveen ◽  
Rashida Akter Khanam ◽  
Md Abdullah Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Urine Sample ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Carbohydrate Antigen ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
One Year

Background: Newly developed KAtex test can be used as a non invasive tool for diagnosis of Kala-azar.Objectives: The aim of the present study was to validate the KAtex method to diagnose VL.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh in collaboration with the department of Parasitology at Institute of Epidemiology, Disease control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh for a period of one year. Clinically suspected Kala- azar (VL) cases of different age and sex attending IEDCR from different Kala-azar endemic areas of Bangladesh were selected for this study. Microscopy and culture was performed with Bone marrow (BM). KAtex was performed with urine sample. Urine samples taken from cases were pretreated to inactivate heat labile materials which might cause a false positive reaction. Antigen which is detected by KAtex is heat stable carbohydrate antigen. Latex sensitized with antibodies raised against Leishmania donovani antigen was mixed with the urine sample on a glass slide. No agglutination indicates absence of antigen in urine.Result: Cases were 130. Among 130 clinically suspected VL cases, 70 (53.85%) cases were BM positive and 60 (46.15%) cases were BM negative. All the 70 BM positive cases were positive by KAtex. Among 60 BM negative cases, 15 were positive by KAtex. The sensitivity of KAtex is 100% and specificity is 75%. Highest percentage (52.86%) of bone marrow positive cases were below 10 years of age group.Conclusion: In conclusion, KAtex test is a good diagnostic tool for the detection of VL.Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2017;4(2):45-47

scholarly journals VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IS ENDEMIC IN GOLDEN JACKALS OF BANGLADESH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, A THREAT FOR EXPANDING FUTURE ZOONOTIC VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. H. N. A. Khan ◽  
S. S. Khanm ◽  
J. Bashu ◽  
U. K. Rima ◽  
M. Pervin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Western China ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Species Specific

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), now a day, is an endemic protozoal disease of human in Bangladesh. The disease is transmissible to canids and endemic in canids in many parts of the world including western China and India. In Bangladesh, the occurrence of VL in canids is unknown. Golden jackals, a common wild canid of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Campus, living with street dogs, cats and often get closure to human shelter. It is not surprising to find VL in golden Jackals of BAU campus, Mymensingh and this study was, therefore, aimed to identify the occurrence of leishmanial infection in their visceral organs. Venous blood, liver, kidney, spleen and bone marrow from the jackals (N=5) were collected, impression smears from these organs were made onto clean slides and stained with Giemsa’s stain. Leishmanial pro - and amastigote stages of the parasite were detected in the impression smears made from liver, spleen, kidney and bone marrow in all jackals. Leishmanial amastigote stage of the parasite was seen in the macrophages of blood, spleen and liver. Part of liver, kidney, spleen and bone marrow from the jackal were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Histopathological study revealed scatteredly distributed microgranuloma in the hepatic parenchyma, consisting of closely packed collection of macrophages and lymphocytes with fibrous tissue encapsulation. In kidney, chronic glomerulonephritis was seen; the inflamed areas were infiltrated with lymphocytes and macrophages. Specific pathology in spleen and bone marrow was not observed. Genomic DNA was extracted from the liver, kidney, spleen and bone marrow of jackals. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with species specific primers were used to identify the species of leishmanial protozoa involved. Results of PCR showed 145bp amplicon, specific for Leishmania donovani infection in all five jackals. This is the first report in Bangladesh describing the occurrence of VL in golden jackals. This result reinforce the assumption that golden jackals of BAU campus harbour leishmanial protozoa, could serve as a symptomless carrier and transmit the infection to other canids and human, require further investigation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15655

scholarly journals LD Body in Epitrochliar Lymphnode in a Bone Marrow and Splenic Aspiration Negative Indian Kala Azar

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-190
Author(s):  
Ratan Das Gupta ◽  
Aparna Das ◽  
Titu Miah ◽  
Mohammad Ashik Imran Khan ◽  
Muntasir Hasnain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
Kala Azar

Kala Azar is a parasitic disease cause by Leishmania Donovani, transmitted by sand fly phlebotomus. Lymphadenopathy is not a common presentation in Indian Kala azar. We present an adult male from endemic zone of kalaazar presented with epitrochlear lymphadenopathy and hepato-splenomegaly and diagnosed by presence LD in lymphnode biopsy. Keyword: Kala Azar, Lymphadenopathy, Leishmania Donovani (LD) body, Bangladesh DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v12i2.8429 JOM 2011; 12(2): 188-190

scholarly journals Epistaxis in Visceral Leishmaniasis: A hospital based study in Eastern Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
B Sigdel ◽  
S Bhandary ◽  
P Karki ◽  
A Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Peripheral Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Epistaxis ◽  
Endemic Areas

INTRODUCTION: Epistaxis is a common clinical manifestation in endemic areas of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). This study aims to see the prevalence of epistaxis in VL in Eastern Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a prospective cross sectional hospital based study. Diagnosis was made by Rk-39 from peripheral smear & Leishmania donovani (LD) bodies from bone marrow. Before starting anti–kalaazar treatment, nasal examination findings were noted. RESULTS: Ninenteen out of 80 diagnosed case of VL patients had epistaxis (23.8%) with age group between 7-66 years. One patient had developed severe epistaxis and hemotoma and died. CONCLUSION: Epistaxis is a common ent finding in endemic area of VL, however this needs to be confirm with larger cohorts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i1.6942Int J Infect Microbiol 2012;1(1):38-40

Clinical and Infective Outcome of Parasitologicaly Confirmed Kala-Azar Patients Treated with Sodium Antimony Gluconate

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Quazi Tarikul Islam ◽  
Ahasan Habib ◽  
Azizul Haque Azad ◽  
HAM Nazmul Ahasan ◽  
Md Mahmudur Rahman Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Sodium Antimony Gluconate

A total of fifty consecutive cases of Kala-azar admitted in the medicine units of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital during the period from February 2006 to October 2006 were included in this study. The number of the patients clearly indicates that the burden of Kala-azar in this region is significant and expanding. Male to female ratio was 1.9:1. Fever (96%) and splenomegaly (100%) were the predominant features. Hepatomegaly was found in 82% of the cases. Other clinical manifestations were Hyperpigmentation (76%), weight loss (62%), pallor (60%), jaundice (10%), oedema (10%), cough (6%) and lymphadenopathy (4%). Fever of 75% cases subsided within one week of starting treatment. Weight of 89.6% cases increased after completion of treatment. After completion of treatment spleen size regressed in 95.8% cases and no LD (Leishmania donovani) body was seen in 46 (92%) patients splenic / bone marrow aspiration after completion of treatment. 2 (4%) patients remain LD body positive after completion of treatment and 2 (4%) patients died during treatment. Still sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) is very effective in the clinical and parasitologicaly confirmed Kala-azar patients. A combination of sand fly control, early detection and treatment of the patients is the best approach for controlling Kala-azar. Keyword: Kala-azar, Sodium Stibogluconate, LD (Leishmania donovani) body, splenic or bone marrow aspiration. DOI:10.3329/jom.v11i1.4261 J Medicine 2010: 11: 12-16

Management of Refractory Hemorrhage in a Kala-Azar Patient with Thrombocytopenia and Coagulopathy by Using Recombinant Factor VIIa (rFVIIa).

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4090-4090
Author(s):  
Goksel Leblebisatan ◽  
Ilgen Sasmaz ◽  
Bulent Antmen ◽  
Yurdanur Kilinc ◽  
Umit Sizmaz Celik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Platelet Transfusion ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Factor Viia ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Life Threatening

Abstract Objective: Platelet transfusion is used for the treatment of acute hemorrhages in diseases other than immunological events, which lead to severe thrombocytopenia. Besides the diseases in which production of platelets is completely terminated in the bone marrow and the platelet requirement is increased, immune thrombocytopenia and alloimmunization may also result in not being able to achieve the desired platelet levels with platelet transfusion, and life threatening hemorrhages. rFVIIa which is used for the management of life threatening hemorrhages in hemophiliac patients with inhibitors and in cases of acquired coagulopathies has also been used successfully in patients with thrombocytopenia. Here we present a case with a diagnosis of kala-azar, where nasal hemorrhage couldn’t be managed with conventional methods and required continuous replacement, and finally treated successfully by using rFVIIa. Case: At admittance to hospital, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia were detected in the fifteen year old male patient. He was diagnosed with kala-azar upon the detection of Leishmania donovani amastigote form in the examination for bone marrow aspiration. Treatment with sodium stibogluconate was initiated (60 mg/kg). Replacements were performed in the patient due to thrombocytopenia and anemia, who developed nasal hemorrhage during follow-up and had anterior nasal cushion placed. The patient was supplemented with fresh frozen plasma, vitamin K and fibrinogen for his acquired coagulopathy. Since coagulopathy wasn’t corrected and nasal hemorrhage continued actively, 5-minute infusions of rFVIIa were administered to the patient at a dose of 4.8 mg (120 microgram/dl) three times every two hours. His hemorrhage was stopped by rFVIIa treatment. Conclusion: Our case demonstrated that use of rFVIIa for the management of hemorrhage in thrombocytopenic patients is also feasible in cases other than coagulopathy and that it may be an option for patients with hemorrhages that can not be managed with intensive platelet and plasma transfusions. This result shows that rFVIIa can be used effectively in other diseases other than hematological disorders that cause hemorrhage due to coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia.

scholarly journals Diagnosing human asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis in an urban area of the State of Minas Gerais, using serological and molecular biology techniques

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Castro Moreno ◽  
Maria Norma Melo ◽  
José Roberto Lambertucci ◽  
José Carlos Serufo ◽  
Antero S.R. Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immunochromatographic Strip ◽  
Cross Sectional

A population-based cross-sectional study was set up in Sabará country, Southeastern Brazil, to identify asymptomatic human visceral leishmaniasis in an urban area of low disease prevalence. Blood was collected on filter paper (n=1,604 inhabitants) and examined by indirect immunofluorescent test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic strip test. The prevalence rates of infection ranged from 2.4 to 5.6% depending on the test used. One year later, venous blood was collected in a subset of 226 participants (102 seropositive and 124 seronegative). The tests performed were IFAT, ELISA, rk39-ELISA, polymerase chain reaction and hybridization with Leishmania donovani complex probe. No clinical signs or symptoms of leishmaniasis were observed. Using hybridization as a reference test, the sensitivity and specificity of serology were respectively: 24.8 and 71% (ELISA); 26.3 and 76.3% (rk-39); 30.1 and 63.4% (IFAT). Due to disagreements, different criteria were tested to define the infection and hybridization should be considered in epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals Epistaxis in Visceral Leishmaniasis with Hematological Correlation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sigdel ◽  
S. Bhandary ◽  
S. Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Peripheral Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Hematological Profile

Objective. To study the prevalence of epistaxis in visceral leismaniasis and its correlation with hematological profile.Methods. Out of 80 diagnosed cases of visceral leishmaniasis, 19 patients with epistaxis were included in the study. Diagnosis was made by Rk-39 from peripheral smear and LD bodies from bone marrow. Before starting anti-kala-azar treatment, nasal examination findings and hematological profile were noted.Study Design. Prospective cross-sectional hospital-based study.Results. Epistaxis was found in the age group of 7–66 years. Epistaxis was observed in 19 (23.8%) cases. One patient died because of epistaxis and neck hematoma.Conclusion. Epistaxis is a common ENT finding in endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis like our case.

scholarly journals Detection of LD body in Peripheral Blood Buffy-coat from Suspected Kala-azar Cases of Bangladesh

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Kumar Roy ◽  
Sofia Andalib Sariullah ◽  
Ahmed Abu Saleh ◽  
Md Ruhul Amin Miah
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
P Value ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity And Specificity

The present study has been carried out in an attempt to observe the usefulness of peripheral blood buffy-coat microscopic examination for detection of LD-body from clinically suspected Kala-azar cases. Total 127 individuals are included in this study as cases and controls. Among them 67 are clinically suspected Kala-azar cases included from one of the Kala-azar endemic areas of Bangladesh and 60 are taken as endemic and nonendemic healthy controls. Peripheral venous blood and bone marrow aspirate collected and tested for LD bodies from clinically suspected Kala-azar cases in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, during the period of July 2006 to June 2007. Serum from all cases and controls were tested by rK39 ICT for serological identification of visceral leishmaniasis. Laboratory examinations were performed in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, BSMMU, Dhaka. Out of 67 study cases bone marrow smear microscopy for LD bodies positive in 44 (66.67%) and buffy-coat smear microscopy positive for 21 (31.34%); diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of buffy-coat smear microscopy was 47.72% and 100% in comparison with bone marrow examinations. Buffy-coat smear made form the 23 splenomegalic patients, microscopy revealed significant number 17 (73.91%) of the cases were positive for LD-body and all of the four hepato-splenomegalic patients were positive (p-value >0.05, reached from 2 test). Results of rK39 ICT for detection of visceral leishmaniasis cases show 100% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Peripheral blood buffy coat examination for LD body in splenomegalic cases of Kala-azar may replace bone marrow examinations.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2010; 03 (02): 27-32

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