scholarly journals Adaptability of Naked Barley Landraces in Mountain Agro-ecosystem of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Hari Ghimire ◽  
Bal Krishna Joshi ◽  
Rita Gurung ◽  
Epsha Palikhey ◽  
Niranjan Pudasaini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Naked Barley ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Barley Landraces ◽  
Production Area

Naked barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum L.) is an important food crop in mountain regions of Nepal, however, its production area and genetic diversity is known to be shrinking fast. One of the reasons could be the poor productivity. To improve the productivity of crops, it is essential that new site-specific, high-yielding and widely adopted varietal options for farmers should be developed for sustainability. To identify the varietal responses to environment, multi-location testing is one of the main tools. Following this, we evaluated agronomic performance of eight naked barley landraces collected from five different locations of Nepal with altitude ranging from 1370 to 2500 meter elevations from the sea level during the winter season of 2014/15 in order to assess the landraces adaptability across different locations. Combined analysis of variances revealed that NGRC02306, NGRC04902 and NGRC04894 were the high yielding landraces. The landrace namely NGRC04894 was found the most stable genotype with better adaptability to all tested environments whereas NGRC02306 and NGRC04902 were high yielding landraces adapted to high yielding environment namely Khumaltar. However, the lower yielding landrace NGRC02327 was the earliest and could be preferred by farmers as its maturity allows it to fit better in the rice based cropping system. Our study showed that these landraces need to be verified further in farmers’ fields and the release of one or more of them would help to diversify the genetic base of naked barley varieties in the seed supply system.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Naked Barley Landraces for Agro-morphological Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Ajaya Karkee ◽  
Krishna Hari Ghimire ◽  
Bal Krishna Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Naked Barley ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Barley Landraces ◽  
Breeding Schemes

Naked barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum L.) is a traditional, culturally important, climate-resilient winter cereal crop of Nepal. Evaluation of the naked barely genotypes for yield and disease is fundamental for their efficient utilization in plant breeding schemes and effective conservation programs. Therefore, to identify high yielding and yellow rust resistant landraces of naked barley for hilly and mountainous agro-ecosystem, twenty naked barley landraces collected from different locations of Nepal, were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during winter season of 2016 and 2017 at Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal. Combined analysis of variances revealed that NGRC04902 (3.46 t/ha), NGRC00886 (3.28 t/ha), NGRC02309 (3.21 t/ha) and NGRC06026 (3.10 t/ha) were the high yielding landraces and statistically at par with the released variety 'Solu Uwa' (3.15 t/ha). The landraces namely NGRC00837 (ACI Value: 1.86) was found resistant to yellow rust diseases. Landraces NGRC06034 (131.7 days) and NGRC02363 (130.8 days) were found early maturing and NGRC02306 (94.36 cm) was found dwarf landraces among tested genotypes. These landraces having higher yield and better resistance to yellow rust need to be deployed to farmers' field to diversify the varietal options and used in resistant breeding program to improve the productivity of naked barley for Nepalese farmers.

scholarly journals Analysis of Challenges Facing Rice Processing in Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Ajala ◽  
A. Gana
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Rice Processing

Rice is the most economically important food crop in many developing countries and has also become a major crop in many developed countries where its consumption has increased considerably. It has become necessary to meet the demand of the world’s current population growth rate, and the least costly means for achieving this aim is to increase rice productivity, wherever possible. The main challenges encountered by rice processors in Nigeria are to find appropriate solutions for quality rice processing. Therefore this work provides basic information about the challenges of rice processing and focuses on the challenges faced by the small scale rice processors and reasons for continuous rice importation with a view to guiding decision-making to be self-sufficient in rice production, thereby making some improvement in Nigerian economy.

scholarly journals The Improvement of Mini Tuber Production of Granola Potato Cultivar in Aeroponics System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Sugiyono Sugiyono ◽  
Lucky Prayoga ◽  
Elly Proklamasiningsih ◽  
Khavid Faozi ◽  
Rendie Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Tuber Formation ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Important Food ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Tuber Production ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Potato is an important food crop in both developed and developing countries and it is the fourth most important food crop after wheat, maize, and rice. Potato production in Indonesia has decreased in recent years, mainly due to the use of low quality tuber seed. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of plant materials, types of nutrients, and planting density on mini tuber formation, as well as to determine the best aeroponics conditions for mini tuber formation of Granola cultivar of potato. This research has been carried out experimentally using a Split-split Plot Design. The main plot was planting materials which consisted of plantlet and knol. The subplot was the type of nutrition media which consisted of Farran nutrition, Otazu nutrition, and AB-commercial mix. The sub-sub-plot was planting density which consisted of 50, 75, and 100 plants/m2. The research results showed that knol planted in aeroponics system on AB-commercial mix at a planting density of 75 plants/m2 resulted in the best mini-tuber production. In this study, for the first time three important factors for potato mini-tuber production have thoroughly been investigated in Indonesia. This finding will be used by Kledung Horticultural Seed Garden, Temanggung, for mass production of high-quality mini-tuber seed, which in turn will provide sufficient tuber seed for the farmer in its surrounding areas. By increasing the production of high-quality tuber seed, it is expected that it will contribute to the improvement of potato productivity and increase Indonesian potato production.

scholarly journals Place of Groundnut in the Cropping System, Constraints, Local Taxonomy and Farmers' Criteria for Characterizing Groundnut Cultivars in Niger

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-60
Author(s):  
Nana Mariama Idi Garba ◽  
Abdoulkarim Toudou ◽  
Maman Laouali Adamou Ibrahim ◽  
Idrissa Soumana ◽  
Yacoubou Bakasso
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Local Diversity ◽  
The World ◽  
National Production

The groundnut is a leguminous, olea-proteaginous, cultivated in all the tropical zones throughout the world. In Niger, groundnut is used both as a cash and food crop and is highly valued for its nutritional and economic qualities. In order to show the local diversity of groundnut and its place in the cultivation system in Niger, a prospecting survey and seed collection was conducted in the regions of Zinder, Maradi, Tahoua and Dosso, which account for more than 90% of the national production. Two hundred and seventeen (217) producers were surveyed, using a quota-oriented technic. It emerged from this study that groundnut is generally grown pure or in association with cereals (millet, sorghum) or other legumes (cowpea, sorrel, sesame). Few producers know the varieties they use (55 437, RRB, JL 24, FLEUR 11); the rest only know the local names of the varieties (El Laray, El Haoussa, MargaMarga, El Dakar, Mai Silbi, Garangagia, Bahaoussa, El Masar, Tsougouné, El Arba'in). This denomination depends on the origin of the variety, its morphology and earliness. The seeds are generally sold or used for transformation and the leaves are also either sold or kept for animals. Haulms are mostly given to animals during the dry season. The prices of haulms and seeds are higher during the same period and therefore vary according the periods. Producers cited several constraints related to groundnut production which are Insufficient fertilizer, diseases and insect pests, insufficient rainfall, and problem of seeds quality.

Identification of microRNAs from rice

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Zhu Lu ◽  
Da-Wei Yan ◽  
Ying-Tang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Loop Structure ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Stem Loop Structure ◽  
Unknown Protein ◽  
Computational Analyses

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators in the development of plants and animals. Several hundred have been identified from animals, and about a dozen have been cloned from plants, mainly Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. We have identified nine miRNAs in Oryza sativa L., an important food crop that has been sequenced in recent years. The nine miRNAs include miRNA171 and miRNA167, which were also identified in Arabidopsis. These had the typical properties of miRNAs, including short length, an ability to form a stem–loop structure with a flanking genomic sequence and they could be identified by northern blot analyses. In addition, m-fold program and computational analyses indicted that the potential targets of six of the nine miRNAs are four known gene families and two unknown protein families, which comprise 16 unique genes.

scholarly journals Land Situation and Sowing Date Effects Growth and Yield of Crops in the Rice-Pulse Based Cropping Systems of Coastal India

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Koushik Brahmachari ◽  
Sukamal Sarkar ◽  
Donald S. Gaydon ◽  
Manoj Kumar Nanda ◽  
Argha Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Saline Zone

The costal saline zone of West Bengal in India is the home for millions of the world’s poorest and most vulnerable people. Due to gradual increase in salt accumulation on soils of the costal saline zone of West Bengal in India from winter to summer days, cultivation of the second crop in winter season becomes possible in a limited area. To address this issue, field experiment was conducted both in rainy and winter seasons of 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 in this zone to study the feasibility of incorporating different winter pulses (lentil and grass pea) in the rice based cropping system. The experiment was conducted in strip plot design having two factors namely, Factor I: Six dates of sowing of rice at an interval of one week (2nd week of June to 3rd week of July) and Factor II: Two land situations (Medium-upland and Medium-lowland). Date of sowing significantly influenced dry matter and macro-nutrients (NPK) partitioning in rice. Irrespective of land situation, crop sown on 1st and 2nd dates recorded significantly higher grain yield and macro-nutrient uptake by rice. Date of sowing of rice and land situation also significantly influenced the seed and stover yield of different pulse crops. Pulse crops sown on 1st and 2nd dates recorded significantly higher seed yield in coastal saline ecology of West Bengal, India.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ROOSTER TREE GREEN MANURE ON CARROT AND LETTUCE INTERCROPPING SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICARDO CARLOS PEREIRA DA SILVA ◽  
FRANCISCO BEZERRA NETO ◽  
MAIELE LEANDRO DA SILVA ◽  
AURÉLIO PAES BARROS JÚNIOR ◽  
ANTÔNIO EWERTON DA SILVA ALMEIDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Increase Productivity

ABSTRACT Intercropping is a cropping system that involves cultivating two or more crops in the same area with different cycles and vegetative architectures. One of the ways to increase productivity and efficiency in this cropping system is through green manuring and by properly considering crop combinations, cultivation timing, and planting configuration of the component crops. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the productive performance of carrot and lettuce intercropping systems under different amounts of rooster tree biomass incorporated into the soil and under different spatial arrangements. The study was conducted at the experimental farm Rafael Fernandes, RN, Brazil, in the period from September 2012 to January 2013, in an experimental design of randomized complete blocks in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with twelve treatments and 3 replicates. The treatments consisted of the combination of four rooster tree biomass amounts incorporated into the soil (10, 25, 40 and 55 t ha-1 on a dry basis) with three predetermined spatial arrangements between the component crops (2:2, 3:3 and 4:4), which correspond to the rows of carrot alternating with the rows of lettuce. The agronomic performance of the carrot and lettuce intercropping system was optimized in the amount of approximately 46.36 t ha-1 of rooster tree incorporated into the soil. There was no influence of the spatial arrangements on the agronomic efficiency of the carrot and lettuce intercropping. The use of rooster tree as green manure is agronomically viable in intercropped systems of carrot and lettuce.

scholarly journals An Overview: Distribution, Production, and Diversity of Local Landraces of Buckwheat in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dol Raj Luitel ◽  
Mohan Siwakoti ◽  
Pramod Kumar Jha ◽  
Ajay Kumar Jha ◽  
Nir Krakauer
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
The World

Buckwheat is a sixth staple food crop after rice, wheat, maize, finger millet, and barley in Nepal. It is considered as an alternate cereal and poor man’s crop, representing an important food supply in remote places of Himalayas. It is the best crop in higher altitude in terms of adaptation to different climatic variables and easily fitted to different cropping patterns due to short duration. It is cultivated on marginal land in 61 out of 75 districts of Nepal from some 60 m to 4500 m asl, especially hilly and mountain districts like Rukum, Rolpa, Jajarkot, Dolpa, Humla, Jumla, Kalikot, Kavre, Dolakha, and Okhaldhunga. Sweet buckwheat varieties are generally grown in midhill and Terai but Tartary buckwheat varieties are grown in higher altitude. There are altogether 19 local landraces of sweat buckwheat and 37 for Tartary buckwheat listed from Nepal. The largest producers are China, USA, and Russia and Japan is principal user of global buckwheat grown in the world. In Nepal, it is cultivated in 10510 ha area with production of 10355 t/yr and yield of 0.983 t/ha. It has also medicinal value used in different forms including all its parts so the demand of buckwheat is increasing.

SOIL APPLICATION OF CARBOFURAN TO CONTROL SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN A MANAGED WHITE SPRUCE SEED PRODUCTION AREA

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (10) ◽  
pp. 949-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Fogal ◽  
D. A. Winston ◽  
S. M. Lopushanski ◽  
D. A. MacLeod ◽  
A. J. Willcocks
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Production Areas

White spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, is a major commercial tree species used in reforestation programs throughout Canada, and seed requirements cannot be met in some years because of insect damage and the periodic nature of cone crops. The spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), feeds on buds and cones of its hosts, causing a pronounced decrease in cone production (Schooley 1978). A current outbreak in northeastern Ontario poses a serious threat to white spruce seed supply from high value, managed seed production areas. Therefore, in 1979, we began an experiment to determine whether carbofuran, a systemic insecticide, could be used to protect buds and cones when applied to soil. We chose carbofuran because it has proved successful for control of some insects in seed orchards in the southeastern United States (DeBarr 1978)

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